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350 judgments · newest first · showing 1–200
P.U. Iqbal was detained under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA) by an order dated 21‑08‑1989. The order was executed only on 10‑08‑1990, creating a delay of almost one year. Iqbal filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking habeas …
The appellants, who were Assistant Telegraph Masters (ATMs) in the Posts & Telegraphs Department, were reverted to the post of Telegraphist under the Director‑General's order of 17 August 1983, which also provided that 85% of ATM posts would be upgraded to Lower Scale Telegraph Masters (LSGTMs) and …
Triveni Shankar Saxena, originally appointed as a temporary Lekhpal in 1953, later served as a Consolidator and Assistant Consolidation Officer for about 17 years before being terminated on 16 October 1971 without reason and with one month's salary in lieu of notice. He claimed he was on deputation, …
A highway robbery on 20 April 1975 resulted in the death of Naresh Chand after he was stabbed. Five persons were initially charged; the Delhi High Court acquitted one, leaving four accused. The High Court convicted the four under Sections 302/34 IPC (murder with common intention) and 394 IPC …
The respondents were appointed as part‑time lecturers under conditions that allowed removal without notice and payment on an hourly basis. They filed a writ petition in the Punjab & Haryana High Court seeking regularisation on the regular pay scale. The High Court, without addressing the parties’ …
The appellant, daughter and heir of a tenant, sought possession of an identical area in a newly constructed building as promised in a consent decree that required the landlord‑bank to give her an equal premises after demolition of the old building. The landlord complied with the demolition but …
The appellants owned several parti lands on which they constructed godowns and let them to the Food Corporation of India. The Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation revalued the holdings under Section 107 of the Bihar and Orissa Municipal Act, 1922, increasing the letting value from Rs.2 to Rs.10 per …
Lt. Gen. R.K. Anand retired at age 57 under a Departmental letter dated 9 September 1986, which introduced a two‑stream concept for Lt. Generals, assigning a lower retirement age to the 'Staff only' stream. He challenged the retirement, claiming the earlier letter of 9 May 1985, which fixed the …
The appellant filed a complaint before the Chief Judicial Magistrate alleging that his brother‑in‑law, Darshan Singh, had contracted a second marriage while his first marriage to Jagjit Kaur was still subsisting, thereby committing bigamy under IPC s.494 and abetment under s.109. The magistrate, …
The petitioners challenged the award of additional compensation under Section 23(1‑A) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, claiming it should apply to their case where the acquisition proceedings began before the 1984 amendment but the court award was rendered after the amendment came into force. The …
The first appellant, Dalpat Kumar, entered into a contract to purchase a house and obtained a decree for specific performance, after which the sale deed was executed by the court. The respondent's family repeatedly sought temporary injunctions to prevent the appellant from taking possession, which …
The appellant, Smt. Dhawan, applied to the Delhi Rent Controller under Section 21 of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958, seeking permission to let her premises for a three‑year residential tenancy, stating she would need the house thereafter. The Rent Controller granted the permission, but the tenant, …
B.P. Jain & Associates, owners of 24.25 acres in Faridabad, applied for a licence to develop a group housing colony under the Haryana Development and Regulation of Urban Areas Act, 1975. The application was conditioned on compliance with Rule 11, including execution of an agreement on stamp paper …
The petitioners, permanent Class‑II officers, were promoted to the Senior Time Scale (STS) of the Indian Telecommunication Service Group A under Rule 27(b) of the Telegraph Engineering Service (Class I) Rules, 1965, as temporary officiating appointments between 1975 and 1979 and thereafter served in …
The Government of Orissa entered into a construction contract with G.C. Roy, which contained an arbitration clause. After the work was completed, a dispute arose and the arbitrator awarded the contractor the claimed sum plus 9% interest pendente lite from the date the amount became due. The …
The Coffee Board, which employs staff for storing, curing and marketing coffee, made an ex‑gratia payment to those employees equal to the minimum bonus payable under the Payment of Bonus Act for the years 1964‑65 to 1968‑69. The payment was made from the surplus "Pool Fund" created under Section 32 …
The Reserve Bank of India introduced a new pension scheme in 1990, replacing the Contributory Provident Fund (CPF) scheme. Regulations 3(3) and 31 fixed a cut‑off date of 1 January 1986, allowing only employees who retired on or after that date (and before 1 November 1990) to opt into the pension …
Assam Sillimanite Ltd., a public company that owned a refractory plant, challenged the Assam Sillimanite Ltd. (Acquisition & Transfer of Refractory Plant) Act, 1976 which vested the plant in the Central Government and fixed a payment of Rs 1,07,17,000. The company argued that the amount was …
Multimetals Ltd. manufactured copper pipes and tubes and claimed exemption from excise duty on the total quantity of copper and copper alloys used, including the material lost during manufacturing. The Central Excise Department argued that the exemption should be calculated only on the weight of the …
M.A. Hai Azami, an Upper Division Clerk, was deputed from a government department to the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board and was placed in charge of an Accountant post but received only clerk pay. He sued the Board for damages, claiming entitlement to the Accountant's salary. The Andhra …
Arvind Mills Ltd. imported plant and machinery from abroad and financed the purchase with a foreign loan. After the 1966 devaluation of the rupee, the rupee liability on the loan increased. The assessee claimed a development rebate under Section 33 of the Income‑Tax Act on the revised (higher) cost …
The Supreme Court examined two writ petitions challenging prolonged criminal proceedings – one by former Maharashtra Chief Minister A.R. Antulay and another by advocate Ranjan Dwivedi – alleging violation of the right to a speedy trial under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court reaffirmed that …
Three miscreants broke into a Christian missionary school in Uttar Pradesh on the night of July 12/13, 1990, assaulting and raping two nuns and looting cash and jewellery. The police arrested four persons, recovered some watches, and filed a charge‑sheet, but the victims refused to identify the …
St. Stephen's College, a constituent and aided college of Delhi University, claimed minority status under Article 30(1) of the Constitution and challenged two University circulars that fixed a uniform admission deadline and required admission solely on the basis of marks. The College also sought to …
