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397 judgments · newest first · showing 201–397
The petitioners, former casual labourers of the South Eastern Railway appointed between 1964‑69 and retrenched between 1975‑78, sought inclusion in the live casual labour register and re‑employment according to seniority, also requesting that vacancies not be filled from the open market. They relied …
The appellants were detained under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti‑Social Activities Act, 1985 (PASA) as "property grabbers" and challenged the detention orders. The High Court upheld the orders, but the Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of PASA, the legality of delegating detention …
Kikar Singh was convicted of murder for repeatedly striking his unarmed neighbour with a spade, causing three injuries, the third of which severed the victim's neck and was deemed sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. The appellant argued that the killing occurred in the heat …
The Supreme Court examined the scheme devised by the Delhi Municipal Corporation (MCD) for granting Tehbazari (market) permission to squatters and hawkers under the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act. The Court clarified that the MCD's sub‑classification of squatters—those possessing a survey‑report …
The State of West Bengal sought the appointment of an arbitrator under clause 25 of a contract, but the Chief Engineer failed to act, prompting the respondent to approach the High Court. A Single Judge of the Calcutta High Court revoked the Chief Engineer's authority and appointed Shri D.K. Roy …
The Supreme Court examined the method for fixing market value of 90 acres of land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1984. The claimants relied on various sale deeds, including a recent high‑price transaction, while the State relied on mutation entries. The Court held that only bona‑fide sales …
The petitioners, Subhash Photographies, imported photographic machinery and claimed a concessional customs duty by classifying the equipment as "industrial plant" under Heading 98.01 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975. The Customs authorities treated the machinery as falling under Chapter 90, levying a …
Air Vice Marshal S.L. Chhabra, who had cleared all prior promotion grades, was considered by the Selection Board for promotion to Air Vice Marshal in 1987 but was not recommended because only one appraisal report was available and his performance was to be watched for a year. Adverse remarks in his …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Sections 4, 4‑A and 5 of the Andhra Pradesh Entertainment Tax Act, 1939 (as amended by Act 24 of 1984 and later amendments) which levy tax on cinema shows based on a percentage of the gross collection capacity per show and provide an optional …
The case concerned the inter‑se seniority of two officers appointed to the Punjab Superior Judicial Service in 1986 – the appellant, a general‑category candidate, and respondent No.3, a Mazhbi Sikh (Scheduled Caste). The dispute arose over which roster points (7 or 9) the two Scheduled‑Caste …
Bharat Beedi Works (P) Ltd., a private limited company, paid annual royalties to a partnership firm for the use of its brand name. The three partners of the firm were also directors of the company. The Income Tax Officer allowed the royalty deductions, but the Commissioner disallowed them under …
D.K. Yadav, a workman of J.M.A. Industries Ltd., was deemed to have abandoned his post after being absent for more than eight days and was terminated under clause 13(2)(iv) of the company's certified standing orders. The employer did not conduct a domestic enquiry nor gave Yadav an opportunity to be …
The appellant, an NRI businessman, was charged with criminal conspiracy, cheating and forgery for a scheme hatched in Chandigarh that involved the issuance of foreign letters of credit and forged shipping documents in Dubai, resulting in a loss to Punjab National Bank. The trial court discharged the …
The State of West Bengal prosecuted Falguni Dutta and another for contravening orders under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. The respondents were arrested on 16 March 1984, but the charge‑sheet was filed after the statutory six‑month period, and the Special Court under Section 12A took …
The appellant Ram Asrey, along with Munni Lal and the now‑deceased Radhey Shyam, were charged with the murder of Gokaran Prasad on 24 November 1975. The trial court acquitted them for lack of proof, but the Allahabad High Court convicted Asrey and Munni Lal under Section 302 read with Section 34 …
The mother of two minor respondents sold their land to the appellant without obtaining court permission, though the deed was attested by the father. After attaining majority, the respondents sued for possession, claiming the sale was void. The appellant argued that the father's attestation made the …
The State initiated criminal proceedings under the Kerala Forest Act, 1961 against P. Mohammed Ali and others for manufacturing and possessing sandalwood oil. The accused contended that sandalwood oil is not "wood oil" as defined in Section 2(f)(i) of the Act and therefore the trial court lacked …
The appellant, a director of Ideal Jawa (India) Ltd., was charged under Section 14A of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 for failing to deposit EPF contributions for October‑December 1990. He contended that, as merely a director and not the occupier or manager, he …
The Supreme Court examined whether the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 bars civil courts from entertaining suits challenging demolition orders of unauthorised constructions. It held that the Act creates a statutory scheme that ousts court jurisdiction, and suits are maintainable only if there …
The State of West Bengal sought to vest an estate and its tank fisheries in the State under the West Bengal Estate Acquisition Act, 1953, extinguishing the rights of intermediaries. The respondents, who held lease‑hold rights to the tank fisheries, filed a writ petition to restrain the vesting and …
