Bombay High Court
ANNASAHEB RAJU KALE AND OTHERSversusASHOK NAMDEO KALE
- Disposal
- DISPOSED OFF
Holding
The order refusing cross‑examination is quashed and set aside; petitioners may cross‑examine the plaintiff subject to payment of costs.
Summary
The petitioners, who were original defendants, challenged a 4 March 2015 order of the 2nd Joint Civil Judge Senior Division, Sangamner, which denied their request for cross‑examination of the plaintiff in a suit for perpetual injunction over land. They contended that the refusal violated the fundamental right to confront witnesses and procedural fairness. The trial court had dismissed an adjournment request due to a municipal council meeting and issued a “No Cross” order. The High Court held that the right to cross‑examine is essential to due process and that the trial court’s technical approach could not stand. Consequently, the order was quashed, the petitioners were allowed to cross‑examine, subject to a cost of Rs 10,000 to be deposited within two weeks, failing which the original order would be revived. The writ petition was disposed.
Issues considered
- The trial court's refusal to allow cross‑examination of the plaintiff
- Whether the right to cross‑examine is a fundamental procedural right under the CPC
- Whether the order denying cross‑examination can be set aside and costs imposed
Legislation cited
- Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 — s. Order 2 Rule 2
Subjects
- cross‑examination
- procedural fairness
- perpetual injunction
- civil suit
- writ petition
- order quashed
- costs
Judgment
2026:BHC-AUG:35131
45 WP6253.2015
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
BENCH AT AURANGABAD
WRIT PETITION NO. 6253 OF 2015
1. ANNASAHEB RAJU KALE
2. SACHIN BALASAHEB KALE
3. SANGITA ANNASAHEB KALE
4. KANTABAI BALASAHEB KALE .. Petitioners
(Orig. Defts. No.2,3,4&6)
Versus
. ASHOK NAMDEO KALE .. Respondent
(Orig. Plaintiff)
...
Advocate for the Petitioners : Mr. Ankush N. Nagargoje
Advocate for Respondent : Mr. Madhav N. Kalyane h/f. Mr.
Rajendra K. Temkar
...
CORAM : SACHIN S. DESHMUKH, J.
Date : 06.08.2026
PER COURT :-
1. The Petitioners raising an exception to Order dated
04.03.2015, rendered by the learned 2 nd Joint Civil Judge Senior
Division, Sangamner below Exhibit-62 in Regular Civil Suit
No.107 of 2009, rejecting request to conduct the cross-
examination of the Plaintiff.
45 WP6253.2015
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2. The Petitioners are Original Defendants No.2, 3, 4 & 6
and Respondent is Original Plaintiff.
3. The Plaintiff presented a suit for perpetual injunction
claiming ownership and possession of the suit land in Gat No. 507
at Pokhari Baleshwar, Sangamner, based on a registered sale
deed dated 15 February 2008, alleging subsequent obstruction
and encroachment attempts by the adjacent-landowner
Defendants. The Defendants appeared and presented written
statement denying the claims, asserting that the Plaintiff's
vendors had no valid title, the sale deed was nominal without
parting possession, and the suit was barred under Order 2 Rule 2
of the C.P.C. Following the completion of pleadings and framing of
issues, the matter was scheduled for the cross-examination of the
Plaintiff on 4 March 2015. On the scheduled date, the Trial Court
rejected an adjournment application presented by the Defendants'
advocate due to a conflicting Municipal Council meeting and
rendered "No Cross" order. Aggrieved by same, the Petitioners are
before this Court.
4. Mr. Nagargoje, learned counsel for the Petitioners
submits that the trial court has adopted technical approach and it
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will not subserve ends of justice. As such, the impugned order of
refusal to conduct the cross- examination warrants consideration
and needs to be set aside thereby permitting the Petitioners to
carry out the cross-examination of the Plaintiff in any case failure
to conduct cross-examination is inadvertent.
5. Per contra, Mr. Madhav N. Kalyane, learned counsel
for the sole Respondent supports the impugned order.
6. Upon considering the rival submissions and perusal of
the material on record it indicates that the matter was posted for
cross-examination and same was deferred in the next session,
wherein the lawyer representing the Petitioners could not attend
and eventually conduct the further cross-examination. The right
to confront and cross-examine witness is recognised as a
fundamental element of procedural fairness and due process. As
such, same cannot be tinkered.
7. As such, in the interest of justice, the impugned order
dated 04.03.2015, rendered by the 2 nd Joint Civil Judge Senior
Division, Sangamner deserves to be quashed and set aside,
accordingly, same is set aside. The Petitioner is permitted to cross
examine the Plaintiff. However, the same shall be subject to
45 WP6253.2015
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payment of costs of Rs.10,000/- to the Respondent, which is to be
deposited within a period of two (02) weeks from today with the
trial court. The same shall be condition precedent, and, if not
deposited, the order of the trial court would stand revived.
8. Accordingly, in view of above, the Writ Petition stands
disposed of.
(SACHIN S. DESHMUKH, J.)
marathe
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