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520 judgments · newest first · showing 201–400
The petitioners, appointed as instructors under the centrally funded Adult and Non‑formal Education Scheme in Haryana, were paid a fixed salary of Rs.200 per month and treated as temporary employees, while squad teachers under the State Social Education Scheme were regularised with a pay scale of …
The appellant, an Additional District and Sessions Judge on a two‑year probation, was dismissed after the High Court, relying on a vigilance inquiry and several complaints—including a Bar Association resolution—concluded his work and conduct were unsatisfactory. The appellant argued that his …
Ashok Deshmukh, a permanent officer of the Social Welfare Department, was deputed as an officiating Block Development Officer in the Panchayat and Rural Development Department in March 1983. He was repatriated to his parent department in June 1984 by an order of the Secretary, which he challenged …
The erstwhile Burmah Shell management staff pensioners filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking escalation of their pensions, arguing that the rupee's loss of value and rising cost of living warranted a hike comparable to that granted by Hindustan Petroleum Corporation, a sister concern. The …
The appellant, a retired District and Sessions Judge of the Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Service, sought the grant of super‑time scale recommended by the Selection Committee. The Full Court of the Allahabad High Court repeatedly rejected the recommendation, relying on adverse allegations made by …
The landlord sought eviction of the tenant under sections 14(1)(a) and 14(1)(b) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958, alleging that the tenant had part‑ended possession of a residential‑cum‑commercial premises by allowing his sons to run a tent‑house business there. The tenant contended that he …
Two District Munsifs of the Tamil Nadu State Judicial Service were compulsorily retired by the Madras High Court under Rule 56(d) of the Fundamental Rules. They challenged the orders under Article 226, contending that only the Governor, as the appointing authority, could retire them and that the …
The Coffee Board challenged the levy of purchase tax on coffee it received from growers under the compulsory delivery provision of the Coffee Act, 1942, arguing that the transaction was a compulsory acquisition and not a sale. The Karnataka High Court held that an element of consensuality existed, …
The Rajasthan Public Service Commission, in its 1985 recruitment for the Administrative, Police and Forest Services, required candidates to obtain at least 33% marks in the viva‑voce (interview) as a condition for selection. Several candidates who failed to meet this cut‑off challenged the provision …
The appellant, a liquor broker in Gujarat, was arrested for importing foreign liquor from Rajasthan and later detained under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti‑Social Activities Act, 1985, sub‑section 2 of s. 3, to prevent him from acting prejudicial to public order. He challenged the detention on …
The appellant, a leprosy inspector, had an illicit relationship with Jayasambal, the wife of a doctor, which was terminated after their daughter discovered it. Aggrieved, the appellant watched a violent film and later attacked Jayasambal's house, killing her and her 12‑year‑old son and grievously …
The case concerned a Rs.4,00,000 loan advanced by the assessee to his partner in a flour and oil mill partnership, which the assessee claimed was a 'Quaraza-e-Hasana'—an interest‑free goodwill loan under Muslim law—and therefore should be excluded from his wealth for tax purposes. The Wealth‑Tax …
Ram Dass, a tenant, faced eviction by four brothers who had purchased the landlord's property and claimed a bonafide need for additional accommodation under the East Punjab Rent Restrictions Act, 1949. The Rent Controller granted eviction, the appellate authority reversed it, and the High Court, …
The tenant Tej Bhan, who had attorned his tenancy to Gopinath Agrawal and later to Chhaya Gupta, refused to attorn again and challenged the landlord's title, alleging defects in the original sale to Gopinath. The Supreme Court examined whether such a denial amounted to a denial of the landlord's …
The appellant, Mohar Singh, became the exclusive owner of one of two adjacent shops after a partition of co‑owners who had originally let both shops to the tenant, Devi Charan, under a single lease. Singh sought eviction of the tenant from his shop on the ground of bona‑fide need under Section 21 of …
The respondent, a dealer manufacturing oils, applied for a recognition certificate under Section 4‑B of the U.P. Sales Tax Act, 1948 on 21‑Mar‑1969, but the certificate was issued only on 5‑Dec‑1969. Rule 25‑A(5) of the U.P. Sales Tax Rules stipulated that such a certificate would take effect from …
Satya Charan Srimani executed two trust deeds (1953 and 1959) transferring immovable property to himself and his son as trustees while reserving portions of the income for himself, his heirs and deities. After his death, the Estate Duty authorities questioned whether the properties were liable to …
The State of Haryana, having granted ten‑year mining leases for silica sand and ordinary sand to private lessees under the Mines & Minerals (Regulation & Development) Act, 1957, later terminated those leases prematurely under Section 4A, citing a request from the Central Government and the readiness …
Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. (the appellant) manufactured wheels, tyres and axles for Indian Railways, forging them and then machining and polishing to remove excess steel skin. The Revenue argued that the goods became a new commercial commodity after machining, making them liable to excise duty under …
Bazpur Co-operative Sugar Factory Ltd., a co-operative society registered under the Co-operative Societies Act, 1912, deducted Rs.5,15,863 from the price payable to its members for sugarcane under bye‑law 50 and credited the amount to a Loss Equalisation and Capital Redemption Reserve Fund. The …
A car owned by a firm was sent to Guru Govekar's workshop for electrical repairs. While the mechanic Momad Donttach was working on the vehicle, it moved and struck Miss Filomena F. Lobo, causing injuries. Lobo filed a claim under section 111-A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, seeking compensation. …
The Krishi Utpadan Mandi Samiti sought to acquire Plot No. 289 for a market yard and the State issued several notifications under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. Earlier notifications were partially quashed by the High Court, but the State later issued fresh notifications in May 1982 invoking …
The appellant, a tenant, occupied four ground‑floor rooms under the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949. The roof of one room collapsed and the tenant repaired it after obtaining permission under Section 12 of the Act. The landlord sought eviction, first on bona‑fide occupation grounds and …
Motilal Sanghi gifted Rs.1,00,000 to his four sons, who immediately invested the amounts in a partnership firm, Sanghi Brothers, in which Motilal also held an 8‑annas share. After Motilal's death, the Assistant Controller of Estate Duty held the sum chargeable under Section 10 of the Estate Duty …