The appellant, Usha Pillai, was appointed guardian of her granddaughter Nivedita after the child's mother committed suicide. The child's father, R.K. Srinivas, abducted the child and took her to the United States, leading the appellant to file a kidnapping complaint. During the criminal trial, the …
The appellants were teachers in a school that was recognised in 1983 but only received grants‑in‑aid in 1988. Their services were terminated in 1986, before the school became an aided institution, and the termination was not approved by the Inspector of Schools. They filed a writ petition seeking …
The respondent was employed as a sales girl by the Central Cooperative Consumers' Store, a cooperative society, and was allegedly humiliated, harassed and illegally terminated by a new manager without required approval or notice. After a seven‑year delay, the Assistant Registrar declared the …
The landlord determined the contractual tenancy of his tenant in 1966 and later the tenant, now a statutory tenant, granted a licence to the respondent in 1972. The respondent claimed protection from eviction under Section 15A of the Bombay Rent Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947. The …
M.S.P. Nadar Sons, a registered firm, sold shares in several companies during FY 1972‑73, realizing a gross long‑term capital gain of Rs 5,61,508 and a long‑term capital loss of Rs 96,583. The assessee computed assessable capital gains by first applying the standard deduction of Rs 5,000 and the 50% …
The petitioners, manufacturers of handicrafts in Haryana, purchased raw material within the state and sold the finished goods to dealers in Delhi who exported them. They claimed exemption from purchase tax under Section 9 of the Haryana General Sales Tax Act, relying on the declaration form ST‑15. …
The Union Territory of Chandigarh acquired 70.09 acres of land in Manimajra for setting up brick kilns under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The Collector fixed compensation at Rs.23,600 per acre for cultivated (Abi) land, Rs.17,000 for rain‑fed (Barani) land and Rs.12,000 for waste (ghair munkin) …
Oswal Agro Mills Ltd. appealed against the classification of its "toilet soaps" as "other sorts" under tariff item 15(2) of the First Schedule of the Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944, which attracted a higher excise duty. The Assistant Collector had placed the soaps in the higher rate category, the …
Varkey Joseph, the youngest brother of the deceased Mathew, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing his brother after a property dispute. The trial court and Kerala High Court upheld the conviction based largely on circumstantial evidence and testimony obtained through leading …
The Chakma refugees, who migrated from East Pakistan to Assam in 1964 and were later shifted to the North‑East Frontier Agency (now Arunachal Pradesh) in 1966, were allotted land under a government resettlement scheme but subsequently occupied land donated by a local Raja inside a protected …
The respondent, S.L. Abbas, a garden curator in the Botanical Survey of India, was transferred from Shillong to Pauri and challenged the order before the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), alleging that his wife’s posting, his children’s education, his health, and the non‑application of the …
Bengal Iron Corporation, a manufacturer of cast‑iron pipes, man‑hole covers and similar items, claimed that its products fell under Item 2(i) of the Third Schedule of the Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act, 1957, and were therefore liable to a single point tax of 4% only. The Commercial Tax …
Panchu Gopal Bose entered into an arbitration agreement on 27 May 1978 to complete work within nine months. He claimed he sent bills on 12 July 1979 but received no payment, and only on 28 November 1989 did he issue a notice invoking arbitration. The respondent filed an arbitration suit under …
G.R. Karthikeyan, an individual assessee, won Rs 22,000 as prize money in the All India Highway Motor Rally and the Income‑Tax Officer included it in his total income under the definition of "income" in Section 2(24) of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner, the Tribunal and …
The appellant, who had appeared for the All India Post‑Graduate medical entrance examination of 1992, was not allotted any seat despite having higher marks than some candidates who were later admitted in Kerala. After the first, second and third admission lists were issued, the remaining vacant …
The State of West Bengal challenged the High Court’s view that auction sales of raiyati interests, made in execution of rent decrees under the Bengal Tenancy Act, could be treated as sales under the Code of Civil Procedure and thus be valid. The Assistant Settlement Officer had revised the record of …
The respondents, students of the DHMS diploma course, failed several subjects, re‑appeared and eventually passed the first, second and third year examinations, but the Council of Homeopathic System of Medicine refused to allow them to sit the third‑year exam because they had not completed a full …
S.M. Sharma, a Sub‑Divisional Officer of the Haryana State Agricultural Marketing Board, was entrusted with the current duty charge of the post of Executive Engineer on 13 June 1991. On 6 January 1992 the Chief Administrator withdrew this charge and transferred Sharma, who then filed a writ petition …
The appellant, a wife, complained that her husband subjected her to cruelty and later contracted a second marriage, invoking Sections 498A and 494 of the Indian Penal Code. The Andhra Pradesh High Court, applying Section 468 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), quashed the criminal proceedings on …
The petitioners, Assistant Audit Officers (Group B Gazetted) employed by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India in the Railway Audit Department, claimed that they were denied railway passes, quarters and other facilities available to Group B railway officers, alleging discrimination in …
