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986 judgments · newest first · showing 601–800
A lecturer (Venkappa Gowda) assaulted the principal of a private college with a chappal and used abusive language. The management dismissed him under the Karnataka Private Educational Institutions (Discipline and Control) Act, 1975; he appealed to the Educational Appellate Tribunal, which set aside …
Sonepat Cooperative Sugar Mills Ltd. employed Rakesh Kumar on daily wages in its computer department from 1 July 1998 to 31 August 1999 and later terminated his services. Kumar claimed the termination violated Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 because he had worked more than 240 days …
The Administrator of Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital terminated the services of clerk Vinod Kumar, who claimed that he had worked continuously for at least 240 days in a calendar year and was therefore entitled to protection under Section 6(N) of the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes Act. The Labour …
The workman Udai Narain Pandey was engaged on a daily‑wage basis for a fixed tenure by U.P. State Brassware Corporation Ltd. His services were terminated on the expiry of that tenure, but he had rendered more than 240 days of service in the preceding year, making him a "workman" under Section 6‑N of …
R. Dhandapani, an assistant with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), was transferred to a new branch but failed to join, subsequently taking privileged and medical leave without furnishing a medical certificate from the LIC‑designated doctor. The employer issued a charge sheet for …
The respondent, a casual worker of ONGC, claimed that he had worked more than 240 days in a year and sought regularisation of his service through a writ petition. The Guwahati High Court allowed the petition, holding that the employer bore the burden of proving the contrary. ONGC appealed, arguing …
The appellants, employees of the Haryana State Federation of Consumers Co‑operative Wholesales Stores Ltd (CONFED), were retrenched under Section 25‑F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. They challenged the retrenchment, contending that Section 25‑N, which applies to industrial establishments, …
The Punjab State Electricity Board appointed the respondent as a daily‑wage peon for a series of specific, conditional periods, ending when a regular employee was hired. After the appointment ended in June 1989, the respondent filed a demand for reinstatement in 1997; the Labour Court ordered …
Kishore Chandra Samal was repeatedly appointed as a junior typist on a daily wage (N.M.R.) basis for specific fixed periods by the Orissa State Cashew Development Corporation. After the last fixed-term appointment expired on 3 May 1989, no further extension was given and his service automatically …
ANZ Grindlays Bank (now Standard Chartered) entered into a settlement with the All India Grindlays Bank Employees Association, representing the majority of its award staff, under Section 18(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The All India Grindlays Bank Employees Federation, representing …
The appellant, a daily‑wage worker appointed on 26‑Nov‑1988, was terminated on 20‑Jun‑1994 and claimed that he had worked continuously for more than 240 days in the preceding year, invoking section 25‑F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The labour court held him to be a workman, found that he …
The Su... District Panchayat terminated the services of workman D. Amarsinh, who claimed he had been employed for over ten years and that his dismissal violated the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Panchayat argued that the workman had not completed the statutory 240 days of service in the twelve …
The case concerned whether the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board could alter pension benefits of its employees without formally amending the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board Liberalised Pension Regulations, 1960. The Board had relied on a settlement clause to bypass the 15‑day notice under Section 9A of the …
The workman, Sowaran Singh, claimed he was a regular employee of Batalá Cooperative Sugar Mills Ltd. from April 1986 and that his termination on 12 February 1994 was illegal, seeking reinstatement and back wages. The employer contended that Singh was engaged on a casual, seasonal basis for a …
The dispute concerned a reference under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 involving transport employers and workmen who had entered into settlements during the pendency of the industrial tribunal proceedings. The tribunal rejected the settlements, deeming them unfair and fixing what it called "fair …
The dispute concerned seniority of Air India co‑pilots: whether it should be based on the date a pilot obtained an Air Lines Transport Pilot (ALTP) licence or on the date of entry as a co‑pilot with only a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL). The ‘Adhikari group’ (ex‑IAF/Navy pilots with ALTP) challenged …
Brijpal Singh was appointed as a seasonal clerk on a temporary basis and his services were terminated on 3 July 1987. He obtained a stay of the termination order from the Allahabad High Court but did not resume work. Six years later, relying on the stay, he filed an application under Section 33C(2) …
The Supreme Court examined whether directors of Jiyajirao Cotton Mills Ltd., a company that owned factories, could be held personally liable for unpaid wages under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 as amended by the Madhya Pradesh Industrial Relations Act, 1960. The Court held that the Act does not …
The appellant, U.P. State Spinning Co. Ltd., challenged a Allahabad High Court order that quashed the dismissal of workmen R.S. Pandey and another on the ground that the dismissal was effected before receipt of the show‑cause reply. The High Court had entertained a writ petition under Article 226 …
The workman, Mohd Shafiq Khan, participated in a strike on 2 May 1980 and was suspended along with two co‑workers, Chunnu and Vakil. While the latter two accepted the charges, tendered unqualified apologies and were subsequently released without further action, Khan contested the charges and did not …
The Central Government Industrial Tribunal awarded a customary bonus to State Bank of India employees, which the bank’s management challenged. While the award was pending, Parliament enacted the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, inserting provisions in the State Bank Act and related statutes that …
V. Ramana, a conductor with the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, was removed from service for failing to issue tickets, collect fares and maintain records. He challenged the removal by filing a writ petition, which was upheld by the Andhra Pradesh High Court. On appeal, he argued …
The respondent, Zakir Hussain, was appointed as a daily‑wage conductor on a two‑year probation and was terminated for unsatisfactory performance without any enquiry. He appealed to the departmental authority, which dismissed his grievance, and then filed a suit in a civil court seeking a declaration …
The employer, Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd., withdrew a construction allowance previously paid to employees at the Vizag steel plant and the employees' union filed a writ petition under Article 226 alleging violation of Section 9A of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Andhra Pradesh …