Fertilizers & Chemicals Travancore Ltd entered into a 1948 agreement with the princely State of Travancore for electricity at a fixed rate, later succeeded by the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB). In 1968 KSEB raised the tariff for the appellant to Rs.200 per kW per year under Regulation 11 of …
The Karnataka Government issued an order on 30 June 1969 granting cash refunds of sales tax to new industries as an incentive, which was later limited by a 12 January 1977 order citing alleged misuse. Several industrialists who had relied on the 1969 concessions filed writ petitions claiming that …
Jain Exports (P) Ltd. and its managing director imported two consignments of refined industrial coconut oil in September 1982. The Customs Collector issued show‑cause notices alleging that industrial coconut oil was a canalised item under Appendix 9 para 5 of the Import Policy 1980‑81 and ordered …
The Supreme Court examined writ petitions filed by Tata Tea Ltd. and other tea companies challenging amendments made by the West Bengal and Kerala legislatures that sought to tax the entire income from the sale of tea grown and manufactured by the assessees. The petitioners argued that only 60% of …
The appellant, a Hindu Undivided Family, owned agricultural land that it developed into building sites and leased on 99‑year terms, receiving a premium (salami) for each lease. The Income‑Tax Officer, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Income‑Tax Appellate Tribunal held that the premiums …
The petitioners, Grade I stenographers attached to heads of the Customs and Central Excise Departments, claimed that they were paid less (Rs.550‑900) than their counterparts attached to Joint Secretaries and higher officers in the Central Secretariat (Rs.650‑1040) and alleged discrimination under …
Markandey Singh, a former Deputy Superintendent of Police in Uttar Pradesh, was absorbed into the Himachal Pradesh‑Delhi joint IPS cadre in 1963 and was allotted the year 1958 as his year of allotment. He later claimed that his officiation as Superintendent of Police while on deputation from 6 …
The appellants were charged with various offences under the Indian Penal Code and the State of Maharashtra appointed Special Public Prosecutors and Assistant Public Prosecutors for their cases under CrPC sections 24(8) and 25(1) respectively, with the remuneration to be borne by the private …
The Supreme Court examined whether Alwaye Agencies, appointed as distributor of Sodium Hydrosulphite by Travancore Cochin Chemicals Ltd., acted as an agent or a purchaser under their 1967 agreement. The assessing authority had treated certain bulk supplies, dispatched directly to consumers but …
D.N. Taneja filed a criminal contempt petition against Bhajan Lal, alleging that the latter used his position to intimidate a forest officer and interfere with a writ petition. The Punjab & Haryana High Court Single Judge dismissed the contempt application, holding that the case was not fit for the …
Bharat Steel Tubes Ltd., a registered dealer under the Punjab and Haryana sales‑tax Acts, filed returns for the years 1968‑69 to 1974‑75. The assessing authority issued notices under the respective statutes and the company complied, but later issued further notices seeking additional documents. The …
The appellants, sub‑tenants of a godown owned by the Bombay Port Trust, were served notice to vacate after their lease expired and the landlord sued for possession. The appellants claimed protection under the Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates (Control) Act, 1947, specifically sub‑section …
Associated Cement Companies Ltd. entered into a tripartite agreement to supply water, electricity and concrete a road in Shahabad, receiving a promise that its properties would not be included within municipal limits for fifteen years. The company spent Rs.2,09,459 on laying water pipelines, which …
The State of Tamil Nadu challenged the tax treatment of sales made by Dharangadhara Chemical Works Ltd. (the manufacturer) to Dharangadhara Trading Co. Ltd. (the trading company). The parties had a general agreement under which the trading company obtained orders from out‑of‑state buyers and the …
In 1958 a ten‑year lease was executed between Khaja Midhat Noor (lessor) and Latifur Rehman (lessee) with a right to sub‑lease, which was sub‑leased to Burmah Shell Oil Distributing Co. (petitioner). After the lease expired in 1968 the lessee continued to occupy the premises and pay rent …
The landlord obtained a decree for eviction of the tenant's shop, with the trial court ordering each party to bear its own costs. While the appeal was pending, the Uttar Pradesh Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972 came into force, requiring a tenant to deposit the …
The petitioner, Salim Rajmohmad Muslim, was detained under section 3(2) of the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, 1985 on 11 June 1987. He filed a representation on 15 July 1987 to both the detaining authority (Police Commissioner, Surat) and the State Government, alleging that …
The Kalyan Municipal Council levied property tax on Usha Paper Products Ltd for the years 1970-71 to 1972-73. After detecting new construction, the Council increased the rateable value of the property by a resolution on 3 October 1973 and served a notice under Section 123(1) of the Maharashtra …
All India Reporter Ltd publishes several law reports and argued that these publications are not "newspapers" within the meaning of the Working Journalists and other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) Act, 1955, and therefore its employees were not entitled to the wage benefits ordered by …
The petitioner, Chuharmal, filed an income‑tax return for AY 1974‑75 showing a total income of Rs 3,113. During a customs search in May 1973, 565 foreign watches valued at Rs 87,455 were seized from his bedroom. The Income‑Tax Officer issued notices under s.69A of the Income Tax Act to treat the …
In 1973 the Customs authorities seized 565 foreign wrist watches from the petitioner’s residence and issued a show‑cause notice under section 124 of the Customs Act. The Collector later extended the statutory six‑month period for issuing the notice under the proviso to section 110(2) and imposed a …
The Gujarat government, under section 49(2) of the Gujarat Sales Tax Act, 1969, issued notifications granting a lower sales‑tax rate to electronic goods manufactured within Gujarat while imposing a higher rate on identical goods imported from other states. Weston Elektroniks and other manufacturers …
The appellant, a former Chief Minister of Maharashtra, was prosecuted for corruption offences under the Indian Penal Code and the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Supreme Court, in an earlier order dated 16.2.1984, suo motu transferred the case from the Special Judge to the Bombay High Court for …
The petitioners challenged the University of Delhi's 1988 admission scheme for postgraduate medical courses, which, as a transitory measure, barred candidates who had completed a one‑year housemanship (seniors) from the new three‑year degree and two‑year diploma programmes and used a single common …
Appellant No.1, Laxmi Raj Shetty, was convicted of murder, robbery and house trespass and sentenced to death, while his father, Appellant No.2, Shivram Shetty, was convicted of harbouring and possessing stolen property. The prosecution relied entirely on circumstantial evidence, including the …