The Railway Board invited tenders for cast steel bogies and three large manufacturers (H.D.C., Mukand and Bharatiya) quoted an identical low price, leading the Tender Committee to suspect a cartel and recommend a counter‑offer of Rs. 76,000 per bogie. Post‑tender, the three firms offered a further …
The Supreme Court considered multiple writ petitions filed by industrial consumers, including Ferro Alloys Corp., challenging the terms of electricity supply imposed by various State Electricity Boards. The issues revolved around the validity of Section 49 of the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948, the …
The Jammu & Kashmir Public Service Commission prepared a select list of twenty candidates for the post of District Munsif under the 1967 Recruitment Rules. The State Government approved only the first thirteen names and appointed them, while refusing to approve the remaining seven despite petitions …
The petitioners, manufacturers of vegetable oil, challenged the levy and collection of the vegetable oils cess for the period 1 March 1986 to 31 March 1987, contending that the Finance Minister’s 1986 budget speech and a subsequent Directorate of Vanaspati letter had dispensed with the cess and that …
The case involved six accused, including Hari Singh, Satbir and Gulbir, who were convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for the death of Mange Ram. The trial court and High Court upheld the convictions, but the Supreme Court was asked to consider whether the earlier …
The appellant was selected by the Union Public Service Commission for the post of Senior Public Prosecutor, CBI, and was medically declared fit, but no appointment order was issued while other candidates were appointed. After unsuccessful representations to the Director, CBI and the Government of …
The State of Karnataka appealed against Sunagar Bros., who had challenged a best judgment assessment for the year 1972-73. The first and second appellate authorities dismissed the appeal on the ground that the assessee had not paid the tax "not disputed in appeal". The Karnataka High Court reversed …
The assessee, a private limited company, paid cash commissions on sales to its directors in addition to their salaries. The Income Tax Officer treated these commissions as perquisites and disallowed them under section 40(a)(v) of the Income‑Tax Act for AY 1971‑72 and under section 40(A)(5) for AY …
The respondent, Kewal Kumar, a Deputy Chief Electrical Engineer, was considered for promotion to Senior Administrative Grade by the Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) on 23‑Nov‑1989. A decision to initiate disciplinary proceedings against him for a major penalty had been taken on 20‑Nov‑1989, …
The Supreme Court heard a petition filed under Article 32 by the environmental NGO Tarun Bharat Sangh, seeking to stop illegal mining in the Alwar Tiger Reserve, which is also a sanctuary, national park and protected forest under various statutes. The Court examined whether the mining leases granted …
The respondent engaged the appellant as counsel in a suit that was later compromised, directing the appellant to withdraw Rs 50,379 from the court receiver and remit the amount to the respondent. The appellant withdrew the money but paid only Rs 18,000, retaining the balance. A complaint was filed …
Inacio Martins filed a suit for declaration and injunction concerning his tenancy of a coconut grove, which was dismissed because he was not in possession. He subsequently filed a suit for restoration of possession, alleging unlawful dispossession by the defendants. The defendants contended that the …
The case concerned six accused, including Kapildeo Singh, charged with the murder of Shyamdeo Singh and grievous injuries to Rajmani Devi. The trial court acquitted them, the High Court reversed the acquittal, and the Supreme Court examined the appeal. The Court evaluated the admissibility of a …
Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation (M.M.T.C.) acted as the intermediary in a private barter scheme through which Ferro Alloys Corporation exported manganese and chrome concentrates. The parties executed contracts whereby title to the goods passed to M.M.T.C., which issued letters of credit, …
The appellant's property was requisitioned under the Defence of India Act, 1962 and later acquired under the Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952. An arbitrator fixed compensation of Rs.2,50,000 for the building and Rs.7.50 per sq. yard for the land, but the Rajasthan High …
Brakes India Ltd paid a foreign technical director a total remuneration of Rs 66,000, of which Rs 28,576 were perquisites. The Assessing Officer disallowed the portion of perquisites exceeding one‑fifth of the salary under Section 40(c)(iii) of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961. The Appellate Assistant …
Salem Cooperative Central Bank, a cooperative society engaged in banking, received Rs. 19 as interest on a security deposit with an electricity distribution company. The Income Tax Officer treated the amount as income from other sources and levied an additional surcharge under the Finance Act. The …
The petitioners were Sub‑Assistant Engineers who had been appointed as temporary Assistant Engineers on an ad hoc basis between 1972 and 1976, with extensions up to 26 February 1980. They sought seniority from the date of their initial ad hoc appointment, claiming they were direct recruits and not …
The appellant's father created three U.S. and two U.K. settlement trusts for family members and reported the trusts' income in his Indian tax returns from 1964‑65 to 1969‑70. After his death in 1969, the appellant filed returns for 1970‑71 including the same income and later contended that the …
The Supreme Court examined challenges by Morvi and Junagadh Municipalities to the Gujarat Municipalities Rules governing consolidated property tax. Taxpayers had contested Rule 5, which allowed the actual rent received to be used as the annual letting value, alleging it was ultra vires Section …
The case concerned three writ petitions filed in the Bombay High Court challenging orders of the Acting Speaker of the Goa Legislative Assembly that purportedly reviewed and set aside earlier disqualification orders of members under the Tenth Schedule (anti‑defection law). The High Court dismissed …