Employees of the Jammu & Kashmir High Court sought a 25% reservation in the Jammu & Kashmir Civil Service (Judicial) recruitment rules for promotion/transfer from positions such as Assistant Registrars, Readers, Court Officers and Librarians. The High Court, after consulting the Public Service …
Urmila Padhi filed a suit for declaration of title based on a 1968 partition and later died during the proceedings. Her brother’s son and sister were brought in as legal representatives under a deed of settlement and a will executed by her. The trial court upheld the suit, finding the settlement and …
The decree-holder firm obtained a money decree against a judgment debtor and, during execution, the debtor's agricultural land was attached and auctioned, with the firm emerging as the successful bidder. The heirs of the debtor filed an objection under Section 47 of the CPC, alleging that the sale …
Deepak Theatre held a licence under the Punjab Cinemas (Regulation) Act, 1952. The licensing authority classified the theatre's seats into four categories and fixed admission rates, which the theatre challenged as ultra vires and a violation of its Article 19(1)(g) right to carry on business. The …
The Municipal Corporation of Bilaspur appealed against a Madhya Pradesh High Court order that each tenement must be assessed separately for property tax and that aggregation of annual letting values could be used only for exemption, not for taxation. The dispute centered on Section 127A of the …
The Supreme Court examined a contempt petition filed by Ram Pyari against Jagdish for failing to comply with a prior order that required the respondent to vacate premises, pay any rent arrears, and file an undertaking within three months. The respondent contended that the proper remedy was execution …
The Barnagore Jute Factory and other jute manufacturers challenged the levy of a cess on jute yarn and twine under the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951, arguing that jute yarn was not covered by Heading 23(2) of the First Schedule, that intermediate products could not be taxed, and …
In a private limited company with 50 shares, two brothers each held 25 shares and orally agreed that any sale of shares would first be offered to members of the same family branch. The agreement was never incorporated into the Articles of Association. After the brothers' deaths, a son of one brother …
The Indore Municipal Corporation issued bills and notices demanding payment of lighting rate and drainage tax based on the annual letting value calculated under the Madhya Pradesh Sthawar Sampatti Kar Adhiniyam, 1964, rather than the method prescribed in Section 138 of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal …
Punjab National Bank sued Shree Bharat Laxmi Wool Store for Rs.81,137.39. The Sub‑Judge decreed interest at the contractual rate of 10½% from the date of suit to realization. On appeal, the district court reduced the future interest to 6% per annum, but the High Court restored the 10½% rate. The …
The appellant, a member of the Travancore royal family, filed a suit seeking partition and accounting of certain properties, claiming they were part of an undivided Marumakkathayam tarwad. The respondent, the former Maharaja of Travancore, contended that the properties were his personal assets …
Jagdish Singh appealed a High Court decree that ordered specific performance of a reconveyance agreement with Natthu Singh. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court could re‑appraise evidence in a second appeal, whether unserved notices were deemed served, and whether compensation could …
M.C. Mehta filed a public‑interest writ under Article 32 seeking directions for the government to promote environmental awareness. The Court examined whether it could order cinema halls, television, radio and educational institutions to disseminate environmental messages free of cost and make …
The Supreme Court examined the validity of High Court orders that granted provisional admission to postgraduate medical courses in Uttar Pradesh on the basis of MBBS results. It found that the writ petition before the High Court was fraudulent and that the High Court's direction contravened …
The Supreme Court examined whether the addition of saccharin, an artificial sweetener, to supari (pan masala) violated the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955. The appellants were convicted under sections 7(i) and 16(1)(a)(i) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act for selling adulterated …
The Supreme Court considered appeals filed by Dena Nath and others against National Fertilizers Ltd. The issue was whether failure by a principal employer to obtain registration under Section 7 of the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970, or by a contractor to obtain a licence under …
The petitioners, former primary school teachers in Bihar, had their services terminated and sought reinstatement. The High Court directed the State to re‑appoint qualified teachers, including untrained ones where trained candidates were unavailable, and the Supreme Court, on 7 February 1991, …
The dispute concerned Junior Engineers in the Pondicherry Public Works Department who held a diploma and later obtained a civil engineering degree. They sought to have their pre‑degree service counted towards the three‑year service requirement for promotion to Assistant Engineer under Rule 11 of the …
The petitioners, existing stage‑carriage operators, challenged the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988’s liberalised permit regime (sections 71, 72 and 80) on the ground that it violated Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution by allowing unlimited new entrants on the same routes. They argued that …
Tata Engineering and Locomotive Co. Ltd., which manufactures motor vehicle parts outside Thane, maintained a bonded warehouse inside Thane municipal limits and imported parts for temporary storage, breaking bulk and exporting them. The company paid octroi under a current‑account facility and filed …
The case concerned lands acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, where the Collector had made his award on 31 March 1981 and the landowners filed reference applications under Section 18. The High Court had granted benefits under Section 23(1‑A) of the Act, which provides an additional …
Jagjit Singh Mehta, a Bank of India officer, was promoted from the clerical cadre and, having undertaken to serve anywhere in India, was posted to Bihar. He later filed a writ petition seeking transfer to Chandigarh, where his wife was employed, and the Punjab and Haryana High Court ordered his …
The President referred three questions to the Supreme Court concerning the Cauvery water dispute, the Karnataka Cauvery Basin Irrigation Protection Ordinance (later Act No.27 of 1991), and the powers of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal. The Court held that the Karnataka Ordinance was ultra vires …
The appellants, former directors of a jute mill company, sought relief under Section 633 of the Companies Act, 1956 to be exempted from liability for delayed and non‑payment of Employees' Provident Fund dues. The Calcutta High Court had allowed a consent order permitting instalment payment and …
The District Beedi Workers' Union filed writ petitions under Article 32 alleging non‑implementation of the Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966, the Child Labour (Abolition) Act, 1986 and related welfare statutes, including the use of contract labour and manipulation of …