The petitioners, shareholders of Swadeshi Cotton Mills Co. Ltd., challenged the constitutional validity of sections 3 and 4 of the Swadeshi Cotton Mills Ltd. (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1986, alleging that the forced vesting of shares in the Central Government amounted to …
Sudha Devi sued the tenant (defendant 1) for non‑payment of rent and wrongful sub‑letting, and also sought possession against a third defendant who allegedly occupied the flat after a decree. The defendants did not appear, and an ex‑parte decree was passed based on the plaintiff’s sole witness. The …
Kashmeri Devi, the widow of a tonga driver who died in police custody, alleged that two sub‑inspectors and two constables beat her husband to death after arresting him. A complaint was filed and the case was initially registered under IPC Section 302, later converted to Section 304 and subsequently …
The dispute involved an arbitration award concerning properties mainly located in Warora, Chandrapur, with a small portion in Nagpur. The arbitrator, a resident of Nagpur, filed the award in the Nagpur Civil Court. The Civil Judge held that only the Nagpur property and the arbitrator's residence did …
Two mortgages were created in 1925 and 1928 over certain land. In a 1947 suit, the mortgagors obtained a preliminary decree for redemption and, after default, a final decree for sale, but the mortgagee never executed the sale and retained possession. In 1968 the mortgagor‑heirs filed a second suit …
The Supreme Court considered a series of civil appeals arising from dismissals of bank employees who sought relief under various State Shops and Establishments Acts. The banks argued that the Acts did not apply to them because they were "establishments under the Central Government" and thus fell …
The Supreme Court examined three appeals filed by employees of the Irrigation Departments of Punjab and Haryana who sought relief under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, after their applications were rejected by the Labour Court on the ground that the employer was not an ‘industry’. The Court …
The respondent imported a chemical known as 'Sancticizer 429' and challenged the customs duty levied on it. The Assistant Collector classified it as a polymeric plasticizer under heading 39.01/06 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975, a view upheld by the Appellate Collector. The Customs, Excise and Gold …
Lt. Colonel K.D. Gupta, a permanent commission officer, was repeatedly subjected to psychiatric examinations that led to his medical category being downgraded from Shape‑I to Shape‑II and treated as a Major, despite no formal order reducing his rank. He challenged these actions before the Supreme …
Kelvinator of India Ltd manufactures refrigerators and includes a one‑year warranty in the sale price. After the warranty expires, it offers an optional four‑year service contract for the sealed system at a charge of Rs 300‑450 per unit, which 91% of customers accept. The Assistant Collector and …
Oswal Spinning & Weaving Mills Ltd imported 58 bales of woollen rags, which Customs officials later identified as acrylic rags and confiscated under the Customs Act. The importer was offered the option to pay a redemption fine under section 125; the fine was reduced by the Board and the goods were …
The petitioners, members of the Delhi Higher Judicial Service, challenged the Delhi High Court's refusal to grant a selection grade promotion to an Additional District Judge who was directly recruited as a Scheduled Castes candidate. They claimed the High Court acted unreasonably and that …
Gopal Singh challenged a notice under the Uttar Pradesh Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1960, claiming that 12.35 acres gifted to his adult, unmarried, disabled daughter should be excluded from the ceiling calculation. The Prescribed and Appellate Authorities held that the gift was not …
The petitioner, P.N. Duda, sought initiation of contempt proceedings against former Law Minister P.S. Shiv Shankar for remarks made in a Bar Council speech that allegedly disparaged the Supreme Court. The petition also impleaded the Attorney General, Solicitor General, and a newspaper editor, …
The petitioner and respondent entered into a film distribution agreement on 19 March 1983 that contained an arbitration clause. On 11 March 1985 they executed a second agreement in which the respondent promised to pay Rs 6.5 lakhs and the petitioner would surrender his distribution rights, …
The father and son, both Vaidyas, referred their long‑standing property disputes to an arbitrator, who issued an award on 18 January 1977 which was signed by both parties and contained an endorsement that the award was agreed to and binding. The son later filed an application under section 17 of the …
The plaintiff, a former partner, sued his brothers for dissolution of a partnership and for accounts, alleging they had excluded him and falsified a partnership deed. He valued the suit at a nominal Rs.150 (Rs.50 each for declaration, accounts, and profit) and paid the corresponding court fee. The …
B.C. Bansal was arrested on 2‑4‑1987 for allegedly directing illegal foreign exchange remittances and was kept in judicial custody until 13‑4‑1987. On the same day his bail was granted, the authorities issued a detention order under Section 3(1) of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention …
Sun Industries shipped plywood panels from Calcutta to Colombo and claimed drawback under Section 75 of the Customs Act. The vessel developed engine trouble, returned, and ran aground in Indian territorial waters, after which the cargo was salvaged. The Assistant Collector and Appellate Collector …
The appellant, a workman dismissed by his employer, obtained a favourable award from the Labour Court. Before publishing the award, the Uttar Pradesh Government exercised its power under sub‑section (4) of section 6 of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 to remit the award for reconsideration, …
The petitioners, a group of PWD contractors, purchased sand, bricks and other materials for repairing public roads under contracts with the Public Works Department. The Revenue assessed purchase tax on the turnover of these materials under Section 5A(1)(a) of the Kerala General Sales Tax Act, 1963, …
The petitioners' lands were targeted for acquisition under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 through a Section 4 notification followed by a Section 6 declaration. They challenged the notification and declaration, alleging they were not heard and that the notification was issued mala fides. The …
The respondent, S.C. Jain, dealt in Tendu leaves and claimed that all his sales were confined to Uttar Pradesh, denying any inter‑state transactions. The assessing authority, relying on a transport permit (T.P. Form IV) issued by the Forest Department, levied Central Sales Tax on alleged inter‑state …
The State prosecuted Vasantraj Bhagwanji Bhatia and others for possession of primary gold under the Customs Act, 1969 (Sec. 111 read with Sec. 135); one respondent was convicted and two were acquitted. The same authorities later sought to prosecute the three respondents under the Gold (Control) Act, …
Mohan Laxman Hede (appellant) was a tenant of a shop owned by Noormohamed Adam Shaikh (respondent). After being served a notice for rent arrears, the appellant paid the arrears and thereafter deposited rent in court at irregular intervals, sometimes a few days late and sometimes in advance. The …