Mani Ram and his brother Hari Ram had a dispute with Hazur Singh. On the day of the incident Singh went to his field, ate a meal brought by his wife Surjeet Kaur and son Jaskaran, and was subsequently shot by Mani Ram with a licensed pistol; Hari Ram allegedly encouraged the act. The trial court …
The Orissa State Electricity Board entered into a five‑year electricity supply agreement with Orissa Tiles Ltd, which required the consumer to pay a stipulated minimum charge irrespective of actual consumption. The Board disconnected supply on 30 April 1968 for non‑payment and the consumer also …
Tekchand, a watch dealer, and his two sons made a voluntary disclosure of income under the Voluntary Disclosure of Income and Wealth Act, 1976 and obtained a certificate. After serving a detention order under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act (COFEPOSA), …
The Commissioner of Income Tax challenged Amritsar Transport Company Private Limited for including amounts collected as "Dharmada" in a separate account in its business income. The company argued that the levy, collected at Rs.1 per bilty, was a customary charitable contribution distributed among …
The State of West Bengal issued a notification under the West Bengal Estates Acquisition Act, 1953 covering the tea garden of Singell Tea and Agricultural Industries Ltd., and the Revenue Officer assessed rent. The company contended it was not an intermediary and the land was free‑hold, challenging …
The appellant, T.M. Balakrishna Mudaliar, purchased agricultural lands from Abdul Salam and Razia Begum and was assigned their right of repurchase under agreements dated 15‑April‑1963. The respondents, Satyanarayana Rao and his mother Pushpavathi Ammal, refused to execute reconveyance deeds, …
Parkash Kaur mortgaged her house to Sandhooran and the property was later sold at auction. She first filed an application under Order XXI Rule 90 to set aside the sale on 16 September 1974 and subsequently filed an application under Order XXI Rule 89 on 23 September 1974 seeking to withdraw the sale …
The case concerned the promotion and seniority of Class III personnel in the Indian Ordnance Factories. A 1962 circular had granted accelerated promotion to diploma‑holding supervisors, but a 1966 circular withdrew that benefit. After decades of litigation, the Supreme Court in Virendra Kumar (Civil …
The appellant sold ice‑sticks that were examined by a public analyst who reported the presence of saccharin and dulcin, the latter being an adulterant declared injurious to health. A subsequent analysis by the Central Food Laboratory found only saccharin and no dulcin. The trial court convicted the …
The petitioners challenged the Karnataka State Government's orders permitting a partnership firm to sell excess vacant land under the Urban Land (Ceiling & Regulation) Act, 1976, alleging that the State lacked authority to grant such exemption and that the sale deed was void. The Supreme Court …
The Central Excise Collector appealed against several sugar factories claiming that they were not entitled to the excise‑duty rebate under four Government notifications because the factories had produced no sugar in the corresponding periods of the base year. The factories argued that the phrase …
Universal Radiators, a manufacturer of automobile radiators, purchased copper ingots from the United States to be rolled in Bombay and used as raw material. While the ingots were at sea, the vessel was seized during hostilities between India and Pakistan and the loss was compensated by the insurer, …
The Gandhi Grab Nirman Sahkari Samiti Ltd., together with Bhawani Singh, purchased 3,49,000 sq. yards of land in Jaipur and submitted a development plan to the Urban Improvement Trust, which was objected to and referred to the State Government. The State Government, after hearing objections, issued …
M/s. Nagarmal Baijnath, a partnership firm, was dissolved on 2 December 1946 and its business was discontinued. Income‑tax and excess‑profits‑tax assessments for the years 1946‑47 and 1947‑48 were nonetheless made in the name of the firm after its dissolution. The assessee initially raised no …
Hindustan Paper Corporation Ltd. entered into an agreement with the Kerala Government in 1974 that exempted its newsprint turnover from Kerala's sales tax for two years from the start of production. The company sold most of the newsprint in inter‑state trade and claimed a corresponding exemption …
The Supreme Court examined the murder trial of Kundula Bala Subrahmanyam, who died from extensive burns after allegedly being set alight by her husband and mother‑in‑law over a dowry‑related dispute. The prosecution relied on a chain of circumstantial evidence: a clear motive (dowry and land …
On 16 September 1980, a dispute arose after an alleged stone‑pelting incident, culminating in a confrontation where the appellant, A.M. Kunhiko ya, and four others attacked the deceased, Moideen Kutty. The appellant first struck the victim's hand and, during a struggle, thrust a dagger into the …
The appellants, promoters and directors of a public limited company, issued a prospectus inviting public subscription for shares, claimed that the application to list the shares on a stock exchange was rejected, yet retained the money collected from investors and transferred it to another company …
Smt. Nilabati Behera filed a writ petition under Article 32 alleging that her son, Suman Behera, died in police custody due to injuries inflicted by police and that his body was later dumped on a railway track. The State of Orissa contended that the son escaped custody and was killed in a train …
The dispute concerned a 2000‑sq‑yard plot in Bombay whose title was claimed by the heirs of the original owner and by a private limited company that had purchased the shares of the heirs' company. After an eviction decree and a series of undertakings, the petitioners (Devida Yal Rolling Mills) …
M. Dayanand Reddy, a Class I contractor, entered into a contract with A.P. Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd on 11‑December‑1986 for constructing a sewer line. When disputes arose, Reddy invoked an arbitration clause he claimed existed in Clause 3 of a copy of the agreement (Ex A‑3) that …