The Chief Editor of a daily newspaper was charged in a complaint alleging defamation under Sections 500 and 34 of the IPC, but the complaint contained no specific allegation that he edited or approved the offending news item. The magistrate issued summons, the editor pleaded not guilty and requested …
Havildar Ratan Singh was charged with cowardly abandonment of his post during an armed operation against militants and was tried by a Summary Court Martial under the Army Act, 1950. The trial court held that the offence fell under section 36 of the Act, allowing summary jurisdiction, and convicted …
The appellant's land was notified for acquisition in 1978‑79 under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The Land Acquisition Officer fixed a market value of Rs 42,000 per acre with a 5% deduction for development cost. The claimants demanded Rs 200 per square yard; the Civil Court fixed …
The Union Territory of Chandigarh reserved 5% of seats in Punjab Engineering College for children and spouses of military/para‑military personnel, dividing them into five sub‑categories with a descending order of priority. Several applicants challenged the categorisation, arguing that the High Court …
The Calcutta Electricity Supply Corporation (C.E.S.C.) engaged private contractors to excavate, lay and maintain electric lines. The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (E.S.I.C.) directed C.E.S.C. to deduct E.S.I. contributions for the contractors' workers, asserting they were "employees" under …
The appellant, a stage carriage operator, applied for renewal of his permit under Section 58(2) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, and the application was duly notified. Before the renewal could be granted, the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 came into force, repealing the 1939 Act. The respondent applied …
The Radhasoami Satsang, a religious institution, had its income assessed as taxable for several years after an earlier period of exemption, prompting the assessee to challenge the assessments before the Income‑Tax Tribunal, which held that the income was exempt under sections 11 and 12 of the …
The Ujjain Development Authority issued a notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 in 1985 to acquire land for Scheme No.23 framed under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tatha Gram Nivesh Adhiniyam, 1973. The respondents challenged the notification before the Madhya Pradesh High …
The respondent, K. Rajeshwar Rao, sold cumin that was found to be adulterated on 13 March 1976. He was charged under Section 16(1)(a)(i) read with Section 7(1) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954. The trial court and the High Court acquitted him on the ground that his father owned the …
The dispute involved 19 bighas of land originally granted to the Pitaliyas family, later partnered with the Jhalanis who obtained a civil decree and auctioned the Pitaliyas share, securing a sale certificate and a mutation order in 1953 based on a written compromise. The Collector, seventeen years …
The All India Judges' Association filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking directions for the creation of an All‑India Judicial Service and uniform service conditions for the subordinate judiciary, including retirement age, pay, accommodation, transport, library and in‑service training. The …
The appellant mortgagor and his co‑heirs mortgaged two‑thirds of a property for a loan. A mortgage suit was filed and the trial court passed a preliminary decree on 25‑July‑1962 ordering payment in instalments and authorising a sale on default. Because of non‑payment, a final decree for sale was …
The respondents, steel rolling mills manufacturing mild steel rods, bars and rounds, claimed a higher development rebate under s.33(1)(b)(B)(i)(a) and relief under s.80‑I of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961, arguing that their products fell within item 1 of the Fifth Schedule (“Iron and steel (metal)”). The …
The Supreme Court considered an eviction petition filed by the landlords against the tenant under the Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960, alleging wilful default in rent and a change of use from residential to partly commercial. The tenant argued that rent was collected …
The petitioners, a group of government compositors, sought to be placed in the "highly skilled" Grade‑I category with backdated benefits, relying on a Himachal Pradesh High Court decision in T.R. Thakur’s case that had held seniority‑based classification unreasonable. The Supreme Court examined …
The appellants, sons of the deceased Wadood Ali Khan, challenged the Uttar Pradesh Prescribed Authority's redetermination of surplus land under the Ceiling Act after the tenure holder's death. The Authority had issued notice only to one son and declared additional land surplus, despite the existence …
Natesan Chetty, the Karta of a Hindu Undivided Family, owned five houses in his individual capacity and, in 1970, declared that three of them would become joint family property, a process termed "blending". After a partition in 1971, two of the houses were allotted to him while the remaining three …
The appellant's 13.07‑acre coffee estate was auctioned under the Tamil Nadu Revenue Recovery Act, 1894, and purchased by the first respondent for Rs.12,225. Section 36 of the Act requires that the date and place of sale be published in the Gazette and that the balance of the sale consideration be …
The appellant owned about two acres of land in Ramavarappadu village, Andhra Pradesh, and the State sought to acquire 1.89 acres for public purpose. A notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was published in the Gazette on 9 February 1976, but the substance of the …
The Madras‑based Reptakos Brett & Co. had for about thirty years paid its workmen a slab system of Dearness Allowance (DA) linked both to the cost‑of‑living index and to basic wages. In 1983 a dispute led the Industrial Tribunal to abolish the slab system and to order DA to be linked only to the …
Mrs. Neera Mathur applied for and was appointed as an Assistant in the Life Insurance Corporation of India, undergoing a medical examination and a six‑month probation. She took maternity leave during her probation and gave birth in January 1990. The Corporation discharged her on 13 February 1990 …
A civil dispute over a plot of land led to a violent incident on 16 December 1975 in which nine accused, armed with firearms and bladed weapons, attacked the complainants, resulting in several deaths and injuries. The trial court acquitted four of the accused and convicted the remaining five under …
The appellant Navnitlal Sakarlal was bequeathed half of his grandfather's estate under a 1956 will that named no executor. The deceased's son, Sakarlal Balabhai, acted as legal representative and filed tax returns for the estate, being assessed on the estate's income until 1967-68. The Income Tax …
The appellant, a rigman in Karnataka's Department of Mines and Geology, was first appointed as a local Junior Engineer in 1967 and later selected by the State Public Service Commission and appointed by the Director on 4 May 1970, before recruitment rules for the post were framed. He was promoted to …