Bhupinder Singh, his father Sher Singh and mother Mukhtiar Kaur were convicted of murdering Bhupinder's wife Gian Kaur by administering an organophosphorus poison, motivated by dowry demands. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction of Bhupinder and Sher, acquitting Mukhtiar. On appeal, the …
Indian Oil Corporation (petitioner) sold raw petroleum coke to Indian Carbon Ltd (respondent) under three agreements that provided for shifting of coke and interest on unpaid stock. After payment default, Indian Oil obtained attachment of coke, terminated the agreements and the dispute over interest …
The appellants filed a suit in a Subordinate Court seeking a declaration of ownership over 124 acres, asserting that the Gram Sabha had no interest. The trial court transferred the suit to the Assistant Collector under Section 13B of the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961, on the …
The Union of India entered into four construction contracts with L.K. Ahuja & Co., which were completed and final bills were accepted. Later the respondent claimed a balance of Rs 1,91,137 and sought arbitration, but the government replied that no dispute existed. The respondent filed an application …
The deceased Ram Pratap Singh was shot at an Octroi toll barrier; the State charged Awadhesh and Brajendra under IPC 302 read with 34 (and 307) based largely on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses, Rajendra Singh and Chhotey Bhaiya. The trial court found the eye‑witness accounts unreliable, noted …
The International Airport Authority of India (IAAI) entered into a construction contract that contained an arbitration clause. When disputes arose, the Chief Engineer appointed K.D. Bali as sole arbitrator under the Arbitration Act, 1940. IAAI later challenged the arbitrator’s authority, alleging …
Hameedia Hardware Stores, a partnership, was a tenant of both residential and non‑residential portions of a building owned by the respondent. After the lease expired, the respondent filed an eviction petition under section 10(3)(a)(iii) of the Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960, …
The respondents, manufacturers of cycle lamps and automotive chains, sought to have the factory‑gate price treated as the assessable value for excise duty, arguing that their distributors were not "related persons" under Section 4(c) of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944. The Assistant Collector …
The respondent, Kutty Flush Doors & Furniture Co. Ltd., sought classification of sawn and dried timber as non‑excisable, arguing that sawing logs into various sizes does not amount to manufacture. The Assistant Collector and the Collector held that the conversion creates a new article and levied …
The Food Corporation of India entered into a charter‑party with Great Eastern Shipping for bulk cargo transport and later disputed demurrage and overtime charges. The contract required joint arbitration, each party appointing an arbitrator; the appellant’s arbitrator was instructed in writing to …
Major (Retd.) Inder Singh Rekhi constructed 240 Janta houses for the Delhi Development Authority, completing the work on 2 April 1980. After the work was finished, he repeatedly requested the Authority to finalise the bills, sending the first letter on 28 February 1983 and a final notice on 4 …
The Bihar Government enacted Ordinances and later the Bihar Private Educational Institutions (Take Over) Act, 1987 to nationalise private educational institutions in phases, selecting the Lalit Narayan Mishra Institute as the first institution. The Institute (as a society) and its registrar, Dr. …
Asian Paints Ltd. manufactured a product called Decoplast and contested its classification under the Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944. The Revenue classified Decoplast as a plastic emulsion paint under Tariff Item 14(I)(3)(iv), which the appellant challenged, arguing that it was not recognized as …
The appellant, Mohan Lal, leased a shop from the respondent, Jai Bhagwan, under a rent note that stipulated the premises be used for the "business of English Liquor Vend". After the liquor licence was not renewed in 1979, the tenant switched to selling general merchandise. The landlord filed an …
The Deputy Chief Controller of Imports and Exports filed a complaint under Section 5 of the Imports and Exports (Control) Act, 1947 against Parle Bottling Co. Ltd. and its Managing Director, alleging contravention of licence conditions. The complaint was transferred to another magistrate court, …
Hiranyalal Dev, an Assam Police Service officer, was omitted from the 1983 select list for promotion to the Indian Police Service while two junior officers were selected. He challenged the decision, alleging that the Selection Committee had relied on adverse remarks in his Confidential Character …
The Supreme Court had issued directions in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 591 of 1987 ordering the reinstatement and accommodation of petitioner No. 9 and other employees of the Pension Paying Office in Pokhara, Nepal. A contempt petition was filed alleging that the respondents, including the …
The appellants, sisters Smt. Sova Ray and others, sued for partition of family property claiming a one‑third share. The trial court granted the share and the parties later settled on a compromise whereby the defendant, their uncle Gostha Gopal Dey, would acquire half of their share (one‑sixth of the …
The Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay fixed a water quota for Nagpal Printing Mills and, under Rule III(d)(i) of the 1976 Water Charges and Sewerage & Waste Removal Rules, billed the mill for a charge equal to one‑tenth of the quota when actual consumption fell short. The mill contested the …
Shri R.L. Gupta, a member of the Delhi Higher Judicial Service, was sent on deputation as Secretary to a Supreme Court‑led Commission of Inquiry in 1985. While on deputation, the Delhi High Court placed seventeen junior officers on probation, effectively superseding Gupta, and later placed Gupta …
The appellants, Usmanbhai Menon and others, were arrested after an armed clash and produced before a Designated Court under the Terrorist & Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). Their bail applications were rejected by the Designated Court, and they sought bail from the Gujarat High …
The assessee, Thomas Stephen & Co. Ltd., a ceramic manufacturer, purchased cashew shells, lime shells and other consumed stores which it used as fuel and for kiln maintenance. It claimed exemption from purchase tax under Section 5A(1) of the Kerala General Sales Tax Act, 1963, arguing that the goods …
The Supreme Court examined whether a disciplinary authority must furnish the delinquent with a copy of the Enquiry Officer's report before recording a finding of guilt, as required by Article 311(2) of the Constitution and the principles of natural justice. The Court observed that the Enquiry …
The Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board was required under the Emergency Risks (Factories) Insurance Act, 1962 to insure its distribution and transmission lines against war‑risk damage. The Director of the Emergency Risks Insurance Scheme fixed a balance premium of Rs 47,59,109, which the Board …
The appellants challenged a Mysore High Court order that condoned substantial delays in filing appeals against land acquisition awards, invoking Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963. They argued that the delay, caused by negligence of Government Pleaders, could not be deemed "sufficient cause" and …
