GANESH SHRIRANG SHEMBDEversusTHE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ANOTHER

2026:BHC-AUG:41741


                                                                    CriAppeal-244-2025
                                                    -1-

                         IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
                                    BENCH AT AURANGABAD

                                 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.244 OF 2025
                                             WITH
                              CRIMINAL APPLICATION NO.3756 OF 2026
                                       IN APEAL/244/2025

                       Ganesh s/o Shrirang Shembde
                       Age: 32 years, Occu.: Mason,
                       R/o. Kehal, Tq. Jintur, Dist. Parbhani.
                       (Presently at Central Jail, Harsul,
                       At Chh. Sambhajinagar)                           .. Appellant

                             Versus

                 1.    The State of Maharashtra
                       Through Police Station Officer
                       Jintur, Tq. Jintur, Dist. Parbhani.

                 2.    B. N. G. (Victim)
                       Through Natural Guardian
                       A.B.C. (Step-Mother)                            .. Respondents

                                                   …
                 Mr. Sudhir K. Chavan, Advocate for the appellant.
                 Mrs. Chaitali Chaudhari Kutti, APP for respondent No.1/State.
                 Mr. Shaikh Ashraf Patel, Advocate for respondent No.2.
                                                   ...

                                                 CORAM :     ABHAY S. WAGHWASE, J.
                                                 Reserved on : 09.09.2026
                                                 Pronounced on : 10.09.2026

                 JUDGMENT :-

                 1.    The appellant/convict challenges the judgment and order of

                 conviction dated 23.07.2024 passed by the learned Additional
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                   -2-

Sessions Judge, Parbhani, in Special Case No. 82 of 2022, whereby

the appellant has been held guilty of the offences punishable under

Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code [IPC] and Section 4 of the

Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act [POCSO Act].


             BRIEF FACTS OF THE PROSECUTION CASE


2.    In short, case of prosecution in trial court is that, on

03.04.2022, the victim, who was stepson of informant, a minor and a

mentally disabled child, had been to fetch his father at around 7.30

p.m. However, as he did not return and only his father came home,

victim was searched for and he was finally spotted coming out from

the bushes along with accused/appellant. On being questioned, the

victim told informant that accused removed his clothes and inserted

his penis in his private part and, thereafter, threatened to kill him. On

next day, report regarding above occurrence was lodged by PW1, on

the strength of which crime was registered, which was investigated by

PW10 and PW11 and after gathering sufficient evidence, they charge-

sheeted accused for above offence. Trial was conducted, which ended

up in conviction for above offences. Said judgment and order of

conviction is the subject matter of appeal before this Court.
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                   -3-

                             SUBMISSIONS

On behalf of appellant/original accused :-

3.       Pleading innocence and false implication, learned Counsel for

the appellant would submit that there is no convincing or legally

accepted evidence. At the outset, he questions prosecution case on

the minority of victim. He would submit that prosecution has failed

to adduce conclusive proof on the age of victim, as according to him

evidence adduced by prosecution in that regard is not as required and

contemplated by law. He pointed out that there is no birth certificate

issued by any local body, nor there is any ossification test done to

prove the age of the victim.      That, merely Transfer Certificate is

placed on record, but according to him, the same cannot be relied on

the point of age. He also took this Court through the document

Exhibit-38 and would submit that the same is ambiguous and not

clear.


4.       His next contention is that though the prosecution claims that

victim was mentally ill, according to him, there is no conclusive proof

on that point. There is no certification by medical board, certifying

mental retardation and according to him, whatever certificate is

placed on record, is admittedly, as per the certificate itself, not valid

for medico legal cases. He pointed out that author of the said
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -4-

certificate was also not examined before Trial Court by the

prosecution.   On the point of age and its degree of proof, he seeks

reliance on the judgment of Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of P.

Yuvaprakash v. State Rep. By Inspector of Police , 2023 SCC OnLine

SC 846.


5.    Learned Counsel took this Court through the cross-examination

of the victim and pointed to the admissions given by the victim. That,

he deposed whatever his mother told him to speak. Thus, according to

him, child being tutored witness, his testimony is unworthy of

credence. On this count, he relies on the judgment of Hon’ble Apex

Court in the case of Pradeep v. State of Haryana, (2023) 19 SCC 221.


6.    It is also his submission that the forensic and scientific evidence

itself falsifies the prosecution case regarding the alleged penetrative

sexual assault. On this count, he has taken this Court through the

evidence of PW4 and submitted that the said expert has admitted that

the FSL report is negative and that neither semen nor blood of the

appellant was detected on the anal swab, body smear or clothing.