Smt. Shashi Nayar, the wife of a condemned prisoner, filed a writ petition under Article 32 challenging the constitutional validity of the death penalty imposed on her husband for murder under IPC Section 302. She argued that capital punishment violates Article 21, lacks deterrent effect, is …
The petitioners, doctors appointed ad hoc to the Central Health Service between 1968 and 1977, sought regularisation in Group A with seniority based on their original appointment dates. The Union of India opposed this, fearing that regularising the ad‑hoc doctors would displace regularly recruited …
The Supreme Court examined petitions filed by a Sub‑Committee on Judicial Accountability, the Supreme Court Bar Association and individual litigants seeking to enforce the Speaker's admission of a motion for the removal of Justice V. Ramaswami and to restrain him from performing judicial duties. The …
The plaintiffs, jagirdars of village Nalej, sold teak and mahuda trees to a contractor. The land was declared a reserved forest under the forest rules of the erstwhile Chhota Udepur State, and later brought under the Indian Forest Act by Gujarat. The contractor sought permission to fell the trees, …
The Karta of a Hindu undivided family (HUF) converted the family cloth business into a partnership with his son, who contributed only his skill and labour and no cash. The Income‑Tax Officer refused to register the firm, a decision upheld by the Appellate Tribunal and the Bombay High Court. The …
The appellant, Smt. Meera Gupta, purchased a vacant plot from Smt. Probhavati Poddar, the predecessor-in-interest, after obtaining a decree for specific performance. The predecessor owned a built‑up property (constructed before the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976) and a vacant plot, …
The appellants, members of the Reddi caste, filed land‑holding declarations under Section 8 of the Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms (Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings) Act, 1973. Appellant 2 claimed that his illatom son‑in‑law, Appellant 1, who had attained majority, was entitled to a half‑share in his …
The Supreme Court examined a batch of appeals, writ petitions and transferred cases concerning notices issued to sugar manufacturers demanding water cess under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977. The central issue was whether the sugar manufacturing industry fell within …
Rani Devi, the landlady, filed a suit under section 21 of the U.P. Urban Building (Regulation of letting, rent and eviction) Act, 1972 seeking eviction of the occupants, Bhole Nath and others, on the ground of a bona‑fide requirement to start a business for her son. The original tenant, Lalu, died …
The landlord filed an eviction application under Section 14(1)(b) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, alleging that the tenant, Guizar Singh, had sublet the premises to his brother Avtar Singh. The Rent Controller and the Rent Control Tribunal relied on an affidavit filed by Avtar Singh before the Income …
T.P. Srivastava, employed as a Section Salesman by National Tobacco Co., was terminated in July 1973 for alleged unauthorized absence. The Government of Rajasthan referred the matter to the Labour Court to determine whether the termination was lawful and whether Srivastava qualified as a "workman" …
The petitioners, women belonging to the Ho and Oraon Scheduled Tribes of Chhota Nagpur, challenged Sections 7 and 8 of the Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, on the ground that restricting succession to the male line violated the equality guarantees of the Constitution. The State of Bihar set up a …
The petitioners, Section Officers in the Indian Audit & Accounts Department, challenged a circular dated 25 January 1973 issued by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India that introduced reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in promotions by seniority. They argued that the 1963 …
The appellants, Ashok alias Somanna Gowda and Rajendra, applied for Assistant Engineer positions in Karnataka's Public Works Department but were not selected because the interview component, weighted at 33.3% of total marks under the Karnataka State Civil Services (Direct Recruitment by Selection) …
The Supreme Court considered an appeal by tenants of lands in a Taluqdari estate who argued that the lands, though cultivable, should not be deemed “uncultivated” under the Bombay Taluqdari Tenure Abolition Act, 1949 because they had been cultivated earlier. Section 6 of the Act, with its …
The appellant, Surinder Singh Sibia, owned a house in Himachal Pradesh where he occupied the first floor and let the second floor to a judge. The entire house was later requisitioned for the judge's use under the Himachal Pradesh Requisition and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1972, and the …
Laxmi Bai, a widow and member of a joint family, filed an appeal challenging the termination of tenancy she gave to the predecessor-in-title, Dayanu, on June 24, 1960, alleging that the tillers' day under Section 32 of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 should have been postponed …
Mahan Kaur, a Hindu woman, inherited agricultural land from her husband. After her intestate death, the revenue authorities mutated the land in favour of the State, claiming no qualified heir existed. Balwant Singh, the grandson of Mahan Kaur's brother, sued for possession and for a declaration that …
The petitioners, foreign nationals arrested for allegedly smuggling gold biscuits, were denied bail and subsequently detained under Section 3(1) of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA). They challenged the detention, arguing that there was …
R.S. Raghunath, an officer in the Karnataka Motor Vehicles Department, challenged the promotion of another officer to Deputy Commissioner of Transport, arguing that the Special Rules of 1976 required promotion by selection, not seniority‑cum‑merit. The Karnataka Administrative Tribunal dismissed his …
The University of Rajasthan invited applications for a Professor of Botany and a Selection Committee appointed a candidate from the main list and Dr. Uma Kant to the reserve list. After the initially appointed professor retired, Dr. Kant was appointed from the reserve list. Non‑selected candidates …
The appellants Mathura Prashad and Binda Prashad were convicted under IPC s.302 read with s.34 for the murder of Keshav Singh. The prosecution’s case rested on a dying declaration in which the deceased wrote only the name "Guiab Chand" and on witness testimony that did not specifically identify the …
The appellant, an allottee of a flat allotted by a housing cooperative society under a 99‑year lease from the Metropolitan Development Authority, sub‑let the premises to the respondent. After the respondent failed to vacate following a notice of termination, the appellant sued for eviction under …
The Supreme Court examined the court‑assisted settlement of the Bhopal gas‑leak disaster claims, where Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) agreed to pay $470 million and all civil and criminal proceedings were to be terminated. The Court held that under Article 142 of the Constitution it had …
The Union of India sued Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) in the US District Court, which ordered a $5 million interim relief to be paid to the Indian Red Cross Society for Bhopal gas victims, stating the amount was an advance payment and would be set‑off against any final judgment. After the US case …