The Andhra Pradesh Government prepared a panel under Rule 8 of the 1982 Medical & Health Service Special Rules to fill four Professor of Cardiology vacancies, counting only teaching experience after a DM qualification and excluding Assistant Professors who held an MD/MRCP with two years of …
The petitioners sought a writ of mandamus to stop the release of 7,500 cartons of Irish butter imported for the Operation Flood programme, alleging that the butter was contaminated with radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl disaster. The Bombay High Court declined to issue such a writ, holding that …
The State of Bihar created a Directorate of Indigenous Medicines with a Director and three Deputy Directors (Homeopathic, Unani, Ayurvedic). Using a 50‑point roster for reservation under Article 16(4) of the Constitution, the government reserved the sole vacancy of Deputy Director (Homeopathic) for …
The petitioners, who were directly recruited Section Officers in the Central Secretariat Service, challenged a 1984 amendment to Rule 12(2) of the C.S.S. Rules that required eight years of approved service as a condition for consideration for promotion to Grade I. They argued that the rule …
The Supreme Court considered appeals by Hyderabad Engineering Industries Ltd. and other high‑tension consumers challenging a 1981 notification of the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board that required them to receive supply at higher voltages and imposed a surcharge for non‑compliance. The …
Continental Construction entered into a contract with the State of Madhya Pradesh for construction work and later claimed extra costs due to a rise in material and labour prices, alleging the State's delay in work allotment. The Superintending Engineer refused payment and declined to refer the …
The landlords, Rakesh Kumar and Shri Shakti Kumar, leased two shops to Hindustan Everest Tool Ltd. under a lease requiring rent in advance. The tenant fell into arrears for February, March and April 1982, prompting the landlords to serve a reminder notice on 8 March 1982 and a termination notice on …
The appellant, Shiphy International, purchased fresh frog legs, cleaned them and froze them to prevent decay, and then exported the frozen legs, claiming exemption under Section 5(3) of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956. The State argued that freezing altered the nature of the goods, so the exemption …
The appellant, a civil servant of Uttar Pradesh, was charged with misuse of travel allowance and his case was referred to the U.P. Administrative Tribunal. After an initial report finding several charges proved, the appellant submitted a reply to a show‑cause notice and the Tribunal re‑appraised the …
The respondent, Subhash Chandra Yadav, was appointed as Sub‑Charge of the Cantonment General Hospital, Lucknow, and later transferred to Varanasi under Rule 5‑C of the Cantonment Funds Servants Rules, 1937. He challenged the transfer, arguing that Rule 5‑C, which permits inter‑Board transfers, …
The petitioner, a wife, filed a writ under Article 32 challenging the constitutional validity of Sections 198(1) and 198(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, arguing that the provision allowing only the husband of an adulteress to file a complaint under Section 497 of the IPC discriminates against …
The case involved descendants of a common ancestor who had partitioned their agricultural land in 1955 and later their residential properties. A memorandum of partition (Exh. P‑12) dated 3 August 1955, later confirmed by a settlement (Exh. P‑1) on 31 January 1971, listed the properties allotted to …
The Andhra Pradesh Revenue Subordinate Service Rules, 1961 provided for appointment of Deputy Tehsildars by direct recruitment or transfer, with seniority to be determined under Rule 33(a) of the General Rules. Direct‑recruit Deputy Tehsildars challenged the seniority accorded to them over promotee …
The case involved a murder at Sadar Hospital where Hare Krishna Singh and six others were alleged to have fired upon the deceased Jitendra Choudhary, resulting in his death. The appellants challenged their convictions on several grounds, including the prosecution’s failure to explain injuries …
The petitioners, directly recruited Assistant Engineers, challenged the Chief Engineer's order that retrospectively regularised the temporary service of promotees from 1972‑75 to the Assistant Engineer cadre, alleging it violated the Andhra Pradesh (Roads and Buildings) Engineering Service Rules, …
The appellants, directly recruited Assistant Engineers in 1966, claimed promotion to Executive Engineer on the basis that they were senior to promotee Assistant Engineers (respondents 3 and 4) who had been temporarily appointed in 1959‑1960 and regularised in 1961 under Rule 23(a) of the Andhra …
M.H. Mazumdar retired as a Supply Inspector of the State of Maharashtra and, after retirement, was served with a charge‑sheet alleging misconduct and negligence during his service. An enquiry was held, he was given a chance to defend himself, and the Collector found one charge proved and another …
Spaco Carburetiors (India) Ltd imported a special purpose complex machine used to plug holes in carburetor bodies with lead shots. The Revenue classified it under entry 84.59 of the Customs Tariff (residuary entry) attracting 60% duty, while the importer argued it fell under entry 84.45/48 (machine …
The appellant Vijay Kumar was detained under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA) after the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence seized smuggled gold biscuits linked to him. He was already in custody on a charge under section 135 of the …
The Supreme Court examined whether Junior Basic Trained (JBT) teachers classified under Category B Group II of the 1957 Punjab Government circular were entitled to the higher pay scale solely on acquiring higher academic qualifications such as B.A., B.T. or B.Ed., without the additional requirement …
The wife obtained a decree of dissolution of marriage on grounds of cruelty and appealed the decree, which was dismissed by the High Court on 16 July 1986. The husband subsequently contracted a second marriage on 17 August 1986, and the wife filed a Special Leave Petition (SLP) under Article 136 of …
The case involved Dharma Agalaw, the sole surviving coparcener of a Hindu joint family, whose brother Miragu had died leaving a widow Champabai. After the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 came into force, the widow adopted Pandurang, who then claimed a one‑half share in the joint family …
The landlord, an advocate, orally let a part of his residential premises comprising servants' quarters and a ground‑floor hall to the tenant for Rs 600 per month, with rent thereafter paid by two cheques—Rs 250 by the tenant and Rs 350 by a trust (Balkunj) of which the tenant was secretary. The …
The State of Gujarat appealed against a High Court order that had allowed J.L. Talasji, a landholder, to claim the benefit of Section 6(3B) of the Gujarat Agricultural Land Ceiling Act, 1960. The issue was whether Talasji's family, consisting of himself, his mother, wife, three minor sons and three …
The case concerned an election petition filed under the Representation of the People Act, 1951, where a Single Judge of the Gujarat High Court declined to order production of election records. The petitioner appealed the interlocutory order to a Division Bench of the same High Court under clause 15 …