The appellant‑tenant Vipin Kumar was evicted under Section 13(2)(iii) of the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949 for constructing a wall and door in the verandah of his demised shop without the landlord’s consent, which was held to have stopped the flow of light and air and thus materially …
The Associated Cement Company (ACC) entered into a contract with a contractor for loading cement bags and reimbursing certain wage components. ACC paid the contractor as per the contract but did not deduct tax under Section 194C(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Income Tax Officer issued notices …
The petitioners, who were directly recruited as District and Sessions Judges (Second Grade) in 1981, claimed seniority over respondents 4‑16, who had been appointed temporarily in 1978/79 and made substantive in 1983 after promotion from the Subordinate judiciary. The dispute centered on the …
The National Federation of Blind filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a mandamus directing the Union of India and UPSC to allow blind and partially blind candidates to compete for the Indian Administrative Service and allied services and to write the civil services examination in Braille …
The petitioners, P.M. Bayas and the State of Maharashtra, challenged the Central Administrative Tribunal’s order quashing their selection to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) under the special selection provisions of the IAS (Recruitment) Rules, 1954. The core issue was the interpretation of …
The appellants' predecessor was a usufructuary mortgagee of certain fields. After the redemption period expired, the respondents filed a suit for redemption, which the trial court decreed subject to payment of damages for improvements. The appellate court confirmed the redemption decree but set …
The Orissa Ministerial Service Rules, 1975 required recruitment of Lower Division Assistants through competitive exams, but many were appointed without complying with the rules and later regularised by government orders invoking Rule 14. The appellants challenged the regularisation and the seniority …
The Supreme Court examined the appointment of Dr. Shiva Jatan Thakur, a blind scholar, as the seventh non‑service member of the Bihar State Public Service Commission. The appellant challenged the appointment on two grounds: (i) that it violated the proviso to Article 316(1) of the Constitution, …
The case arose from a long‑standing family enmity over a religious dispute. On 25 December 1975 the appellant, Mohd Aslam, armed with a double‑barrel gun, shot the complainant’s son‑in‑law Shamim Raza, who died on the spot, and Mohd Umar, who later died of his injuries. The Sessions Court acquitted …
The deceased Chiranjilal Shrilal Goenka left a will appointing his younger daughter as executrix, which was contested by Radhey Shyam, who claimed to be an adopted son. The parties, along with another claimant, were brought before a Supreme Court order that appointed a retired Chief Justice as …
The appellant, Narpatchand, occupied a flat in a multi‑storeyed building. The building was mortgaged with possession to the respondents, who became usufructuary mortgagees and thus landlords under the Bombay Rents Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947. The respondents served a quit notice …
The State Bank of India complained that D.S. Dalal and his partners, as advocates of Singh & Co., failed to file a recovery suit and misappropriated Rs. 11,475 paid for court fees and fees. The Bar Council of India, after hearing evidence that the suit filed on 15‑12‑1975 was returned by the Delhi …
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) entered into a storage agency agreement with Jagannath Dutta in 1967, which contained a clause allowing either party to terminate the contract with two months' notice without assigning a reason. In 1985, FCI decided, through a series of meetings and letters, to …
Anil Phukan and his brothers were convicted under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Trinayan Chandra Baruah, based primarily on the testimony of a single eye‑witness, the deceased's nephew. The Supreme Court examined whether a conviction can rest on such testimony without independent …
The father of a minor leased his son's land to G. Annamalai Pillai for five years, a term that extended beyond the minor's attainment of majority, violating Section 8(2)(b) of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956. The minor, upon reaching majority, avoided the lease under Section 8(3), …
The case involved G.T.N. Textiles and other spinning mills that only packed cotton yarn in cone form because they lacked reeling machines. The Textile Commissioner, exercising powers under clause 16 of the Textile (Control) Order, 1986, issued a notification requiring every yarn producer to pack at …
The Supreme Court examined several writ petitions filed by employees of the New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC) seeking the benefit of the Shiv Shankar Committee (SSC) pay‑scales on the ground of equal pay for equal work under Article 39(d) of the Constitution. The petitions concerned various …
Bihar Supply Syndicate bought salt from United Salt Works and arranged its shipment from Kandla to Calcutta via a chartered vessel. The cargo was insured for Rs 9.5 lakh under a marine policy with Institute Cargo Clauses (FPA) covering warehouse‑to‑warehouse risks. The vessel suffered engine …
The State of Maharashtra appealed against a Bombay High Court Single Judge's ex‑parte order that stayed a trial judge’s permission for Dr. Budhikot Subharao to travel abroad and awarded him Rs.25,000 compensation, alleging that the State had acted in mala fides and engaged in sharp practice. The …
The appellant State of Maharashtra sought to uphold the conviction of Dr. Budhikota Subharao, an ex‑Naval Captain who had voluntarily retired in 1987, for alleged violations of the Official Secrets Act, 1923 and the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. The accused was arrested in May 1988 and material seized …