The appellants, long‑time tenants of a plot that was reconstituted under a town‑planning scheme, challenged the scheme on the ground that the Town Planning Officer failed to serve the special notice required by Rule 21(3) and to give a reasonable opportunity as mandated by Rule 21(4) of the Bombay …
Balbir Singh and Inderjit Singh, brothers, were charged with murder of their relative Onkar Singh under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC. The Sessions Judge acquitted them, but the Punjab and Haryana High Court, on appeal by the State, convicted them and sentenced them to life imprisonment. The …
Goodwill Paint and Chemical Industry, a manufacturer of "thinner", filed a writ petition under Article 32 challenging the constitutional validity of Section 5 of the Poisons Act, 1919 and a 1973 Delhi Poisons Rules amendment that classified thinner as a poison. The petitioners argued that the …
The Indian Aluminium Company imported aluminium raw material into its Thane factory and paid octroi at the normal rate because it did not file the mandatory Form 14 required for the concessional rate of 0.25%‑1.25% under the Maharashtra Municipalities (Octroi) Rules, 1968. After discovering the …
The appellant, Gariwala, challenged a decree passed on a compromise that was reduced to writing and signed only by his counsel, arguing that the 1976 amendment to Order XXIII Rule 3 of the CPC required the parties themselves to sign. The respondents contended that the expression "parties" includes a …
The Union of India filed a writ petition under Article 226 challenging demand notices issued by the Purna Municipal Council for service charges of Rs.28,400 on railway property for the years 1954‑1960. The Union relied on Article 285 of the Constitution read with Section 135 of the Indian Railways …
The appellants' lands in Visakhapatnam were acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. They claimed a compensation of Rs 10 per square yard, while the Sub‑Judge fixed the market value at Rs 11 but awarded Rs 10 per square yard. The Andhra Pradesh High Court reduced the compensation to Rs 6.50 …
The Wakf Board filed a suit for declaration of a right of passage, which was dismissed by the trial court, leading it to file a title appeal before the District Judge. Although an exemption allowed a nominal court fee of Rs.15 on the plaint, the memorandum of appeal required a fee of Rs.638, of …
The landlords (appellants) obtained an eviction decree against their tenant, Respondent No.7, but the tenant's relatives (Respondents 1‑5) claimed they were also tenants in their own right and filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution. The High Court entertained the writ, holding …
The Revenue appealed against orders of the Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal that had allowed exemption from excise duty to Rajasthan State Chemical Works and Sunderson (Minerals) Ltd. under Notification No.179/77 CE, which exempts goods where no process is ordinarily carried on …
The appellant, Munshi Ram Ram Niwas, was found with 80 quintals of Khandsari sugar during a raid, exceeding the 10‑quintal limit allowed without a licence under the Delhi Sugar Dealers Licensing Order, 1963. Two samples each were taken from three varieties of Khandsari and all showed sucrose content …
Yogendra Prasad, an ex‑treasurer of a cooperative society, was alleged to have misappropriated Rs.95,790.54. The society initiated recovery proceedings under section 48 of the Bihar and Orissa Cooperative Societies Act, 1935. The Registrar referred the dispute to the Assistant Registrar, who passed …
The Punjab Government, after the High Court allowed six‑month continuance of ad‑hoc Patwari appointments, amended Rule 2(a) of the Punjab Revenue Patwari Class III Service Rules, 1963 to permit district committees to recruit. A district committee in Patiala, comprising the Deputy Commissioner, …
The appellant, Yusufbai Noormohmed Nendoliya, occupied land that the State of Gujarat sought to acquire for a university. A notification under Section 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was issued in June 1988 and the appellant obtained an interim injunction restraining possession. More than two …
The appellant, an employee of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), challenged his termination by filing a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution. The Delhi High Court dismissed the petition, holding that NCERT was not an "instrumentality or authority" …
The appellant, a candidate for the Civil Services (Main) Examination 1990, challenged the second proviso to Rule 4 of the Civil Services Examination Rules before the Central Administrative Tribunal, alleging it violated Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. The CAT allowed the appellant to appear …
In a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution, 55 individuals who had joined the Arya Samaj movement in the former Hyderabad State in the late 1930s claimed entitlement to the Freedom Fighters' Pension Scheme (renamed Swatantrata Sainik Samman Pension Scheme, 1980). They had been convicted …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of the second proviso added to Rule 4 and the proviso to Rule 17 of the Civil Services Examination Rules, which restrict candidates allocated to IPS or Central Services Group A from re‑appearing in the next examination unless they resign. The …
The appellant, a trust, owned two parcels of land in Nagercoil and leased them to the respondent, who later purchased a superstructure built by a predecessor. When the respondent defaulted on rent, the trust obtained a decree of ejectment, conditioned on paying compensation for the building. While …
The case concerned promotions in the Andhra Pradesh Panchayati Raj Engineering Service from Junior Engineer to Assistant Engineer. The Administrative Tribunal had held that such promotions should be based on a statewide seniority list, but the State Government argued that the Presidential Order of …
Mahadeo Prasad Bais, as Karta of a Hindu Undivided Family, was assessed as a HUF up to AY 1948‑49 and thereafter filed individual returns claiming total or partial partition. The Tribunal and the High Court later accepted a partial partition, making certain family income assessable to him …
The Bhatinda Improvement Trust framed a development scheme under the Punjab Town Improvement Act, 1922 and published notices under Section 36 in May‑June 1977. A notification sanctioning the scheme under Section 42 was issued on 30 June 1980. Respondents contended that the notification was beyond …
The Delhi Judicial Service Association filed writ petitions under Article 32 after the Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) of Nadiad was allegedly assaulted, handcuffed, tied with rope and photographed by police officers, an incident that shocked the judiciary nationwide. The Supreme Court examined …
Parusuraman and six others were charged with the murder of Jawahar, facing three sets of charges including murder, rioting and unlawful assembly. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the Tamil Nadu High Court convicted three of them (A1‑A3) under Section 304 Part I read with Section 34, …