According to him, clothes were duly washed before its seizure. He

also pointed out that even medico legal examination report on the

point of opinion is blank and, therefore, according to him, no final

opinion has been issued by the medical expert. He pointed out that
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                   -5-

the abrasions noticed were admitted by the expert to be possible due

to contact with a rough surface or friction. He further pointed out that

no injuries were noticed on the person of the appellant and that PW6

has admitted the same.


7.    He further submitted that there are no independent witnesses.

Very father of the victim is not examined. Further, according to him,

when the foundational facts of the case are not proved, provisions of

Sections 29 and 30 of the POCSO Act do not come into play. Lastly,

he submitted that there is no plausible explanation for delay caused in

filing the report and as testimonies of prosecution witnesses are full of

material omissions and contradictions, it is his submission that case of

prosecution ought not to have been accepted, but it having been done

by the learned Trial Court, he prays to set aside the same for above

reasons.


8.    In support of above his submissions, he seeks reliance on the

judgments of Hon’ble Apex Court in the cases of Alamelu and another

v. State represented by Inspector of Police, (2011) 2 SCC 385 and

Ramdas and others v. State of Maharashtra, (2007) 2 SCC 170.


On behalf of respondent No.1/State and respondent No.2 :-

9.    In answer to above, learned APP for respondent No.1/State as

well as learned Counsel for respondent No.2/victim both justified the
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -6-

judgment and order of conviction. According to them, prosecution

has proved that victim was below 18 years of age and, moreover, he

was mentally disabled and there to be qua documentary evidence to

that extent. They both submitted that victim’s evidence itself inspiring

confidence and on the point of occurrence, the same has remained

unshaken or unshattered. They pointed out that there is evidence of

mother/informant and other medical experts confirming the sexual

assault on the minor. That, defence of implication due to political

rivalry has no force and there being no cogent evidence in that

regard, they both reiterated that prosecution has proved the charges

beyond reasonable doubt.


       EVIDENCE BEFORE THE TRIAL COURT AND ANALYSIS


10.   After hearing above submissions, evidence adduced by

prosecution before the Trial Court has been carefully scrutinized.

There being conviction for offence under Section 4 of the POCSO Act,

as usual, it is incumbent upon the prosecution to prove the minority

of victim i.e. below 18 years of child, to hold him as a ‘child’ thereby

attracting provisions of POCSO Act.


11.   On the point of age, prosecution seems to have relied on the

testimony of PW3 i.e. Incharge Headmaster of a Residential School,
                                                     CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -7-

namely, Niwasi Matimand Shala, Jintur. After deposing regarding

completing special education, he testified that their school admits

mentally disabled students. About victim, he stated that he was

admitted on 19.06.2016 and as per the record, date of birth of victim

is 21.10.2007. He identified extract of admission register Exhibit-38.

He further deposed that he was also carrying original register for

verification and after it was duly verified by the Court, the original

seems to have been returned. Exhibit-38 is the school admission

extract and the same carries date of birth of victim as 21.10.2007.

Though prosecution has gathered school leaving certificate, in view of

the judgment of the Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of P. Yuvaprakash

(Supra), school leaving certificate cannot be said to be the document

conclusively proving the age. Likewise, even Exhibit-41, which seems

to be bona fide certificate, does not qualify for consideration on the

point of age. However, as the admission extract at Exhibit-38 is based

on the original admission register and carries the date of birth of the

victim, there is no hesitation in relying upon the same. Indeed, some

of the columns are blank, but date of birth is specifically noted as

21.10.2007. Alleged occurrence is of 03.04.2022. On such date,

apparently, the victim was below 18 years of age and hence, a ‘child’.
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                   -8-

12.   Learned Counsel for the appellant would submit that there is no

birth certificate. However, as the original admission record, on the

basis of which Exhibit-38 was drawn, was produced before the Court,

it constitutes sufficient proof of the age and, hence, can definitely be

relied upon. PW1 Mother in her report Exhibit-24 has given age of her

son as 14 years, though she did not give the date of birth. In the light

of availability of Exhibit-38, it can be said that prosecution has

discharged the burden of proving minority of the victim.


13.   Now, as regards to offence of Section 377 of IPC and Section 4

of the POCSO Act is concerned, crucial evidence is firstly that of

victim PW2 followed by that of his mother PW1, PW7 and PW8 and

that of medical expert PW4.