The Supreme Court examined whether a private employer could be subjected to a writ of mandamus under Article 226 of the Constitution for terminating employees under a contractual clause. The Court held that mandamus is a public‑law remedy and is available only when the body performs a public …
Employees of the departmental canteen of Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. were terminated and challenged the termination before the Central Government Industrial Tribunal (CGIT), which reinstated them. The Bombay High Court division bench held that, because the canteen posts were civil posts under a …
Employees of Gnanambigai Mills Ltd demanded a wage increase, and the dispute was referred to a Special Tribunal. The Tamil Nadu Government, invoking Section 10‑B of the Industrial Disputes Act, issued orders on 15 July 1985 and 29 July 1985 directing the employer to make interim payments to the …
The respondent, Rudhan Singh, was employed on a daily‑wage, class IV basis by Haryana Roadways from 16 March 1988 to 28 February 1989 with intermittent breaks. His services were terminated without notice or retrenchment compensation and he later demanded reinstatement. The State Government referred …
The Supreme Court was asked to resolve a conflict between two earlier decisions on whether the 'social forestry' department and similar welfare activities fall within the definition of "industry" under Section 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The conflict arose from differing …
Viveka Nand Sethi, a cashier‑clerk of Jammu & Kashmir Bank, failed to resume duties after his leave expired and did not submit a proper medical‑leave application with a valid certificate despite repeated notices and memoranda. The Bank invoked clause 2 of the bipartite settlement (voluntary …
The appellants, workers employed in a statutory canteen of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) at Haldia, were engaged through a contractor. They sought a writ directing IOCL to absorb and regularise them, arguing that the canteen is a statutory requirement under the Factories Act and that IOCL …
The Kapra Mazdoor Ekta Union challenged the Industrial Tribunal’s recall of its award dated 12 June 1987, which was based on a settlement reached on 17 May 1983 during conciliation proceedings. The union filed an application for recall on 7 September 1987, two days before the award became …
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) terminated a group of temporary workers known as "Ticca Mazdoors" who had been employed between 1980 and 1982 after alleging they produced forged certificates; they were later acquitted in criminal trials. In 1987‑88 they sought re‑employment, were refused, and raised …
The employee, a muster‑roll labourer, assaulted his superior officer with a tension screw, causing a broken nose, and then remained absent without permission for three weeks. A domestic enquiry proved the misconduct and the employer dismissed him. The Labour Court set aside the dismissal as …
Neelam was appointed on an ad‑hoc basis as a typist with Haryana State Cooperative Land Development Bank from January 1985 until May 1986, after which she joined the Haryana Urban Development Authority. Following a successful industrial dispute by similarly situated employees, she filed a writ …
The appellant, Management of M/s. Sonepat Co‑operative Sugar Mills Ltd., terminated the services of Ajit Singh, who was employed as a Legal Assistant. Singh claimed that he was a "workman" under Section 2(s) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and sought reinstatement with back wages. The Labour …
The Supreme Court examined whether an employer could close an industrial undertaking and retrench workmen without obtaining prior permission from the appropriate Government, and whether a settlement reached between the parties could override the statutory requirements of Sections 25‑N and 25‑0 of …
J.H. Jadhav, an employee of Forbes Gokak Ltd., was denied a promotion and raised an industrial dispute, claiming that the Gokak Mills Staff Union had espoused his cause. The Industrial Tribunal, after examining oral and documentary evidence, held that the dispute was industrial because the Union, …
The respondents were workmen of Maruti Ltd whose employment ended in 1977 due to the closure of the factory. After the Maruti Limited (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 transferred the company's assets to the Central Government and then to the appellant company, the workmen claimed …
A bus driven by the respondent crashed, killing seven passengers. The employer dismissed the driver after a domestic enquiry and sought approval of the dismissal under Section 33(2)(b) of the Industrial Disputes Act. The Industrial Tribunal refused approval, holding that the enquiry was flawed …
The Division Manager, Plantation Division, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (the appellant) dismissed eight workmen for alleged misconduct after an ex‑parte domestic enquiry, as the workmen failed to attend the enquiry. The workmen raised an industrial dispute before the Labour Court, which ordered their …
The Supreme Court examined whether apprentices appointed under the Apprentices Act, 1961 become "workmen" under the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and whether the requirement in Section 4(4) of the Apprentices Act to send the contract to the Apprenticeship …
The respondents, employed as daily‑wage engineers under a government scheme, were terminated in 1996 and filed writ petitions seeking regularisation, a direction not to discontinue their services and arrears of salary. The Karnataka High Court dismissed the writ petitions, finding that their …
The employee, Hans Raj, had received a full and final settlement from Sangham Tape Company but later filed a reference petition before the Labour Court seeking reinstatement and back wages. The Labour Court passed an ex‑parte award on 5 February 1996. The employer applied to set aside the award, but …
Jagir Singh, a driver with Punjab Roadways, was absent without leave for about three months in 1979. The State sent a registered notice and published a newspaper notice urging him to report, but he failed to do so, leading to termination of his services on 3 August 1979. The workman sought …
Bhagwan Das, a daily‑wages worker, claimed that he was employed continuously from 1 March 1990 to 15 July 1992 and that his termination amounted to retrenchment under Sections 25(F), (G) and (H) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, which require at least 240 days of work in the preceding twelve …
The appellant, Mukesh K. Tripathi, was appointed as an Apprentice Development Officer in LIC and was terminated during his apprenticeship without notice. He claimed that his dismissal violated Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, arguing that he was a "workman" within the meaning of …
The respondent, Siri Niwas, claimed that he had worked for more than 240 days in the twelve months preceding his termination by the Municipal Corporation, Faridabad, and therefore his retrenchment was illegal under Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Industrial Tribunal found that …
Krishna Bahadur, a messenger‑cum‑bearer, was dismissed for disciplinary misconduct, reinstated by an Industrial Tribunal, and then retrenched within a month with a modest compensation. The trade union challenged the retrenchment on the ground that the employer had not complied with the mandatory …
The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) dismissed several conductors, including Sardar Singh, for long periods of unauthorized absence, invoking Paragraphs 4(ii) and 19(h) of the Delhi Road Transport Authority (Conditions of Appointment and Service) Regulations, 1952. The employees sought approval of …