Seven accused were tried for rioting, murder and related offences arising from the killing of Madda Lakshamandas. The trial court convicted six under Sections 148 and 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC; the high court later acquitted four of them, retaining convictions of three (A‑1 to A‑3) on the …
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and its Secretary rejected the nominations of Inder Chand Jain for election to the Council because the nominations, sent by registered post on May 17 and 18, 1991, were received after the deadline of 5 p.m. on May 21, 1991. Jain challenged the …
The Goa, Daman and Diu Housing Board entered into four construction contracts with Ramakant V.P. Darvotkar, which were later terminated for alleged abandonment of work. The Board sued for damages, but the parties were bound by an arbitration agreement; an arbitrator was appointed and awarded the …
The appellant suffered injuries in a road accident on 22 January 1989 and filed a claim petition on 15 March 1990, seeking condonation of delay. The Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, under which the accident occurred, was repealed and replaced by the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 on 1 July 1989; both statutes …
The Collector of Central Excise, Madras issued an order on 28‑Nov‑1984 holding a demand for excise duty barred by limitation and sent a copy to the respondent on 21‑Dec‑1984. The Central Board, on 11‑Dec‑1985, directed the Collector to seek a review of that order before the Customs, Excise & Gold …
The respondent, a retired High Court judge, had served only 5 years 10 months and 17 days and was receiving a pension of Rs.8,400 per annum under Part I of the First Schedule of the High Court Judges (Conditions of Service) Act, 1954. He sought a higher pension by claiming that an additional 1 month …
Cellulose Products of India Ltd, a chemical manufacturer, claimed exemption under Section 84 of the Income Tax Act for the assessment year 1966-67, arguing that its new industrial undertaking began producing "articles" only when it started manufacturing Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) in June 1961. …
The Integral Coach Factory’s Production Control Organisation (PCO) comprises four wings, of which the Progress Wing was declared a separate permanent cadre while the Inspection Wing remained an ex‑cadre unit. Employees of the Inspection Wing filed a writ petition alleging that this differential …
The appellants, senior police inspectors, challenged the out‑of‑turn promotion of two junior officers to Deputy Superintendent of Police, alleging that the promotion order lacked any reasons. They filed a writ petition in the High Court, which dismissed the petition by a non‑speaking order that gave …
The case concerned the Rehabilitation Ministry Employees Cooperative House Building Society Ltd., which sought to allot land to its members. The dispute arose over the seniority of members for plot allocation and the validity of two notifications issued by the Lt. Governor: one dated 27 October 1987 …
The petitioner’s daughter died in August 1986 and the petitioner filed a criminal complaint under Section 498-A IPC. After the Dowry Prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1986 inserted Section 304‑B IPC (dowry death) with effect from 19 November 1986, the petitioner sought to have the case transferred to a …
The father (A1) and son (A2) were charged with murder, conspiracy and abetment of the death of A2's wife, who was found dead in their house. The trial court acquitted them for lack of evidence of a conspiracy and of a homicidal death. The High Court convicted them under Sections 302, 201 and 120‑B …
The Supreme Court examined a public interest litigation filed by H.S. Chowdhary under Article 51A challenging the Central Bureau of Investigation's request to issue a Letter Rogatory to Switzerland in the Bofors scandal. The Court held that the petitioner and intervening parties (Janata Dal, CPI(M), …
The appellants challenged the State Bank of India's promotion policy that reserves 35% of vacancies for a Merit Channel and shortlists candidates for interview based solely on written‑test marks. They argued that this criterion was arbitrary and excluded meritorious candidates whose aggregate scores …
The Union of India appealed against a decision of the Central Administrative Tribunal which had held that the State had miscalculated the 12‑month period for estimating IAS vacancies under Regulation 5(1) of the Indian Administrative Service (Appointment by Promotion) Regulations, 1955. The Tribunal …
The appellant, a former president of Jupiter Cooperative Group Housing Society, was challenged for alleged irregularities in the purchase of building material by the past managing committee. The Registrar of Cooperative Societies referred the dispute to arbitration under Section 60 of the Delhi …
The Supreme Court examined the “sealed‑cover” procedure used when a government employee’s promotion is pending but disciplinary or criminal proceedings are underway. It held that the procedure can be invoked only after a charge‑memo or charge‑sheet has been served, and that preliminary …
Padmanabha Chettiar executed a will in 1924 granting his property to himself for life, then to his wife Dhanalakshmi Ammal for life, thereafter to his daughter Rajalakshmi Ammal, and finally to her male children. The question before the Supreme Court was whether the daughter obtained an absolute …
The Supreme Court examined three related suits in which widows held life estates in property under wills or settlement deeds. The core question was whether, under Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, such a limited estate automatically became an absolute estate, or whether Section 14(2) …
Ranjit Singh was convicted of murder in 1979 and sentenced to life imprisonment. While on parole he committed a second murder in 1980, for which the Supreme Court in 1983 sentenced him to another term of life imprisonment, directing that the second sentence would not run concurrently with the first …
Three brothers sold land to Harbhajan Singh; the fourth brother, Ujagar Singh, filed four pre-emption suits which were decreed on the condition that the pre-emption money be paid by 30 August 1970. The pre‑emptors appealed for a reduction of the amount and obtained an extension of time for deposit, …
The Supreme Court examined five civil appeals concerning the grant or renewal of road‑transport permits on routes in Tamil Nadu. The Regional Transport Authority had awarded permits to the State Transport Undertaking (STU) and denied them to private operators, including Anna Transport and Safe …
The Supreme Court considered two civil appeals filed by former government employees who, after being dismissed, sued for a declaration that their termination was illegal, void, and that they remained in service. The Punjab High Court had held that no limitation period applied to such suits when the …
The plaintiff, a land proprietor, sued the defendant, a sub-tenant, for ejectment after the original tenants surrendered their interests, causing the sub-tenant's interest to terminate. The defendant argued that his sub‑tenancy survived the tenants' surrender and that the suit should be filed under …
The case arose from the murder of a 12‑year‑old domestic help, Vinod Kumar, in 1968. Four persons – Kapil Deo, his wife Sheo Kumari, their son Vidya Sagar and brother Ramapati – were charged under IPC s.302, s.302 read with s.34 and s.201 read with s.34. The trial court convicted Vidya Sagar of …