The State of Maharashtra charged Dr. Budhikota Subharao with leaking atomic energy secrets under the Atomic Energy Act and the Official Secrets Act. He was discharged because the State failed to obtain the sanction required under Section 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The accused then applied …
The appellant, a German tourist, was arrested in Goa with two cylindrical pieces of charas weighing 7 g and 5 g. Only the piece weighing less than 5 g was sent for chemical analysis, which confirmed it contained charas; the other piece was not tested. The trial court convicted him under Section …
The election of Mullapudi Venkata Krishna Rao to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly was challenged on the ground that he had used a poster depicting N.T. Rama Rao as Lord Krishna, together with a sloka from the Bhagavad Gita and a derogatory reference to the Congress party, thereby violating …
The Haryana Public Service Commission (HPSC) issued a 1985 notification for recruitment of Assistant Executive Engineers (AEE) in all three wings of the Public Works Department, including the Irrigation branch, even though the State Government had not sent a requisition for the Irrigation vacancies. …
The appellant, a tenant, occupied a residential‑shop premises originally at a rent of Rs 55 per month. After the landlord purchased the property, the rent was unilaterally raised to Rs 65 (the landlord later claimed Rs 70) without complying with the Bihar Building (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control …
The State of Gujarat had trifurcated its Electrical Engineering Branch into Junior Engineers and Supervisors and, by a 1975 resolution, introduced a quota rule fixing a 2:1 ratio for promotion to Deputy Engineer posts. The Gujarat High Court struck down this ratio as unjustified and issued a …
The State of Uttar Pradesh filed a Special Leave Petition challenging a Allahabad High Court order that allowed Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd. to manufacture industrial alcohol without obtaining a PD‑2 licence and directed the State not to interfere, subject to preventing conversion of industrial …
Atia Mohammad Begum owned vacant land in Aligarh that was entered in revenue records as agricultural before the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 came into force on 17‑02‑1976. The competent authority declared the land to be in excess of the ceiling limit, but the District Judge reduced …
The appellant, a government officer in Jammu & Kashmir, was directed to procure an ice‑making plant of 70 kg capacity for a breeding station. He placed an order with M/s Ashoka Brothers and received a plant of only 35 kg capacity, yet paid the price for the larger plant. The Anti‑Corruption Tribunal …
Surinder Pal Jain was charged with murdering his wife, Usha Jain, with the prosecution relying solely on circumstantial evidence such as a neighbor's call, dogs of a dog squad pointing to the accused, alleged injuries on the accused, and a purported disclosure statement leading to the recovery of …
In the 1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Chachiot, Motiram was declared elected. The election was challenged on the ground that the nomination of another candidate, Karam Singh, had been improperly rejected because he was alleged to hold an office of profit as Chairman of the …
The respondent, V. Sreekanta, was appointed as an Excise Inspector (Junior) on a purely temporary, ad‑hoc basis on 17 January 1968 as a "local candidate" through the Employment Exchange. In October 1971, he was regularised under the Karnataka State Civil Services (Direct Recruitment to Class III …
The respondent, K.V. Mohan Rao, entered into a building contract with Nandyal Co‑Op Spinning Mills Ltd. that contained a clause mandating that all disputes be referred to a sole arbitrator appointed by the owner’s Administrative Head, with no objection to the arbitrator being the owner’s …
The case concerned the constitutionality of the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Haryana Amendment Acts of 1974 and 1981, which sought to retrospectively bar civil courts from adjudicating disputes over village common lands (shamilat deh) and to empower Assistant Collectors to disregard …
The assessees Chhathu Ram and others were assessed under the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922 for the year 1942-43, which included cash credits that were also taxed under the Excess Profits Tax Act. While appeals against the inclusion of these cash credits were pending, the assessees applied for and …
The respondent, Braithwaite & Co. Ltd., obtained a Rs 50 lakh term loan repayable in five instalments over a period of seven years and claimed the loan amount as part of its capital base to obtain the 10 % statutory deduction under Rule 1(v) of the Second Schedule to the Companies (Profits) Surtax …
The appellant, Harendra Nath Manda, was involved in a dispute over harvesting paddy crops with the complainant and his brother. During the confrontation the appellant allegedly struck the brother with a stick, but the victim survived. The Sessions Court convicted the appellant under section 307 read …
The landlords (appellants) filed an eviction petition under Section 21(1)(a) of the U.P. Urban Building (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972, claiming a bonafide need for a shop premises. The prescribed authority dismissed the petition, but the appellate authority reversed the …
U.P. Financial Corporation (U.P.F.C.) granted a loan of Rs. 29.70 lakhs to Gem Cap (India) Pvt. Ltd., which soon became a sick unit and defaulted on repayments. U.P.F.C. issued a notice under Section 29 of the State Financial Corporations Act, 1951 to take over the unit for recovery of Rs. 38.57 …
Heera Prasad, a State Bank of India employee, was charged with granting loans without proper documentation and receiving illegal gratification. An initial enquiry found him guilty and he was dismissed, but the Patna High Court set aside the dismissal, directing a fresh enquiry. The same enquiry …