The petitioners sought a writ of prohibition to stop the further telecast of the TV serial "Tamas", alleging that its content would incite communal violence and violate Articles 21 and 25 of the Constitution as well as Section 5B of the Cinematograph Act, 1952 and IPC sections 153A/153B. The serial, …
The Administrator General of West Bengal appealed the award of compensation for the acquisition of the Gopal Lal Villa estate in Varanasi. The Land Acquisition Officer had valued the land at Rs.200 per decimal, the building at Rs.57,660 and the tree growth at Rs.355.85. The appellant sought higher …
The respondents purchased polyester fibre tow, described as "crimpled uncut waste," and cut it into short lengths to produce polyester staple fibre. The Collector held that this conversion constituted manufacture and attracted excise duty, but the Customs, Excise and Gold Control Appellate Tribunal …
The Supreme Court considered multiple suits and special leave petitions concerning whether 10,00,000 shares in Swadeshi Polytex Ltd. and 17,18,344 shares in Swadeshi Mining & Manufacturing Ltd., held by Swadeshi Cotton Mills, along with certain immovable properties in Kanpur, vested in the Central …
The respondent, an Assistant Sub‑Inspector, was caught taking a bribe and was investigated and charge‑sheeted in a criminal trial. He challenged the framing of charges on the ground that the investigation violated Rule 16.38 of the Punjab Police Rules. The High Court held the rule to be mandatory …
The Bombay High Court Division Bench criticised the Deputy Charity Commissioner’s conduct and competence while discharging quasi‑judicial functions under the Bombay Public Trusts Act, prompting the Charity Commissioner to seek special leave before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court held that the …
Vidya Prakash, a soldier in the Indian Army, was dismissed after being found guilty of being absent without leave by a summary court‑martial convened by his corps Commanding Officer, Major P.S. Mahant. He challenged the dismissal, contending that the Commanding Officer was not competent to preside …
Jugal Kishore was injured in a collision between his three‑wheeler and a bus owned by Delhi Janata Co‑operative Transport Society and insured by National Insurance Co. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 10,000, which the Delhi High Court enhanced to Rs 1,00,000. The insurer appealed, …
The case concerned a parcel of land in Bandra, Bombay, originally shown as residential in the 1966 development plan, for which a developer sought permission to build a five‑star hotel. The Municipal Commissioner rejected the plan, citing a pending revision of the development plan that would earmark …
A trust was created by Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia, including a large house. Two officers of the trust, together with a trustee (the settlor's son) and his wife, were alleged to have forged tenancy documents in favor of the wife, constituting a breach of trust. A complaint was filed and the accused …
The plaintiff tenant Kishan Chand claimed a customary right of pre-emption over a portion of a building that had been sold to the respondent. He filed a suit for pre-emption, but died during the proceedings. His legal representatives applied under Order 22 Rule 3 of the CPC to be substituted as …
The State of Gujarat detained Sunil Fulchand Shah under Section 3 of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974, on grounds that linked him to a large smuggling operation. Co‑accused filed bail applications on 2 Oct 1984 and a retraction petition on 3 Oct …
The Supreme Court examined whether a further revision by a High Court under Section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure is permissible against a District Court's revisional order made under Section 20 of the Kerala Buildings (Lease & Rent) Control Act, 1965. Earlier decisions – Aundal Ammal v. …
The Nagar Mahapalika, Bareilly imposed octroi duty on country spirit supplied from a bonded warehouse at a rate of Re 1 per litre, classifying it under Class VI of a 1986 notification as "foreign imported liquor and all kinds of wines made in India." The respondents, licensed retailers of country …
The landlord, a retired government servant, filed an eviction petition under Section 13‑A of the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction (Amendment) Act, 1985, claiming the premises for his own residence. The tenant argued that the landlord was not a "specified landlord" within the meaning of Section …
The appellants, Darshan Singh and Buggar Singh, were convicted of murdering Mukand Singh, his wife Pritam Kaur and daughter Harbans Kaur. The prosecution alleged a property‑dispute motive, asserting that the accused sought to eliminate heirs to a share of agricultural land. The defence challenged …
The appellants purchased land that had been leased to former Prime Minister Dewan Bishen Dass as a Wasidari lease under Ailan No. 10 and the Jammu & Kashmir Land Grants Act, 1960. The sale to the appellants in 1967 was made by the legal heirs without the required government permission, violating …
Subodh Chandra Das, an operator with Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation, claimed that his date of birth recorded as 1‑June‑1931 was incorrect and sought its alteration to 20‑Oct‑1938 based on a medical certificate. The Patna High Court rejected the alteration but, citing his domestic problems, ordered …
Bakulabai filed a Section 125 CrPC application for maintenance for herself and her son, claiming a lawful marriage with Ganga Ram, who denied the marriage and alleged prior existing marriages. The Judicial Magistrate granted maintenance, but the Sessions Judge reversed the decision; the High Court …
The deceased Kamail Singh was attacked by his neighbour Paul Singh, who struck him repeatedly on the head with the handle of a tractor, causing his death. Two eyewitnesses, Jagtar Singh and Kuldip Singh, were present and identified the accused, and the tractor handle recovered from the scene was …
Ashok Kumar was detained under Section 3(1) of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 on allegations of illegal foreign‑currency and gold transactions. The grounds of detention were served on 21 March 1987, but the material documents on which the …
Smt. Yamunabai married Anantrao Shivram Adhav in June 1974 while he already had a living wife. The marriage, performed under Hindu rites, was challenged for maintenance under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The trial court and the Bombay High Court dismissed her claim. The Supreme Court …
The case arose from suo moto proceedings initiated by a revenue officer under Section 44(2a) of the West Bengal Estates Acquisition Act, 1953, which were reopened after a High Court order in 1982. Ashit Nath Das appealed the final order before the 9th Additional District Judge and, after obtaining …
The Union of India appealed a Bombay High Court judgment that had quashed an order dividing electoral constituencies for the election of a Works Committee under the Industrial Disputes (Central) Rules, 1957. The order sought to create multiple constituencies to represent various sections of workers, …