The respondent, Shyam Lal, a conductor for Delhi Transport Corporation, was found to have collected fare without issuing tickets and, after departmental proceedings, admitted his guilt and was removed from service. The employer sought approval of the removal under Section 33(2)(b) of the Industrial …
The Karnataka High Court stayed the operation of an order of reference that had sent certain work‑men’s disputes to the Industrial Tribunal. While the stay was in force, the employer dismissed the work‑men for serious misconduct and the work‑men filed a complaint under Section 33A of the Industrial …
The case concerned a dispute over the retirement age of employees of the Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board. The Board, under Section 79(c) of the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, reduced the retirement age to 58 years by a notification dated 26‑December‑2000, overturning an earlier agreement (dated …
Sanwar Mal, a former Class‑IV employee of UCO Bank who resigned in 1988, sought to join the bank's Employees' Pension Scheme introduced in 1995 under a 1993 settlement. The bank refused, invoking Regulation 22 which disqualifies any employee who has resigned, been dismissed or removed from pension …
Mukand Ltd. entered into several settlements with the Mukand Staff and Officers' Association, asserting that many of its employees were not "workmen" under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. A dispute was referred to an Industrial Tribunal, which awarded wage increases and other benefits to both …
The U.P. State Bridge Corporation Ltd. terminated the services of 168 muster‑roll employees after they remained absent for more than ten consecutive days, invoking Clause L‑2.12 of its Certified Standing Orders. The employees, represented by a union, filed writ petitions under Article 226 …
The case concerned 407 porters and graders employed at the marketing yards of Nilgiri Cooperative Marketing Society Ltd., who claimed permanency and other benefits, alleging they were workmen of the Society. The State referred the dispute to the Industrial Tribunal to decide whether their …
The landlord filed an eviction suit on 5 September 1994 under Section 11(1)(d) of the Bihar Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control Act, 1982, alleging the tenant’s default in rent for months that fell more than three years before the suit. The tenant contended that the suit was barred because …
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) recruited conductors on a daily‑wage basis and later regularized them, counting seniority from the date of regularization. The conductors filed writ petitions under Article 226 seeking to have their regular appointment deemed effective …
A teacher employed by a municipal school sought gratuity under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, but the Gujarat High Court held that teachers are not "employees" within the meaning of section 2(e) and dismissed the claim. The Ahmedabad Private Primary Teachers' Association appealed, arguing that …
Pearlite Liners Pvt Ltd. transferred the respondent, a trainee accountant later promoted, from its head office to a sales office. The employee refused to comply, was absent, and a chargesheet was issued. She filed a suit seeking a declaration that the transfer order was void, that she remained in …
The respondent, a clerk of Andhra Bank, was suspended pending departmental action and later faced criminal charges under Sections 409 and 436 of the Indian Penal Code. He was convicted by a trial court but acquitted on appeal; however, a departmental enquiry continued for several years, culminating …
R.R. Samanta was appointed as a Badli Subordinate Staff/Sepoy in the Bank of India and worked for about 492 days before being asked to stop. He filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution seeking direction for his absorption as a regular employee. The High Court Single Judge allowed …
The workmen of Bajaj Auto Ltd. alleged that the company employed a rotation system of temporary workers to avoid granting permanency after 240 days of uninterrupted service, invoking Rule 4C of the Model Standing Orders. The Industrial Court found unfair labour practices under Item 6 of Schedule IV …
Hindalco Industries Ltd, a public limited company engaged in bauxite mining, was ordered by the Divisional Forest Officer to stop mining in forest land and to submit maps and records. The company declared a lay‑off on 31 July 1993 and closed the mine on 19 August 1993. It applied for permission to …
Smt. Rukma, an employee of Mis. Neeraj Tising Industry, was dismissed on 20 December 1989 for alleged misconduct without any domestic inquiry. The employer led evidence before the Labour Court under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, which found the charges proved and awarded against the …
The respondent, a temporary instructor, was absent from work and later denied re‑employment by the appellant. He filed a writ petition in the Madras High Court seeking reinstatement and regularisation, which was dismissed along with his appeal. Subsequently, he raised an industrial dispute before …
The appellants, a workers' union, challenged a complaint filed under the Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions and Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices Act, 1971, arguing that the employer‑employee relationship with the principal employer was disputed and should be decided under the Industrial …
The employer, M/s. U.P. Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., terminated 29 workmen on the ground that they were casual and there was no work, without the workmen having completed 240 days in the 12 months preceding termination. The labour court held they were not entitled to protection under Section …
National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. (NTPC), a public sector undertaking, was statutorily obligated under Section 46 of the Factories Act, 1948 to provide a canteen for its employees. The canteen was operated by contractors, employing about 54 workers. The workers filed a writ petition seeking …
The dispute concerned the retirement age and service conditions of air hostesses employed by Air India and Indian Airlines, who under various agreements were required to retire from flying duties at age 50 (later 45/50) with the option of ground duties up to age 58, while male cabin crew could serve …
The appellant was engaged as a daily‑wage worker under the Jawahar Rozgar Yojna, a temporary employment scheme, initially for 100 days and subsequently extended, completing a total of 240 days. The post he occupied was later abolished due to lack of funds, and his services were terminated. He filed …
Awaz Prakashan Private Ltd closed its newspaper and retrenched reporter P.K. Pujari on 1 July 1989. The reporter claimed the retrenchment violated the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and obtained a Labour Court award for reinstatement with back wages. The employer later challenged the award, arguing …
The petitioners, a group of casual workmen employed by the Telecom Department for a temporary cable‑laying project, were terminated when the project ended in 1986‑87. They sought reinstatement, continuity of service and back wages, arguing that their termination fell under sub‑clause (bb) of Section …