The appellant, a monthly tenant of an automobile garage, was served a notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act and faced an eviction suit. The trial court dismissed the suit on the ground of insufficient notice, but the appellate court reversed the decision and granted possession to …
The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (M.R.T.P.) Commission issued a notice alleging that Raymond Woollen Mills Ltd. engaged in resale price maintenance because its price lists did not state that dealers could charge lower prices. The Commission held that the price lists merely indicated …
Karamchand Premchand Pvt. Ltd. set aside Rs 4,50,000 as a provision for a possible tax liability under Section 23A of the Income‑Tax Act, 1922. The company later claimed that this amount was a reserve and should be included in its capital for the purposes of Rule 1 of the Second Schedule of the …
The Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB) granted a 25% rebate on demand and energy charges to high‑tension industries, initially for three years from the date of regular production and later extended for two additional years by a government order dated 23 August 1985. The Board …
Kamlesh Baboo and V.K. Bhardwaj, originally Section Officers in the Chandigarh Engineering Department, were promoted to Sub‑Divisional Engineer and later to Executive Engineer (Class I) with effect from 21 January 1986 after being selected by the committee prescribed under Rule 8 of the Punjab …
Standard Triumph Motor Co. Ltd., a UK non‑resident, entered a 1939 collaboration agreement with an Indian company to receive a 5% royalty on sales. The Indian company credited the royalty in its books each year, but the royalty was only remitted to the UK in sterling. The assessee claimed that, …
Six persons were tried for a violent assault on 24 December 1986 that resulted in the death of Suku. The trial court convicted all under various IPC sections, including murder (302) read with Section 149, and the High Court later acquitted two accused while confirming the others. On special leave, …
The appellant, B. Gajanan Kajrekar, retired after 23 years of service as Chief of Police in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, but was denied pension on the ground that he had never been substantively appointed to any post. He challenged the denial before the Central Administrative Tribunal, which held that he …
Sardar Singh, his wife Saraswati and his brother's wife Savitri were charged with murder and with concealing evidence under Sections 302/34 and 201/34 of the IPC. The prosecution relied solely on circumstantial evidence: the deceased's illicit relationship with Saraswati and Savitri, the discovery …
Dwarka Prasad was convicted of murder under sections 302 and 307 IPC. The prosecution alleged that he and a co‑accused attacked the deceased and a witness with knives, motivated by a prior altercation, and that the FIR was lodged several hours after the incident. The accused claimed he was guarding …
Ballarpur Paper and Straw Board Mills Ltd. hired foreign personnel, including Emil Webber, to set up a plant in India. Under the contract, the salaries were to be paid free of Indian tax, and Ballarpur paid the tax on Webber’s salary to the tax authorities. The Income Tax Officer treated the tax …
The State Government, under the fourth proviso added to Section 9 of the United Provinces Municipalities Act, 1916, cancelled the nominations of two women members of the Shahjahanpur Municipal Board and appointed replacements, invoking a "pleasure" power. The former President of the Board and the …
The appellant, an Assistant Engineer in the Public Works Department, was deputed to the Bangalore City Corporation and later absorbed under the Karnataka Municipal Corporation Rules, 1977. The High Court struck down those rules and set aside his absorption. The State subsequently enacted the …
The petitioners were appointed as Assistant Divisional Medical Officers on an ad‑hoc basis by the Railways between 1968 and 1 October 1984. Their services were later regularised by two Supreme Court orders (24 September 1987 and 1 November 1988). They then sought fixation of their seniority relative …
The appellant, Tej Narain Tiwary, was appointed as a Special Officer (Stores) on 16 August 1969, a temporary post that was later abolished. After obtaining an injunction against the abolition, a compromise led to his appointment as a Section Officer on 20 March 1972, with his pay protected, and the …
The State prosecuted Raghubir Singh, then aged about 16, for raping an 8‑year‑old girl. The victim, her father and sister testified, and a medical doctor confirmed injuries consistent with sexual intercourse. The trial court convicted the accused under S.376 IPC and sentenced him to five years' …
The appellant, a Central Government employee, was absorbed into the public sector undertaking Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd in 1964 after completing 15 years of pensionable service. The Government issued a 1967 Memorandum revising pension benefits for employees absorbed after 16 June 1967, denying …
Neptune Paper Mills Ltd was wound up and its assets were sold as a going concern to Buxa Holdings Ltd. The sale notice allowed the balance price to be paid in instalments to be fixed by the court. The purchaser was awarded an instalment schedule that the secured creditors (Industrial Finance …
C.L. Verma, a Western Railway employee, was dismissed without being furnished a copy of the enquiry officer's report. He challenged the dismissal before the Central Administrative Tribunal, which set aside the dismissal on the ground that the report had not been supplied, relying on Union of India …
The Sarva Shramik Sangh, a labour union, sought dearness allowance for daily‑rated workers at the same rate as monthly‑rated workers, retrospectively from 15 November 1965. After failed conciliation in 1965‑67, the union reiterated the demand in a 26 April 1968 memorandum, leading to a government …