14.   PW2 Victim’s evidence is at Exhibit-29, wherein he deposed

that his father works in hotel. That, on that day he had gone to pick

up his father beneath the Banyan tree. There accused took him to a

thorny bushes and he inserted his private part in his private part.

That, he reported incident to one Muktabai. That, he went to police

station and hospital at Jintur and there doctor examined him. He

identified accused in the Court.

.     While under cross-examination, he answered that after going to

school, he returned in the evening. He admitted his school teacher to
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                    -9-

be present in the Court. He answered that he is able to understand

that he is in Court. He stated that today there was no holiday. That,

his mother dropped him to school from home. That, as he is unable to

understand the root, therefore, he is asked to sit till his mother comes.

He admitted that his mother told him what to speak here. He

answered that he is unable to give name of another mother. That, he

is unable to read. He denied knowing where accused resided in the

village. He flatly denied that mother showed him accused. He gave

name of his friend and that on the day of incident he was in school.

He also admitted that due to giddiness, he is unable to understand

and he takes medicine daily. He also admitted that he did not go to

hospital for checkup. He deposed that if he does not take medicine,

he suffer giddiness. Rest is all denial.


15.   Prosecution has adduced evidence of PW1 mother, who

deposed in her evidence at Exhibit-23, that son is begotten from first

wife of her husband and that he is not sound mind and he suffers

from fits and he goes to school situated at Shivadi. That, her husband

is also physically challenged both by foot as well as eyes, but he works

in a hotel and he goes at 7.00 a.m. and returns by 7.30 p.m. She

dropped her husband till the auto point. That, on that day, being

Padva festival, school teacher dropped victim son at home and on that
                                                       CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -10-

day, said son had gone to bring his father at 7.30 p.m. i.e. near the

Banyan tree, but he did not come. Her husband came, but as victim

did not return home, she herself, her sister, mother and her maternal

aunt went in his search. Accused and victim were seen coming out of

thorny bushes and on inquiry, her son told that accused removed his

clothes, inserted his penis in his private part and while her son was

shouting, he threatened to kill him. That, accused also asked victim to

wash his clothes in the river. She deposed that after reaching home,

her son was hiding himself. On next day, they lodged complaint at

police station.


.     The mother is also cross-examined, wherein she admitted that

accused resided in her neighbourhood. That, victim is son from first

wife. That, prior to the incident there was no dispute with accused.

She admitted her husband to be disabled and also admitted that

victim goes to school of mentally retarded children and he suffers

from epilepsy. In further cross-examination, she answered that as first

wife of her husband does not take care of the victim, she takes care of

the victim. She stated that he goes anywhere and is required to

search. She denied the suggestion that victim was going in the house

of accused and causing nuisance. Rest is all denial.
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -11-

16.   PW7 in her evidence at Exhibit-61, after deposing that victim is

mentally disabled and goes to school of mentally disabled children,

stated that incident happened on festival of Padva. That, victim boy

had gone to pick his father at 7.30 p.m., but he did not return and

therefore, his mother, grandmother, were searching and she too

joined them. Accused was seen in the company of victim and after

seeing them, he ran away and victim boy came weeping with clothes

in his hands and on being asked, he told that accused penetrated his

penis in his anus. On next day, report was filed.


.     Though this witness is extensively cross-examined about her

own residence, about father of victim and she and accused are

belonging to different castes, but thereafter all suggestions are denied

by this witness.


17.   PW8 seems to be the grandmother and she in her evidence at

Exhibit-62, in paragraph No.2, like PW1 and PW7 also stated that as

the victim boy, who had been to fetch his father, had not returned. He

was searched for and he was seen coming out of the bushes holding

his clothes in his hand and accused behind him. The victim came

weeping and stated that accused penetrated his penis in his anus and

thereafter, they approached police.
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -12-

.     Even in her cross-examination, except minor omission on the

point of the victim boy having a torch in his hand, nothing damaging

has been brought on record. Rather, there is a confirmation from her

that there were thick bushes at the spot. Even the manner of cross-

examination in paragraph 11 virtually confirms the occurrence.


18.   Apart from above oral account, prosecution has adduced

evidence of medical expert i.e. PW4. In deposition at Exhibit-43, on

04.04.2022, after noting history, he deposed that on his inquiry,

patient stated that there was penetration by penis in his anus. On

examination, he noticed linear abrasion at inter scapula region

admeasuring 1 x 0.2 cm and linear abrasion at anal region at 7.00

O’Clock position admeasuring 0.5 cm to 0.5 cm. In examination-in-

chief, he stated that abrasion at the anus region is possible due to

penetration by penis and he identified certificate Exhibit-45.