The appellants, daily‑wage project employees, challenged their retrenchment by the State of Bihar, arguing that the notices issued under Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 did not accompany the required compensation and that the compensation was not paid directly to them. The State …
The workmen of Rourkela Steel Plant, represented by Rourkela Shramik Sangh, sought regularisation of their services through a writ petition, invoking the Supreme Court's earlier directions that disputes on identification of eligible workmen be referred to the Chief Labour Commissioner (CLC). The …
The landlord filed an eviction suit against the tenants under the Bihar Buildings (Lease, Rent & Eviction) Control Act alleging default in rent payment. The trial court dismissed the suit, but the first appellate court reversed that decision and decreed eviction for default. The second appellate …
The respondent, a conductor employed by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, was removed from service for two periods of unauthorized absence in 1982 and 1992. He raised a dispute under Section 2(A)(2) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the Labour Court reinstated him with …
The respondent, a helper employed from 1 July 1990 to 26 February 1991, was terminated for unsatisfactory work. Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 protects a workman only if he has completed at least 240 days of service in the preceding 12 months. The Labour Court held that the workman …
The petitioners, who were daily‑wage/N.M.R. workers in various Orissa government projects, filed writ petitions seeking regularisation of their services and equal pay with regular staff on the ground that they performed the same duties, invoking Article 14 of the Constitution. The Orissa High Court …
The workman, Tapan Kumar Bhattacharya, assaulted his supervisor in 1980, was suspended, found guilty of major misconduct in a departmental enquiry and dismissed. The employer sought approval of the dismissal under Section 33(2)(b) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and the Industrial Tribunal …
The Haryana State F.C.C.W. Store Ltd. engaged two individuals as watchmen/chowkidars on a daily-wage contract for a specific purpose—watching grain stock stored in an open area—and for a defined period of three months or until the stock was cleared. After the stock was disposed of, the respondents …
Shree Gajanan Maharaj Sansthan, a charitable trust, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a mandamus directing the Union of India to fix a date for bringing Section 2(c) of the Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act, 1982 into force, which would exclude charitable organisations from the …
The Supreme Court examined the 1993 Department of Personnel and Training scheme that confers "temporary" status on casual labourers. It held that the scheme is a one‑time programme applicable only to those who were employed on the scheme's commencement date and who have completed at least one year …
Sharad Kumar, employed as an Area Sales Executive, was terminated without a show‑cause notice or enquiry. The dispute was referred to conciliation, and the Delhi Government refused to refer it to an Industrial Tribunal or Labour Court, stating that Kumar was not a "workman" under Section 2(s) of the …
Workmen of the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation were dismissed and filed a civil suit in the City Civil Court challenging the termination. The civil court dismissed the suit for lack of jurisdiction, and the Gujarat High Court affirmed that the dispute falls within the ambit of the Industrial …
The case concerned a Platinum Jubilee Pension Scheme introduced by ITC Ltd., whose eligibility was limited to employees retiring on or after 24‑August‑1986 as per a settlement reached under Section 12(3) of the Industrial Disputes Act during conciliation proceedings. Retired workers who left before …
The Supreme Court examined the dismissal of Ram Gopal Sharma by Jaipur Zila Sahakari Bhoomi Vikas Bank Ltd while an industrial dispute was pending. The employer had filed an application for approval of the dismissal under the proviso to Section 33(2)(b) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, but the …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of the amended Section 25‑0 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (and the identical Section 6‑W of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act) which governs the closure of large industrial undertakings. The Court considered whether the procedural and …
MIS Mysore Structurals Ltd. terminated three workmen, prompting an industrial dispute. The Labour Court awarded reinstatement with back wages, an award that became final but was not implemented by the company. The workers' union sought and obtained sanction under Section 34 of the Industrial …
The appellant, K.D. Dewan, had occupied a residential premises in Chandigarh since 1965, initially paying rent to the father of the respondent and thereafter to the respondent, Harbhajan S. Parihar. The respondent filed an eviction application under Section 13(3)(a) of the East Punjab Urban Rent …
During BIFR proceedings, the Andhra Pradesh Government placed 1,486 surplus employees of Hyderabad Allwyn Ltd. in various government departments and super‑numerary posts, a scheme later sanctioned by BIFR in 1994. Subsequently, the State enacted an ordinance and the 1997 Andhra Pradesh Absorption …
Hussan Mithu Mhasvadkar, employed as an Inspector in the Bombay Iron & Steel Labour Board, was placed on probation and terminated after 21 months. He claimed that he was a "workman" under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and that the Board constituted an "industry", making him entitled to the Act's …
The Supreme Court examined three questions: the meaning of "appropriate Government" under the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970; the validity of the Central Government's 9 December 1976 notification prohibiting contract labour in Central Government companies; and whether such a …
The Bharat Bhawan Trust, a statutory body created to promote art and culture, engaged a group of artists for drama production and theatre management. The artists later raised a dispute before the Labour Court, to which the Trust objected on the preliminary ground that it was not an "industry" and …
S.K. Pandit, a clerk dismissed in 1975, claimed his termination was illegal and raised an industrial dispute. Ten other workmen, represented by a union, had earlier raised a similar dispute which was referred to an Industrial Tribunal and resulted in an award. The Board assured Pandit that any …
The case involved daily‑wage labourers employed by several Maharashtra agricultural universities who claimed permanency, wage scales, and other benefits. An industrial tribunal awarded increased daily wages and certain benefits but denied permanency; the award was not challenged. The universities, …
Harmohinder Singh was appointed as a temporary employee of Kharga Canteen in 1974 under standing orders that allowed termination on one month's notice. In 1988 the canteen amended its standing orders to impose a maximum service period of 15 years and an age limit of 60, and terminated Singh's …
The respondent, a former personal driver of Dena Bank's regional manager, claimed to be a workman and obtained a Labour Court award for reinstatement with back wages. Dena Bank challenged the award in the Allahabad High Court, which stayed the award on the condition that the bank reinstate the …
