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32 judgments · newest first · showing 1–32
The Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd. (MSEDC) challenged a communication and order dated 31 March 2023 and 1 March 2023 respectively, issued by the Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission (Commission) recommending compensation of Rs.10 lakh each to the victims' heirs of a …
The petitioners, Ray Banquet and Hotels Pvt. Ltd. and another, filed a special civil application under Article 226 of the Constitution challenging the Gujarat State Human Rights Commission’s proceedings (HRC/2026/ADC/06/LEGAL-3). They alleged that the Commission failed to follow the Supreme Court’s …
The applicant, Sanu @ Rashid, was taken into custody on 14‑16 September 2025 without a formal arrest, violating Articles 21 and 22 of the Constitution and the procedural safeguards laid down in D.K. Basu’s judgments. The police failed to produce CCTV footage despite repeated orders from the Chief …
L. Muruganantham, a person with Becker Muscular Dystrophy and autism, was arrested on a false complaint and detained in Central Prison, Coimbatore. He alleged that the prison failed to provide adequate medical care, nutrition, and disability‑friendly facilities, leading to a deterioration of his …
The appellant, a lawyer, filed a public interest litigation alleging that up to 171 police encounters in Assam between 2021 and 2022 were fake and that the State had violated the procedural safeguards laid down in the People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) guidelines. The Gauhati High Court …
The Supreme Court examined the demolition of Manoj Tibrewal’s ancestral house, which had been declared part of a national‑highway widening project. The State authorities demolished the house after only a public “munadi” announcement, without any written notice, without disclosing the extent of …
The case concerned a retired Intelligence Bureau officer, Onkar Nath Dhar, who continued to occupy a government‑allotted residence after superannuation. The Delhi and Punjab & Haryana High Courts, relying on the J.L. Koul decision, allowed him to retain the accommodation on compassionate grounds, …
In Paramvir Singh Saini v. Baljit Singh & Ors., the Supreme Court revisited its earlier directions (April 3, 2018) requiring the use of photography and videography at crime scenes. The Court noted that compliance affidavits filed by 14 States and 2 Union Territories were inadequate, lacking details …
The case arose from a reference to a nine-judge bench to determine whether the right to privacy is a constitutionally protected fundamental right under the Indian Constitution, particularly in light of the Aadhaar scheme's collection of biometric data. The petitioners argued that privacy is an …
The Supreme Court entertained a public‑interest writ filed by Victim Families Association on behalf of relatives of 1,528 alleged fake‑encounter victims in Manipur, holding that third‑party petitions are maintainable where access to justice is denied. It ruled that the State must investigate alleged …
The petitioners, a group of advocates, filed a public‑interest writ under Article 32 seeking a court‑directed mechanism to curb racial discrimination against citizens from India's North‑Eastern states. Citing several media‑reported incidents and invoking Articles 15, 32 and 51A(e) of the …
The petitioners, comprising the Extra Judicial Execution Victim Families Association and a human‑rights trust, alleged that the Manipur police and Union armed forces carried out fake encounters and extra‑judicial killings of civilians, many of whom were in custody, and that no FIRs were registered. …
The Supreme Court examined petitions seeking directions to set up State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) in several states that had failed to do so under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The Court held that the word "may" in Section 21 of the Act does not make the power to constitute SHRCs …
The case concerned a dispute over 25 acres of land in Hyderabad that had been declared surplus under the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976. Roudri Co‑operative Housing Society claimed purchase of the land, while hut‑dwellers (encroachers) occupied part of it. The State Human Rights …
The petitioners, leaders of a human‑rights NGO, filed a writ of mandamus under Article 32 seeking a CBI or SIT investigation into the violent clash between Dalit and Thevar students at Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai on 12 November 2008, alleging police inaction and subsequent …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalises "carnal intercourse against the order of nature". The petitioners argued that the provision violated Articles 14, 15 and 21 of the Constitution by arbitrarily classifying "unnatural" …
Petitioners, volunteers of the Aam Aadmi Party, protested at Gokul Puri Police Station demanding registration of an FIR for an alleged rape. They allege that police rounded them up and beat them with lathis, causing injuries, and that the police’s version of a violent crowd is unsupported by video …
The Supreme Court heard a group of public‑interest writ petitions concerning the ineffective implementation of the Vishaka guidelines on sexual harassment at workplaces. The Court examined affidavits from State Governments showing that many had failed to amend the Central Civil Services (Conduct) …
Common Cause filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a mandamus directing the President of India to refer allegations against the Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission to the Supreme Court under Section 5(2) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The allegations, communicated …
The Supreme Court considered appeals by five police officials convicted for the abduction, illegal detention and murder of human‑rights activist Jaswant Singh Khalra. The trial court and High Court had found the appellants guilty based on the testimony of several witnesses, including an accomplice, …
J.S. Yadav, a District Judge, was appointed a Member of the Uttar Pradesh State Human Rights Commission for a five‑year term in 2006 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. After the 2006 amendment to the Act introduced a seven‑year experience requirement for District Judges, the State …
The petitioner, Remdeo Chauhan, was convicted of murder and sentenced to death, which was later commuted to life imprisonment by the Governor of Assam after a recommendation from the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). Relatives of the victims challenged the commutation, arguing that the NHRC …
The petitioner challenged the order of the Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission, which had found that police officials tortured the complainant's son while in custody under Section 12(a) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, and had recommended compensation. The High Court dismissed the …
A writ petition under Article 32 challenged the Governor of Assam's order commuting a death sentence to life imprisonment for the murder of four family members. The commutation was based on a recommendation from the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). The Supreme Court examined whether the NHRC …
A vacancy arose in the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and a retired Director of the CBI, a former police officer, was appointed as a member under Section 3(2)(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. The petition challenged his eligibility, arguing that police officers are …
In 1994 the CBI searched and later arrested a telecom officer, later filing a corruption charge‑sheet. The officer complained to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) alleging illegal detention and harassment. After an initial dismissal, the NHRC, treating the complaint as a review petition, …
The Supreme Court entertained a public‑interest writ petition alleging that numerous Bihar‑owned public sector undertakings had failed to pay salaries for years, leading to starvation deaths and suicides of employees and their families. The petition sought directions for payment of arrears and held …
The Supreme Court was approached by the Union of India for clarification of its earlier order directing the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) to investigate alleged mass human‑rights violations in Punjab. The NHRC raised preliminary objections, contending that Section 36(2) of the Protection …
The Supreme Court entertained a class-action writ petition filed by Vishaka and NGOs seeking enforcement of the fundamental rights of working women under Articles 14, 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constitution, prompted by a gang‑rape incident in Rajasthan. The Court held that sexual harassment of women in …
The case concerned property bequeathed by Somasundram Pillai in 1950 to his wife Sellathachi and his cousin's widow Janakathachi as maintenance. After the testator's death the widows possessed the land, but a power of attorney later alienated it, prompting a suit to declare the alienations illegal. …
The National Human Rights Commission filed a writ petition under Article 32 on behalf of about 65,000 Chakma refugees settled in Arunachal Pradesh, alleging persecution, quit notices and threats of eviction by the All Arunachal Pradesh Students Union. The Chakmas had applied for Indian citizenship …
The appellant, a Syrian Catholic (a forward caste) married a Latin Catholic fisherman (a backward class) and was appointed as a lecturer to a post reserved for Latin Catholics under Articles 15(4) and 16(4) of the Constitution. The appointment was challenged on the ground that she was not entitled …