The respondent, a licensed retailer of liquor under the Karnataka Excise Act, challenged the validity of Section 23(d) of the Mysore Excise Act, 1965 and Rule 8(1) of the Karnataka Excise (Sale of Indian & Foreign Liquors) Rules, 1968, alleging they were beyond the State's legislative competence. …
The appellant, a non‑resident company exporting manganese ore, was assessed for the assessment year 1953‑54. Customs authorities later found that the company had under‑invoiced its exports, resulting in a finding of under‑invoicing of about Rs 44‑45 lakh. On this basis, the Income‑Tax Officer issued …
The Sikkim State Civil Service Rules, 1977 provided for recruitment through the Sikkim Public Service Commission, which was not constituted until 1982, rendering the rules inoperative for about five years. In September 1981 the State Government issued a notification for a special recruitment, citing …
The case concerned a permanent jagir of Chandurpura village granted to the ancestors of the parties, which had been held by successive generations under the rule of primogeniture. After the abolition of the jagir under the Madhya Bharat Abolition of Jagir Act, 1951, the respondent claimed a …
The Tamil Nadu Government appointed temporary junior professors under Rule 10(a)(i)(l) of the State and Subordinate Services Rules, 1955 between 1971 and 1982. In 1979 the State Public Service Commission (PSC) invited applications for regular appointments, selected 25 candidates (including 21 …
The petitioners, a group of licensed child‑welfare agencies including the Central Voluntary Adoption Resource Agency, sought various reliefs concerning adoption procedures, such as allowing Indian‑adopted children to retain citizenship till majority, issuing birth certificates on the basis of …
Vania Silk Mills Ltd. purchased machinery in 1957 and hired it to Jasmine Mills, which insured the machinery. A fire in 1966 destroyed the machinery; the insurer paid the lendee, which in turn paid the appellant Rs 6,32,533 as insurance claim. The assessee treated the excess of the claim over the …
The petitioners, research scholars employed on projects in various medical institutions, sought security of service and regularisation under Article 32 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court observed that the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is the research body funded by the Union, and …
The State appealed the High Court's acquittal of three accused in the murder of trade‑unionist lawyer Ram Subba Reddy. The Supreme Court examined whether the daughter’s (PW 1) testimony was reliable despite allegations of self‑inflicted injuries, the delay in the identification parade, and the …
The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation imported 5,000 metric tonnes of soda ash from Kenya and paid customs duty based on the invoice value. After distribution, the goods were found to be sub‑standard; the foreign seller compensated the Federation with a credit note reducing the price. The …
The Supreme Court entertained a writ petition under Article 32 after a letter complained of bonded labour in stone quarries of Faridabad, Haryana. It appointed commissioners and investigators to examine the working conditions and the implementation of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 …
Aysha Umma appealed against a Kerala High Court order that had set aside a civil court's award of Rs.3,00,000 as market value of six acres of land and had confirmed a separate capitalisation award for fruit‑bearing trees. The Supreme Court examined the proper method of valuation, holding that land …
The appellants were teachers in a state‑financed minority college who went on strike. When they were called back, a group of them, including seven teachers, failed to report within the stipulated time, prompting the appointment of alternate teachers. The teachers sought to be absorbed back into …
The Government of Andhra Pradesh issued an order on 18 November 1981 granting a 5% weightage to candidates whose basic education was in Telugu medium for appointments to non‑gazetted posts, expressly limiting the benefit to selections made through the State Public Service Commission (SPSC). The …
The appellants, Amir Shad Khan and Aziz Ahmed Khan, were detained under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 after gold bars were recovered from their vehicle. They were served detention orders that allowed them to make representations to the State …
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) provided special duty allowances to officers transferred to its Gauhati unit from regions outside the North-East, citing greater hardships such as language barriers and accommodation difficulties. The local officers' association challenged this policy, arguing that …
Four brothers, who had partitioned their ancestral property in 1954 but kept the acquired Chalai Anicut in common, were compensated 1/4 each after a land acquisition. The eldest brother, Venkatachalam Pillai, filed six references under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act seeking enhanced …
The State acquired 5 acres 589‑1/3 sq. yards of land in Vishakapatnam for a housing scheme in 1963. The initial compensation of Rs 1.58 per sq. yard was enhanced by the Civil Court to Rs 10 per sq. yard with 15% solatium and 4% interest, a figure affirmed by the High Court. On appeal, the Supreme …
Doongaji & Co., a long‑time licensee under Sections 13 and 14 of the Madhya Pradesh Excise Act, 1915, contested the award of a new distillery licence to Rajdhani Distilleries Corp. and the subsequent takeover of its distillery and warehouses on the ground that Clause 50 of the licence required the …
Doongaji & Co., a partnership with a 40‑year history of operating a distillery at Ujjain, sought renewal of its licence under the Madhya Pradesh Excise Act, 1915 after its last licence expired in 1981. The licence for the 1981‑86 period was awarded to Rajdhani Distillery Corporation, and subsequent …
Krishan Kumar, holder of a stage‑carriage permit for the Kota‑Khanpur route, challenged the State of Rajasthan’s decision to grant an exclusive operating right on the overlapping Kota‑Sangod route. The State Road Transport Corporation had issued a notification on 11‑Oct‑1979 under Section 68‑C of …
D.H. Brothers Pvt. Ltd., a dealer in machinery, claimed that a sugarcane crusher (kohlu) was an "agricultural implement" exempt from sales tax under the Uttar Pradesh Sales Tax Act, 1948, relying on a 14 November 1980 government notification that listed exempt agricultural implements. The …
Dr. Ku. Nilofar Insaf and Dr. Devraj Jain competed for a single M.D. Radiology seat at Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. Nilofar, who had transferred from a Bangalore medical college to Bhopal after paying a capitation fee, secured higher aggregate marks than Jain and was admitted. Jain challenged her …
The assessees, Attar Singh and Gurmukh Singh, made cash payments exceeding Rs.10,000 for purchases of stock-in-trade, which the assessing authority disallowed as deductions under Section 40A(3) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 read with Rule 6DD of the Income Tax Rules, 1962. The assessees challenged the …