The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation dismissed a junior superintendent after a departmental inquiry and sought approval of the dismissal under Section 33(2)(b) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Labour Tribunal rejected the application on merit, finding no prima facie case for …
The employee was dismissed after a domestic enquiry which the Labour Court held to be invalid. The employer then sought permission to adduce fresh evidence to justify the dismissal, but did so only after the preliminary issue on the enquiry's validity had been decided. The High Court dismissed the …
Workmen employed by Bank of India at various collection centres and clearing houses claimed entitlement to a special assistant allowance under the Industrial Disputes Act. The Industrial Tribunal held that the workmen were entitled to the allowance for the days they worked at the centres and ordered …
Four workmen alleged that they were employed at Ramkanali Colliery before the coal mines were nationalised on 1 May 1973 and that they were unlawfully stopped from work. The management contended that the workmen were not employees on the appointed date and that the amendment substituting Section 14 …
The workmen of a coking coal colliery were retrenched in June 1971 before the mine was taken over by the Central Government and nationalised under the Coking Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, 1972. After nationalisation, the new management, Bharat Coking Coal Ltd., refused to re‑employ the 111 …
The Supreme Court examined an appeal arising from the closure of a data processing division of a computer services company. The central question was whether the activities of data processing and software preparation constitute a "manufacturing process" under Section 2(k) of the Factories Act, 1948, …
The mining company Damodar Mangalji & Co. challenged a 1977 notification issued by the Government of Goa, Daman & Diu under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, arguing that the Act should not apply to mining establishments because the term "mine" should be limited to the ore‑extraction site …
Cipla Ltd employed cleaning staff through a contractor and routinely terminated them after eleven months to avoid granting permanent status. The Maharashtra General Kamgar Union filed a complaint under Section 28 of the Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions & Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices …
The Indian Banks Association and several nationalised banks challenged an Industrial Tribunal award that classified deposit collectors and commission agents as workmen under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and ordered back wages, gratuity and other benefits. The banks argued that the collectors …
The transport wing of Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam (TTD) was transferred to the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) in 1975. Some of the 850 transferred workmen opted to be governed by APSRTC’s rules, while others did not. The workers’ union claimed that, under Clause 13 of the …
The River Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., operating a river service with about 8,000 employees, suffered heavy losses during the 1965 armed conflict with Pakistan and entered into a scheme of arrangement with the Central Inland Water Transport Corporation (CIWTC) that transferred assets but not the …
The case arose from writ petitions under Article 32 seeking pay parity for employees of South Malabar Gramin Bank (a Regional Rural Bank) with employees of nationalised commercial banks. A National Industrial Tribunal, chaired by Justice S. Obul Reddi, awarded parity based on the 4th and 5th …
The employer, Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd., terminated 28 workmen, prompting a Central Government Industrial Tribunal to declare the terminations unjust and order reinstatement with 40% back wages. The employer challenged the award in the Patna High Court, where a Single Judge, on a …
The Gujarat Agricultural University, a state‑aided institution, employed daily‑wage workers such as plumbers, carpenters and sweepers. The workers claimed regularisation and benefits of permanent Class IV employees after completing ten years of service, invoking Section 10(1)(c) of the Industrial …
The National Textile Corporation (APKKM) Ltd. entered into a five‑year settlement with its ministerial staff that barred any claim for revision of terms, while a separate settlement with workmen introduced a seven‑day work week and higher emoluments. The ministerial staff later raised an industrial …
In 1971 a labour dispute arose at Amalgamated Electricity Co. Ltd., where some workers abstained from work and were denied re‑employment when the company resumed operations. After the Karnataka Electricity Undertaking (Acquisition) Act, 1974, the Karnataka Electricity Board (the appellant) took over …
JK Synthtics Ltd. laid off its workers in 1983 due to a total power cut and subsequently terminated 1,164 workers and retrenched 1,201 workers, prompting the Rajasthan Trade Union Kendra to challenge the terminations before the High Court and an Industrial Tribunal. The Tribunal, after a secret …
Ruth Soren, a former employee of an educational institution, was terminated and filed an application under Section 26(2) of the Bihar Shops and Establishments Act, 1953 before the Labour Court seeking reinstatement. The Labour Court ordered her reinstatement, but the institution appealed, contending …
The petitioner, a judicial officer of the Haryana Judicial Service, was transferred by the High Court in 1997 to serve as Presiding Officer of an Industrial Tribunal‑cum‑Labour Court. He argued that, under Section 7‑C of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, he could remain in that post until the age …
The Central Government referred a dispute under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 to an Industrial Tribunal to determine whether the termination of 26 State Bank of India employees was justified and what relief they were entitled to. The Tribunal awarded reinstatement but was silent on …
The workman Prahlad Singh was granted leave from 1 July to 20 September 1974 and failed to resume duty. The company terminated his employment on 8 October 1974 under its standing orders, which stipulated loss of lien for over‑stay of leave. Singh raised an industrial dispute before the Central …
The employer, Post‑Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, terminated Raj Kumar after he had completed 240 days of service. The Labour Court held the termination illegal, ordered reinstatement with continuity of service and awarded only 60% of back wages, exercising its discretion …
During an industrial dispute, two employees were transferred and terminated and filed a complaint under Section 33‑A of the Industrial Disputes Act, alleging that the employer had not complied with the procedural safeguards of Section 33. The Industrial Tribunal awarded that the terminations were …
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee, created under the Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1966, terminated several temporary employees, prompting the Labour Court to order their reinstatement. The Committee challenged the Labour Court’s jurisdiction, arguing that it was …
The Karnataka Co-operative Society dismissed four employees for breach of trust and misappropriation of goods amounting to about Rs. 24,000. The employees' union raised an industrial dispute, and the Labour Court, after finding the charges proved, exercised its discretion under Section 11‑A of the …