The respondents, members of the United Basel Mission Church (UBMC) of South Kanara and Coorg, sued to declare a 1961 resolution proposing merger with the Church of South India (CSI) void, illegal and ultra vires the UBMC Constitution and the Religious Societies Act, 1880. The trial court dismissed …
The case concerned an election for Chairman of a Panchayat Union in Tamil Nadu where two candidates claimed to be the official Indian National Congress (I) nominee. The Returning Officer first allotted unreserved symbols, but after a letter from the party president clarified the appellant as the …
The appellant owned land on the banks of the Tapti River that the State of Gujarat sought to acquire under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for extending the village of Bhairav to house twelve families displaced by floods. After objections were filed, a preliminary notification under s.4 and a final …
The case concerned a company‑allotted flat that a former officer continued to occupy after retirement. The company sought prosecution under Section 630 of the Companies Act, 1956, which penalises officers or employees who wrongfully retain company property. The Supreme Court examined whether the …
In the 1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election for the Karauli constituency, Shiv Charan Singh was declared the winner. Two electors challenged his election, alleging that the Returning Officer had improperly accepted the nomination of Kanhaiya Lal, who was under 25 and thus ineligible under …
Anand Kumar filed Special Leave Petitions challenging the method by which the age of the Chief Justice of the Andhra Pradesh High Court, K. Bhaskaran, was determined. The petitioners sought a writ of mandamus to compel the President of India to decide the matter, arguing that the Council of …
Nat Steel Equipment Pvt. Ltd., a manufacturer of heavy‑duty hospital and industrial canteen appliances, classified fourteen items under Tariff Item No. 68 of the Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944. The Assistant Collector re‑classified items 2‑14 under Tariff Item No. 33C, invoking Explanation‑I and …
The Union of India appealed a Central Administrative Tribunal order that had directed all members of the All India Services, even those who retired before 1 January 1973, to receive gratuity under Government Notification No. 33/12/73‑AIS (ii) dated 24 January 1975. The Supreme Court examined whether …
Padmanabha Padhy was appointed as a lecturer in D.A.V. College on 26 July 1971 on probation and was terminated by a letter dated 28 March 1972 effective 30 April 1972. He filed a writ petition under Article 226 challenging the termination, contending that only the Governing Body, not the Principal, …
The plaintiff, a tenant, engaged an advocate to file a Special Leave Petition in the Supreme Court against an eviction order. The petition was dismissed as withdrawn, and the plaintiff sued the advocate for negligence and misconduct, claiming damages. The plaintiff died during the suit, and his …
Ram Prakash, the Karta of a Mitakshara joint Hindu family, executed an agreement to sell a house described as self‑acquired to Jai Bhagwan but later refused to execute the sale deed. Jai Bhagwan sued for specific performance; the sons of Ram Prakash, claiming the house to be coparcenary property, …
Two foreign trawlers chartered by an Indian company were seized for fishing in India's exclusive economic zone in violation of a permit that required fishing at depths greater than 40 fathoms. The masters were convicted and fined, while the charterer company and its managing director were initially …
The Supreme Court examined whether Explanation II‑A to clause (25) of Section 2 of the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1964 (as amended by Act 17 of 1972) confers Kudikidappu rights on any person who occupied a homestead or hut between 16 August 1968 and 31 January 1970, irrespective of proof of initial …
The landlords of Prem Talkies obtained vacant possession of the building in 1984 and later intended to let it out as a fully equipped cinema theatre to the Mehrotras. The appellant, Satya Narain Pandey, applied for allotment of the building under the U.P. Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent …
The Supreme Court entertained a public interest litigation filed by M.C. Mehta seeking relief from the severe pollution of the River Ganga at Kanpur, where 274.5 million litres of untreated sewage were being discharged daily. The petition raised the question of whether a non‑riparian citizen could …
The Oriental Coal Corporation, an unregistered coal dealer, was assessed to central sales tax for the years 1967-68 and 1968-69. The Allahabad High Court set aside the assessment, holding that Section 9 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 imposed tax liability only on registered dealers. The State …
The petitioners, cement manufacturers and their stockists, challenged three tax notifications—two by Andhra Pradesh (under its General Sales Tax Act and the Central Sales Tax Act) and one by Karnataka—reducing the sales tax rate on cement. They argued that the notifications created discriminatory …
Arun Aggarwal, already in jail for five non‑bailable offences, was detained under Section 3 of the National Security Act, 1980 on August 3, 1987. The detention order, approved under Section 12(1) after an Advisory Board opinion, was based solely on the fact that he was seeking bail and there was a …
The case involved the murder of Smt. Dhaka, a widow, for which five persons were tried. One accused, Mam Chand, turned approver, and the prosecution relied solely on his testimony and on the recovery of articles, with no direct evidence linking the accused to the crime. The trial court convicted all …
Subhash Chand, an adolescent convicted of murder under IPC s.302 and sentenced to life imprisonment, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking detention under the Punjab Borstal Act, 1926, relying on Hava Singh v. State of Haryana. The State opposed, arguing that the Act does not apply to …
The Supreme Court examined whether Karnataka's Rule 41-A, limiting cinema owners to four daily shows, was within the rule‑making power granted by Section 19 of the Karnataka Cinemas (Regulations) Act, 1964, and whether it violated the right to carry on business under Article 19(1)(g) of the …
Salonah Tea Co. paid taxes under assessment orders issued under the Assam Taxation (On Goods Carried by Road or Inland Waterways) Act, 1961. The assessments were later declared ultra vires and the tax was held to have been collected without legal authority. The company filed writ petitions under …
The appellants, appointed as Civil Judges on temporary and officiating basis, were not confirmed after their probationary periods and were terminated under Rule 12 of the Madhya Pradesh Government Servants (Temporary and Quasi‑Permanent) Rules, 1960. They contended that Rule 3‑A, which deems a …
The Supreme Court examined whether stacks of eucalyptus wood sold by the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department, after removal of poles and ballies, qualified as "Timber" under entry 32A of the Madhya Pradesh General Sales Tax Act, 1958, thereby attracting a 16% sales tax, or as "fire‑wood" under entry …
The petitioner, an income‑tax assessee, challenged the validity of the 1971 and 1975 Proclamations of Emergency, the House of the People (Extension of Duration) Act, 1976 and the Finance Act, 1976, arguing that the proclamations were ultra vires or had ceased to operate because the parliamentary …