.     During his cross-examination, he admitted that he had

conducted medical examinations in 4–5 cases involving an offence

under Section 376 of the IPC. He further admitted that Column No.

22 of the Medico-Legal Certificate was blank and that no opinion was

expressed in Column Nos. 22 and 25. He also denied that the injury to

the anus was possible due to scratching with a hand. Rest is all denial.
                                                       CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -13-

19.   Referring to the above evidence of victim, his mother, his aunt

and grandmother, learned Counsel for the appellant would submit

that they have mere hearsay information. That, victim had admitted

that he deposed whatever his mother asked him to speak and

therefore, victim was tutored and hence, the same cannot be relied.

He also criticized the medical evidence as the medical papers are

blank and moreover, it is not proved that victim is mentally disabled

and further as the FSL report is negative, charge of prosecution does

not get proved.


20.   On re-appreciation of above discussed evidence, here, it is

noticed that informant, who is a stepmother, has categorically

deposed in the Court that, as the victim’s biological mother does not

take care, she takes care of him. She has categorically stated that

victim is mentally disabled. Here, there is evidence of school teacher

PW3, who deposed about victim to be student of their school. Exhibit-

42 is the certificate of mental retardation issued by the authorities like

Civil Surgeon and two other members certifying victim to be having

mild mental retardation. This witness PW3 while under cross-

examination has answered that he is ready to place on record

certificate of disability and in consequence to it, the same seems to

have come on record and exhibited by the learned Trial Court.
                                                        CriAppeal-244-2025
                                  -14-

Therefore, prosecution indeed has shown that victim was differently

i.e. mentally disabled person.


21.   As regards to offence of Section 377 of IPC and Section 4 of the

POCSO Act is concerned, one has to fall back on the testimony of

victim, which is discussed in aforesaid paragraph. Victim has

categorically stated that the accused penetrated his private part in his

private part. His such testimony is not rendered doubtful in spite of

facing cross-examination. There is medical evidence in the form of

PW4, who has conducted medical examination on 04.04.2022 i.e. on

the very next day of the occurrence and he has noticed abrasion

marks at anal region at 7.00 O’clock position. This witness has flatly

denied said injury to be possible by hand scratching.


22.   Consequently, there is corroboration to the victim’s testimony

from medical expert. Merely because some columns in medico legal

examination report are left blank, itself is no good ground to discard

the testimony of expert in the Trial Court.


23.   Similarly, mere no injuries on the private part of the accused on

examination by PW6 also will not render victim’s testimony before the

Court doubtful. Apart from medical evidence, there is evidence of

PW8 and PW9, who were party to the search of the victim boy, as he
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                 -15-

did not return after he had been to fetch his father. These witnesses

as well as informant PW1, to whom there was disclosure by victim, all

in unison, deposed that victim came out of the thick bushes weeping

and narrating accused penetrating his penis in his anus. Informant

has deposed about post occurrence conduct of victim at home like he

to be hiding himself.


24.   The defence set up before the Trial Court is that the appellant

was implicated due to political rivalry; however, the said defence has

not been probabilized in any manner so as to warrant its acceptance.


25.   To sum up, here prosecution has proved that victim was below

18 years of age. He was differently abled child i.e. suffering from mild

retardation. When he had been to fetch his father, he was spotted in

the thorny bushes in the company of accused and it was witnessed by

PW1, PW8 and PW9. Medical expert PW4 confirmed sexual assault

i.e. anal coitus. Hence, offence of Section 377 IPC and Section 4 of

POCSO act indeed get gravitated.


                            CONCLUSION


26.   Perused the judgment and order under challenge. Learned Trial

Court, on complete appreciation of evidence, has accepted the

prosecution case as proved beyond reasonable doubt. There being no
                                                      CriAppeal-244-2025
                                 -16-

patent perversity or illegality in the appreciation of the evidence

available on record, there is no reason for interference at the hands of

this Court. Hence, the following order is passed :-


                                ORDER


      I.    The Criminal Appeal is dismissed.


      II.   In view of dismissal of Criminal Appeal, Criminal

            Application No.3756 of 2026 also stands disposed of.



                                         [ABHAY S. WAGHWASE, J.]

scm