The appellant State Bank of India dismissed its Head Cashier, T. Arun Kumar Banerjee, after a domestic enquiry found him guilty of misappropriating Rs.1,000 received in excess from a customer. The Central Industrial Tribunal set aside the dismissal, relying on the non‑examination of the customer, …
The appellant company terminated several workmen in 1985 and later closed its factory in 1988‑89, terminating seven additional workmen. A settlement agreement was executed on 19 October 1989 between the company and the trade union, covering disputes of the seven workmen terminated due to the …
The respondent, Virendra Kumar Sharma, worked as an apprentice for CIMMCO Wagon Factory and received a stipend of Rs.250 per month, with a contractual clause stating the company had no obligation to employ him after training. No appointment letter or salary was ever paid, and letters recommending …
Harbans Lal, a clerk-cum-cashier of State Bank of India, was suspended on 29 November 1990 pending a departmental enquiry into alleged misconduct. He filed writ petitions under Article 226 seeking payment of full salary during the suspension, invoking the Sastry Award as adopted by the bank. The …
The case concerns D.K. Dayananda, a clerk of Syndicate Bank, who was absent from duty for more than 90 consecutive days. The Bank issued a show‑cause notice under Clause 16 of the Bipartite Settlement, which was returned as "refused"; the employee neither responded nor reported for duty, leading the …
The State Bank of India (SBI) was challenged by its Canteen Employees' Union, which claimed that canteen staff employed by Local Implementation Committees (LIC) under SBI's welfare scheme were de facto SBI employees and should be absorbed. The Industrial Tribunal held there was no employer‑employee …
The Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) provided a staff canteen from 1973, initially through a contractor and later via a co‑operative society run by bank employees. The bank supplied premises, equipment, subsidies and other support, while the canteen workers were paid from these funds. When the canteen was …
Nar Singh Pal, a casual labourer who had acquired temporary status in the Telecom Department, was terminated in May 1992 on the basis of alleged assault and pending criminal charges under the IPC. The termination was effected by paying retrenchment compensation without a regular departmental …
The U.P. State Road Transport Corporation removed driver Subhash Chandra Sharma from service for a serious misconduct involving intimidation of an assistant cashier while intoxicated. The Labour Court, after finding the departmental inquiry valid, substituted the removal with a lesser penalty of one …
The appellant, Whirlpool of India Ltd., paid its workers a quarterly production incentive under a scheme in addition to normal wages. The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) treated these incentives as "wages" under Section 2(22) of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 and demanded …
Female workers employed on a daily‑wage muster roll by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi were denied maternity benefits that regular female employees received. The Industrial Tribunal held that these workers were entitled to the benefits under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 and directed the …
The State of West Bengal purchased Mayurakshi Cotton Mills after liquidation and re‑employed many of the former workers. Management issued a lock‑out in August 1992, which was challenged by a writ petition; the lock‑out was later withdrawn following a settlement dated 27 February 1993 that …
Ajit Kumar Barat, a Joint Secretary of the Indian Tea Association, was dismissed for refusing a transfer. He sought relief under Section 12 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and a failure report recommended that the dispute over whether he was a "workman" be referred to an industrial tribunal. …
The respondent, a clerk of Nedungadi Bank Ltd., was dismissed in 1972 for misappropriation of funds following a disciplinary inquiry. After about seven years he sought reinstatement, alleging discrimination because two other dismissed employees had been reinstated, and applied to the Central …
Madan Pal Singh, a daily‑wage work agent employed by the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) from July 1982 to August 1986, filed a dispute after his services were terminated. In his conciliation application he mistakenly wrote his name as Madan Lal, and the State of U.P. issued a …
The Delhi Municipal Corporation (MCD) terminated the services of Prem Chand Gupta, a temporary Section Officer, on 29 April 1966 after he had served continuously for more than 240 days in a calendar year. Gupta raised an industrial dispute; the Labour Court and a High Court Single Judge held the …
National Engineering Industries Ltd. (employer) had three unions: a recognised majority Labour Union, a Staff Union and a minority Workers' Union. A tripartite settlement was reached in conciliation proceedings with the Labour and Staff unions covering most demands, and the Workers' Union also …
The appellants, employees of Swatantra Bharat Mill, were charged and suspended in 1986 while an industrial dispute was pending before the Industrial Tribunal. The management filed an application under Section 33(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, seeking permission to dismiss the employees …
The workmen employed in the statutory canteen of Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. filed a writ petition seeking declaration that they were regular employees of the corporation and were entitled to regularisation, pay scales and arrears. The Bombay High Court held that, relying on Parimal …
Lokmat Newspapers introduced photo‑type composing machines, rendering hand‑composing workers surplus. It issued a notice under Section 9‑A of the Industrial Disputes Act on 25 March 1982, after the machines were already in operation, and initiated conciliation proceedings which were closed at 4:35 …
N.S. Giri, an Assistant Health Officer of Mangalore City Municipality, was governed by Rule 48 of the Karnataka Municipalities (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1972 which fixed the superannuation age at 55 years. An industrial dispute concerning whether the retirement age should be raised to 58 years …
Cipla Ltd. terminated medical representative Ripu Daman Bhanot after a departmental enquiry found him guilty of submitting a false daily report, a misconduct under Rule 14 of the company's service rules. The Labour Court held the termination illegal, reasoning that Bhanot was denied assistance of an …
Ajaib Singh, a workman, was terminated on 16 July 1974 and alleged that the employer failed to comply with the mandatory provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The dispute was referred to a Labour Court in 1982, which awarded reinstatement with full back wages, but the employer challenged …
H.S. Chandra Shekara Chari was dismissed by the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation in July 1988. He challenged the dismissal before the Labour Court, which held that the charges against him were not proved and ordered his reinstatement with full back wages. The respondents appealed to the …
The Haryana State Electricity Board (the Board) awarded a cleaning contract to a contractor, Kashmir Singh, who supplied 42 safai karamcharis. After the workers completed more than 240 days of service, they claimed permanent absorption under Section 10 of the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) …