The Secured Investment Company, a partnership firm, operated a scheme where members paid a lump sum of Rs 220, received a bank RD receipt, and were entered into monthly lucky draws for prizes, with Rs 92 of each payment deducted to fund the prizes. The Registrar of Firms, Societies and Chits seized …
The case concerned the amalgamation of three separate engineering wings—Irrigation, Minor Irrigation and River Valley Projects—within the Bihar Department of Agriculture and the preparation of a combined gradation list. The State had merged the Irrigation and River Valley cadres in 1969 and later …
Ram Sewak, a tenant, was sued for eviction by his landlord Munna Lal under Section 3(1)(a) of the Uttar Pradesh (Temporary) Control of Rent and Eviction Act, 1947 for non‑payment of rent for more than three months. The tenant claimed that he had tendered the rent, which the landlord refused to …
In the Assam Legislative Assembly election, Abdul Wazed's nomination was rejected on the ground that he was under 25 years of age and allegedly disqualified under Section 9‑A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 because he held a lease of ferry tolls under the Northern India Ferries Act, …
Vikram Cotton Mills Ltd., a textile manufacturer, incurred heavy losses and ceased production in 1953. In 1956, under a court‑approved scheme, its plant and machinery were leased to General Fibres Dealers for Rs 2.5 lakh per year for ten years (renewable) to generate income for creditors and enable …
The respondent sued for specific performance of a contract for sale of a house. The trial court decreed in his favour and the High Court affirmed. During the hearing of the Letters Patent Appeal, the parties orally agreed that the appellant would pay Rs.2,25,000 as full and final settlement, but the …
The Commissioner of Gift Tax appealed against the Gujarat High Court’s order that upheld a valuation of 480 unquoted shares of an English private company using the break‑up method based on the 31 March 1963 balance sheet. The assessee had argued for an average break‑up value from the 1964 and 1965 …
The husband filed a petition for divorce on the grounds of cruelty and desertion, alleging that his wife's continual quarrels and behavior forced him to live separately and caused a nervous breakdown requiring hospitalization. The trial court granted the divorce, but the High Court reversed the …
A.N. Shastri, a professor in Ayurvedic medicine, was promoted to Director of Ayurved under the Punjab Ayurvedic Department Rules, 1963. Former students filed a writ of quo warranto alleging that he lacked the required five‑year regular course degree for the post. The Punjab and Haryana High Court …
The appellant, an employee of the Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies (ICPS), was dismissed in a disciplinary proceeding and challenged the order before the High Court, which held that ICPS was not a "State" within Article 12 and thus not amenable to writ jurisdiction. The Supreme …
The case concerned seniority disputes between initial recruits (direct recruits under rule 4(2)) and officers recruited later through the Special Selection Board (SSB) under the initial recruitment provisions of the IFS Recruitment Rules. The Court examined whether the SSB must consider all eligible …
The Food Corporation of India (appellant) hired Sureendra, Devendra & Mohendra Transport Co. (respondent) as a transport contractor under three written agreements. Disputes over demurrage, wharfage and shortage charges were referred to an arbitrator pursuant to an arbitration clause. The arbitrator …
The Supreme Court entertained public‑interest writ petitions filed by a news editor and a trainee sub‑editor concerning mal‑administration in Tihar Central Jail, especially the treatment of juvenile under‑trials. The Court, after ordering a District Judge’s inquiry, found that juveniles were being …
The Punjab Government, invoking a need to fill 100 seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in MBBS/BDS courses, lowered the minimum qualifying marks for these categories from the 40% prescribed by the Indian Medical Council (MCI) Regulation II to 35% and later to 25% for the 1987 …
The appellants, landlords residing in Meghalaya, filed a suit to evict the respondent tenant from a shop in Arrah, Bihar, on grounds of rent default and bona fide need under s.12(1) of the Bihar Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control Act, 1977. The trial court and the first appellate court …
Sushil Kumar filed a civil suit and obtained a temporary injunction based on a copy of a partnership deed. The respondent alleged the deed was forged and lodged a police report, leading the magistrate to frame charges under IPC sections 465, 468, 120B and 420 but not under 471 and 474, citing …
The case concerned the seniority of temporary Assistant Engineers in the United Provinces Service of Engineers (Buildings and Roads Branch) Class II. The petitioners, appointed temporarily between 1947‑1950 and later confirmed, claimed that their seniority should be measured from the date they …
The Delhi Municipal Corporation employed certain vaccinators/immunisers on a daily‑wage basis for more than eight years while regular employees performing the same duties received higher salaries. The daily‑rated workers sought regularisation and payment at the minimum rate of the regular pay‑scale, …
A.C. Jena, the Sarpanch of Padanipal Gram Panchayat in Orissa, was suspended and later removed from office under Section 115 of the Orissa Gram Panchayat Act, 1964, after a report by the Sub‑Divisional Officer and a notice giving him a chance to show cause. The Collector’s suspension order expressly …
The State of Orissa entered into a contract with Construction India in 1970‑71. An arbitrator appointed by the court awarded relief in 1982, including interest calculated from the date of reference to the arbitrator up to the date of the award. The award was challenged on the ground that it was …
Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd filed its quarterly sales‑tax returns a few days late without seeking a formal extension, but it paid the tax before the due dates and claimed the 1% rebate under section 15 of the Bihar Sales Tax Act, 1959. The Tribunal and the High Court held that because the …
The Chandigarh administration sought to relocate scattered printing presses to an industrial area, initially earmarking 43 larger sites in Phase‑II and inviting applications with a 10% earnest money deposit. After lots were drawn in 1977 awarding sites to the appellants, the administration abandoned …
The petition was filed by the U.P. Income‑Tax Department Contingent Paid Staff Welfare Association on behalf of its members, who had been working for many years as Class IV employees in the Income‑Tax Department but were paid daily‑rated wages lower than those of regular Class IV staff. The petition …
The tenants appealed an eviction order that was based on an alleged material alteration – the construction of a wooden balcony (Dochhatti) – without the landlord's permission under Section 13(1)(c) of the Rajasthan Premises (Control of Rent and Eviction) Act, 1950. The trial court and the Rajasthan …
The petitioners, casual labourers employed for 10-16 years in the Northern Railway's construction department, filed writ petitions alleging they were denied temporary status, equal pay, and regularisation despite continuous service. The respondents contended that some petitioners had already been …