General Electric Technical Services Co. (GETSCO) subcontracted work to Mis Punj Sons (P) Ltd. (respondent-1) for an aircraft testing centre, requiring a performance bond and a bank guarantee for a mobilisation advance. Punj Sons failed to complete the project, leading GETSCO to terminate the …
The case concerned the promotion of Major General Dayanand Khurana, who was approved for the ‘Staff Only’ stream under the Army’s two‑stream concept. The respondent argued that, despite being in the Staff Only stream, he should be senior to officers promoted in the ‘Command and Staff’ stream and …
The State of Tamil Nadu issued a notification under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to acquire land for a housing scheme of the Tamil Nadu Housing Board, but had not yet prepared a scheme under the Madras State Housing Board Act, 1961. The landowners challenged the notification, arguing …
The appellant, a company in liquidation, sold its assets and invested the proceeds in fixed deposits, earning interest income. The liquidator incurred various expenses (salaries, legal fees, etc.) which the company sought to deduct from the interest under section 57(iii) of the Income Tax Act. The …
Patel Roadways Ltd, a carrier with its principal office in Bombay and subordinate offices elsewhere, was sued in Madras courts for loss of goods transported from its Tamil Nadu and Madras branches to Delhi. The carrier claimed that a clause in its contracts stipulated that any dispute must be heard …
The Banwasi Seva Ashram filed a writ petition under Article 32 challenging the eviction of its members from areas declared reserve forest under Section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927. The Supreme Court had earlier appointed commissioners to prepare land records, identify forest land and decide …
The appellant, a cash clerk, was suspended pending a criminal investigation and later terminated under Rule 5(1) of the Central Civil Services (Temporary Service) Rules, 1965. After being acquitted, he challenged the termination before the Central Administrative Tribunal, which set aside the …
Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilisers Ltd sought to adjust cash refunds of sales tax on raw materials against its tax liability under the Karnataka Sales Tax Act, 1957, based on a 1969 government notification granting such refunds to new industries. A later 1975 notification required the dealer to …
The appellant, a practising advocate, was held by the Punjab and Haryana High Court to have contempted a Sub‑Judge by making disparaging remarks that alleged the judge was a contractor of the Municipal Committee and was colluding with the Deputy Commissioner. The High Court, relying on the …
Texmaco Ltd. manufactured wagon bodies for the Railways and mounted them on wheel sets supplied free of charge by the Railways. Its invoices reflected only the price of the wagon bodies, excluding the wheel sets, and excise duty was paid on this invoice value. The Revenue demanded duty on the wheel …
The Regional Director of the Employees' State Insurance Corporation sought contributions from the factories of High Land Coffee Works and Sons under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. Section 1(4) of the Act excludes "seasonal factories," defined in Section 2(12). The factories were …
Anil Kumar Soni was confirmed as Assistant Technical Officer (ATO) in the Punjab Financial Corporation in 1976. He later applied for and was selected as Assistant Manager, a new cadre post filled by direct recruitment, and was appointed on probation in 1980. After several extensions of his …
The appellant, a former Chief Justice of the Madras High Court, was charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 for possessing assets disproportionate to his known income. He sought to quash the criminal proceedings, arguing that judges are not "public servants" under the Act and that no …
The petitioners, foreign missionaries who had been residing in India since the pre‑Independence era on periodically renewed residential permits, were ordered to leave the country in July 1987. They contended that, having been ordinarily resident for more than five years immediately before the …
The petitioners, appointed as Election Commissioners in October 1989, challenged the President’s January 1990 notifications that rescinded their appointments and abolished the two posts. They argued that the abolition violated the tenure provisions in the service rules, infringed the independence of …
The Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) allotted a plot reserved for a public park in a development scheme to the Bangalore Medical Trust for a private nursing home/hospital, based on State Government orders and a BDA resolution. Residents of the locality challenged the diversion as contrary to …
The Uttar Pradesh legislature amended its 1939 Motor Spirit, Diesel Oil and Alcohol Taxation Act to levy a purchase tax on industrial alcohol, which was challenged as unconstitutional because industrial alcohol is regulated by the Central Government under the Industries (Development and Regulation) …
The appellants, three brothers running a shop, were prosecuted under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 for selling tea dust that was found adulterated by the Public Analyst. The trial magistrate acquitted them, holding that the Public Analyst had not sent the report within 45 days as …
A petrol tanker collided with a truck on a highway, overturned and leaked petrol; four hours later the leaked fuel exploded, causing fire, injuries and the death of the claimant's son. The claimant sought compensation under Section 110 of the Motor Vehicles Act and a no‑fault claim of Rs.15,000 …
Dr. Harendra Narain Singh and Ram Nath Singh were convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC based solely on circumstantial evidence that a dead body was taken from the doctor's dispensary on an ekka to a village courtyard. The Supreme Court examined the principles governing …
Burn Standard Company Ltd., a manufacturer of railway wagons, received certain components such as wheel‑sets and axle boxes from the Railway Board free of charge, which it incorporated into the wagons it supplied. The company invoiced the Railway Board for the wagons without including the value of …
Gurmej Singh, Gian Singh and Bur Singh were convicted of murdering Harnam Singh, a neighbour, based on the testimony of two close relatives who identified the accused under the light of a tubewell lamp. The defence argued that a third eye‑witness, Narain Singh, who was sleeping near the victim, was …
Khujji @ Surendra Tiwari was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. The prosecution relied on three eye‑witnesses, discovery of a blood‑stained weapon and the appellant's blood‑stained pant. Two witnesses (PW‑3 and PW‑4) were declared hostile because they could …
The dispute concerned awards made by an arbitrator (umpire) under a contract for the construction of the Nagarjunasagar Dam. The arbitrator awarded several claims, some of which were not supported by the contract (escalation for napa‑slabs, extra lead for water, flattening of canal slopes) while …
Gulabbai, the landlord, sued Nalin Narsi Vohra and others for vacant possession of a shop and arrears of rent, claiming the tenants were defaulters and that she needed the premises for her husband’s tax‑consultancy office. The trial court and the Additional District Judge held that the tenants were …