The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation entered into a 1988 settlement with the KSRTC Staff and Workers Federation granting a Pay Roll Check‑Off facility for union subscriptions. Although the union’s recognition expired in July 1996, no fresh referendum was held. In May 1993 a Memorandum of …
The Supreme Court had ordered the closure of 168 industries, including Birla Textiles, and prescribed that workmen would retain continuity of service and receive full wages until the industries restarted at a new location. The management decided to relocate to Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, and issued …
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. submitted draft standing orders for certification under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. The draft was partially certified, and the clause on representation of a workman in disciplinary proceedings was left unmodified, thereby retaining the …
The appellant, Savita Chemicals Ltd., sought a declaration that a strike by the Dyes and Chemical Workers Union was illegal under Sections 24(1)(a) and 24(1)(i) of the Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions & Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices Act, 1971. The union had issued a strike notice …
The case involved 25 workmen employed by Indian Railway Construction Co. Ltd. (IRCON) on the Rihand Nagar railway line project who were served retrenchment notices in 1993 stating that most work was completed. The workmen challenged the notices, arguing that the project constituted a "factory" under …
The appellant, a clerk at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, was dismissed after a domestic enquiry that she alleged was biased and violated natural justice. The Labour Court found the enquiry to be unfair and ordered the management to lead fresh evidence on the merits, but the management relied …
The State Bank of India issued circulars in 1987 requiring any employee who wished to contest municipal council elections to give an undertaking to resign if elected. A clerk and the staff union challenged these circulars, alleging they altered the conditions of service and violated Section 9A of …
The Coir Board, a statutory body established under the Coir Industry Act, 1953, dismissed several temporary clerks and typists who claimed that their termination was governed by Chapter V‑A of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Kerala High Court held that the Board qualified as an "industry" …
The Labour Law Practitioners' Association challenged a Maharashtra Government notification appointing two Assistant Commissioners of Labour as judges of Labour Courts, alleging violation of Article 234 of the Constitution. The Bombay High Court set aside the notification, holding that Labour Courts …
Uptron India Ltd., a manufacturing concern, terminated the services of Ms. Shammi Bhan, a confirmed permanent employee, invoking clause 17(g) of its certified standing orders which provided for automatic termination if a workman overstayed leave for more than seven days. The employee challenged the …
The case concerned two plant operators (respondents 3 and 4) who were dismissed for sleeping on duty while the machine was left running. The Labour Court held that the dismissal was shockingly disproportionate and ordered reinstatement with back wages. The appellant appealed, arguing that Clause (g) …
All India Radio and Doordarshan challenged the termination and non‑regularisation of several clerical, linemen and casual workmen, contending that they are not "industries" under Section 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 because they perform sovereign functions. The Supreme Court examined …
The Bank of Thanjavur was amalgamated with Indian Bank under a Scheme of Amalgamation framed pursuant to Section 45 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The heirs of employees who died while in service of the transferor bank claimed compassionate appointments based on a 1982 settlement entered into …
The appellants, workmen of Lotus Mill, claimed full lay‑off compensation under Section 25C of the Industrial Disputes Act, arguing that a settlement reached during conciliation on 5 May 1980 – which limited compensation to 67% of the statutory amount and was signed by only four of five unions – …
The respondent, K.T. Patel, was dismissed from Dena Bank and the Central Industrial Tribunal ordered his reinstatement, which the bank challenged before the Gujarat High Court. The High Court stayed the award but required the bank to pay wages under Section 17‑B of the Industrial Disputes Act. The …
The Department of Telecom (DoT) of the Union of India appealed a High Court order that held the DoT to be an "industry" under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Supreme Court examined whether the DoT, engaged in commercial telecommunications services and not performing sovereign functions, falls …
The case involved the termination of an employee by Vishweshwaraiah Iron and Steel Ltd. without conducting a domestic enquiry. The employee challenged the termination before the labour court, which upheld the termination based on evidence later led before the Court of Reference under Section 10 of …
The respondent, appointed as a Development Officer on probation by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), was terminated on 22 May 1986 under Regulation 14(4) of the LIC Staff Regulations, which allows discharge without notice or cause during probation. He challenged the termination before the …
The Bombay Canteen Employees' Association, representing five canteen workers of the Prabhadevi Telephone Exchange, challenged their termination without notice or retrenchment compensation, seeking reinstatement and back wages under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Union of India contended that …
The Haryana Seeds Development Corporation Ltd. closed several of its seed sales units after heavy floods, resulting in the termination of several employees, including the respondents. The employees sought a reference under Section 10(1)(c) of the Industrial Disputes Act, claiming that their …
The respondent, a dairy helper, was dismissed for inflating milk supply and fat content. The domestic enquiry was held defective by the Labour Court, which then allowed both parties to present fresh evidence; the Court found the misconduct proved and the dismissal justified. The High Court altered …
Anil Bapurao Kanase, a seasonal worker in the chemistry section of Krishna Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., was terminated after the sugar crushing season ended. He claimed that the termination amounted to retrenchment under Section 25‑F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and sought a reference …
Ten workmen were employed by Sri Ganganagar Urban Co‑operative Bank in 1992 and were dismissed on 5 June 1992 without any prior notice or payment in lieu of notice. They filed an application before the Industrial Tribunal under Section 33(c‑2) of the Industrial Disputes Act seeking reinstatement …
The respondent was engaged on daily wages for a state‑run project that was closed, leading to his discharge. He filed a claim under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act seeking continuity of service and back wages. The Labour Court and the Karnataka High Court held that he was entitled to …
The respondent, who had not produced documentary proof of his date of birth, was assessed by a medical board to be about 25 years old and was allowed to retire in 1984 instead of 1980. He filed an application before the Labour Court under Section 33-C(ii) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, …
R.C. Tiwari, an employee of M.P. State Co‑operative Marketing Federation Ltd., was dismissed for misconduct. He obtained a reference under the Madhya Pradesh Societies Act, which confirmed the dismissal and became final. He then approached the Labour Court under Section 10(1) of the Industrial …
The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), a government research institute under the Department of Space, retired employee K.G. Sharma at age 58, prompting him to claim a statutory retirement age of 60 under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Labour Court held that PRL was an "industry" within the …
The petitioners, who were appointed as daily‑wage assistant, driver and peons in a cooperative training institute of the Bihar government, had their services terminated by the institute's principal. They filed a writ petition alleging that their dismissal violated Section 25F of the Industrial …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of the Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (Determination of Conditions of Service of Employees) Act, 1988 and the schemes framed under it in 1989 and 1996. The appellant union argued that Section 3 of the Act gave the Central Government unguided …
The respondent, K.G. Sangameswaran, an accountant employed by United Planters Association, was dismissed for alleged misappropriation. He appealed the dismissal under Section 41(2) of the Tamil Nadu Shops and Establishments Act, 1947, claiming that no domestic enquiry had been held. The Appellate …
The respondent, a cashier‑cum‑clerk of Rae Bareli Kshetriya Gramin Bank, was charged with forging signatures and fraudulently withdrawing Rs 28,500. An ex‑parte inquiry found him guilty, a show‑cause notice was issued, and the disciplinary authority dismissed him; the dismissal was affirmed by the …
The respondent, a senior stenographer in Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., was identified by a vigilance enquiry as the organiser of a scheme in which employees submitted forged medical certificates and bills to obtain reimbursements, causing monetary loss to the corporation. He was charge‑sheeted, …
M/s. FabriL Gasosa entered into a written settlement with the employees' union in 1986 providing for Variable Dearness Allowance (VDA). The union later gave notice of termination and issued a fresh charter of demands, but did not alter the VDA rate. The employer unilaterally froze VDA and claimed an …
The Supreme Court examined whether the Dandakaranya Project, undertaken by the Central Government for refugee rehabilitation, qualified as an "industry" under Section 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and whether the Industrial Tribunal could lawfully direct the regularisation of 425 …
The Supreme Court entertained a public‑interest writ petition filed by environmental activist M.C. Mehta alleging that emissions from coke/coal‑using industries in the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) were causing severe atmospheric pollution and damaging the Taj Mahal. Expert reports (NEERI, Varadharajan …
Kunji Raman and 36 other work‑charged employees of the Mahi Sagar Project filed a writ petition alleging that the Rajasthan Service Rules, 1951 and the Rajasthan Service (Concessions on Project) Rules, 1962/1975 were inapplicable to them, depriving them of house‑rent allowance, project allowance and …
The Air India Statutory Corporation, originally a statutory authority and later a company, employed union members as contract labour for cleaning and related services. The Central Government, as the appropriate Government under the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970, issued a 1976 …
The respondent, a conductor employed in the Baripada zone of the Orissa State Road Transport Corporation, was dismissed for misconduct while an industrial dispute involving an employee in the Bhadrak zone was pending before the Industrial Tribunal. The respondent sought relief under Section 33(1)(a) …
The Asansol Electricity Supply Co. Ltd., a licensee under the Indian Electricity Act, 1910, had its licence revoked and was compelled to sell its undertaking to the West Bengal State Electricity Board (the Board). The Board paid a purchase price and continued the employees, but offered them fresh, …
The appellant, a technician employed by Madras Fertilizers Ltd., was dismissed on 18 November 1981 after a domestic inquiry that was later held defective by the Labour Court. The Labour Court, however, allowed the employer to prove misconduct and, on its own appraisal of the evidence, upheld the …
The State of Haryana appealed against orders of the Punjab and Haryana High Court that had granted regularisation and equal‑pay relief to a group of casual water‑pump operators led by Dharampal. The workers claimed that, on the principle of equal pay for equal work, they were entitled to be …
The Lt. Governor of Delhi authorized Raj Kumar Gupta, Patron of a workers' union, to file a complaint under Section 34 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 against the employer for alleged unfair labour practices punishable under Section 25‑U. The employer challenged the order, and the Delhi High …
The appellants, employees of the Steel Authority of India, claimed they were illegally denied promotion to the post of E‑1 despite their juniors being promoted, alleging a violation of Article 16 of the Constitution and that the promotion rules altered their conditions of service under Section 33‑A …
The case concerned five public‑sector undertakings whose workmen had gone on an illegal but justified strike demanding wage parity with BHEL, followed by a lock‑out declared by management. The National Industrial Tribunal awarded the workers 35% of their wages for the strike and lock‑out periods, …
The Management of Heavy Engineering Corporation appointed a doctor on an ad‑hoc six‑month contract to run a first‑aid post in shifts, supervising a male nurse, attendant, sweeper and ambulance driver. Upon completion of the contract the corporation terminated his services without giving the …
The Patiala Central Cooperative Bank and its employees' union entered into a comprehensive settlement on 28 May 1973, valid for four years, covering pay scales and dearness allowance. After the settlement expired on 31 March 1977, the bank issued a notice on 25 February 1978 under Section 19(2) of …
K.C.P. Ltd. dismissed 29 workmen after disciplinary action during a strike. The recognised trade union (respondent No.2) raised an industrial dispute under Section 2(k) of the Industrial Disputes Act on behalf of all 29 workmen and later entered into a settlement under Section 18(1) offering either …
Allahabad Bank appointed Shri Prem Singh as a temporary cashier for one day at a time through successive letters, each stating that his service would automatically terminate at the end of the day. After four days of such employment (14-17 June 1977), the bank did not offer further work. The …
The appellant, a workers' union, challenged the constitutional validity of Sections 9(2), 10(2), 12(1) and 26 of the Central India Spinning, Weaving and Manufacturing Company Limited, the Empress Mills, Nagpur (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking) Act, 1986, alleging violations of Articles 14, …
The case concerned the revision of pay scales and fringe benefits for officers and workmen of Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd. (FCI). Workmen who were promoted to the lowest officer scale before 1 January 1987 were already officers, whereas those promoted after that date were still workmen at …