The appellant, Sarbir Singh, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for the killing of his friend Paramjit Singh, based solely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution established a chain of events showing the two traveling together, the appellant being seen with blood‑stained hands after …
The Supreme Court examined whether gur‑lauta, raskat, rab‑galawat and rab‑salawat—inferior forms of gur and rab derived from sugarcane or molasses—constitute "agricultural produce" under Section 2(a) of the Uttar Pradesh Krishi Utpadan Mandi Adhiniyam, 1964 and are therefore liable to market fee. …
The petitions filed by Sikkimese of Nepali origin challenged the reservation of twelve seats for Bhutia‑Lepcha and one seat for the Buddhist Sangha in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly, arguing that these provisions violated Articles 14, 15(1), 325, 332(3) and the basic structure of the Constitution. …
Harnam Singh, a government servant who joined in 1956, discovered that his date of birth recorded in his service book (20‑May‑1934) differed from that on his matriculation certificate (7‑Apr‑1938). He sought correction in 1991, just months before his scheduled superannuation, but the department …
Labh Chand, an executive engineer of the Uttar Pradesh Government, sought voluntary retirement but was compulsorily retired by the Governor under Financial Rule 56. He first approached the Allahabad High Court with a writ petition, which a Division Bench dismissed for not exhausting the alternative …
The State of Punjab sought royalty and mining licences for the removal of brick‑earth, classified as a minor mineral, from lands owned by private individuals in Gurdaspur. The brick‑manufacturers sued the State for perpetual injunctions, arguing that the State did not own the brick‑earth and …
The Supreme Court heard a contempt petition filed by I. Manilal Singh, Secretary of the Manipur Legislative Assembly, who alleged that Dr. H. Borobabu Singh, the Speaker of the Assembly, had ordered his compulsory retirement as retaliation for implementing the Court’s earlier orders quashing the …
The petitioner challenged two 1992 Ordinances that amended the Representation of the People Act, 1951 – narrowing the counter‑manding provision in Section 52 to only candidates of recognised political parties who die, and reducing the minimum interval between the withdrawal of nominations and …
The plaintiff, Salil Dutia, sued T.M. & M.C. Pvt. Ltd. for ejectment on grounds of rent default and personal occupation. The suit, after a seven‑year pendency, was scheduled for final hearing on 9 June 1988, but the defendant failed to appear, relying on alleged advice from its counsel that it need …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of the Handlooms (Reservation of Articles for Production) Act, 1985 and the 4 August 1986 order reserving certain textiles for exclusive handloom production. Petitioners argued that the reservation created a monopoly, violated Articles 14 and …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Chapter III‑C of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (Section 45S and Section 58B(5A)) introduced by the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 1983, which limit the number of depositors an individual, firm or unincorporated association may accept and …
Shri Dulal Duti, a senior officer of the Indian Railway Stores Service, was served a compulsory retirement order dated 24 April 1990 after facing major penalty charge‑sheets. He challenged the order before the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) under Section 19 of the Administrative Tribunal Act, …
The petitioners, former rulers of Indian princely states, challenged the Constitution (Twenty‑sixth Amendment) Act, 1971 which repealed Articles 291 and 362 and amended Article 366(22), thereby abolishing privy purses and royal privileges. They argued that the amendment violated the basic structure …
The respondents filed writ petitions challenging the extension of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957 to the State of Jammu & Kashmir, arguing that the Act falls under Union List Entry 86, which does not apply to the State under Article 370, and that it should be placed under Entry 97, rendering the extension …
The Supreme Court held that the right to education is a fundamental right flowing from Article 21, but it is limited to free education up to the age of fourteen and thereafter subject to the State’s economic capacity. The Court rejected the notion of a fundamental right to establish or obtain …
The petitioners, Major Genl. B.M. Bhatiacharjee (Retd.) and another, alleged that Russel Estate Corporation and its managing partner had allotted two flats on the 8th floor to third parties in violation of a Supreme Court order dated 1 August 1991 which prohibited any further allotment of flats. The …
The respondents, Agragamies of the West Bengal Civil Emergency Force, filed writ petitions seeking the same pay scale as firemen and leaders of the West Bengal Fire Service, arguing that they were similarly situated in terms of recruitment, qualifications and duties. The State Government contended …
The case concerned the validity of the 1990 amendment to the Madras Corporation Engineering Service Rules which introduced a 3:1 ratio favouring graduate engineers over diploma‑engineers for promotion to Assistant Executive Engineer. The petitioners (graduate engineers) challenged the amendment as …
The Shakti Cooperative House Building Society, formed to allocate house sites to its members, became embroiled in internal disputes that halted plot allocation. The Registrar barred elections, a decision upheld by the Delhi High Court. A former High Court judge was appointed as Administrator to …
The Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission advertised 60 vacancies for Deputy Executive Engineers and, following Rule 4 of the Andhra Pradesh Engineering Service Rules, gave preference to candidates with post‑graduate qualifications. Graduates who scored higher marks were excluded, leading to …
R.S.D.V. Finance Co. deposited Rs.10,00,000 with Vallabh Glass Works for 90 days at 19% interest. When the deposit matured, the defendant failed to pay and issued five post‑dated cheques that later bounced, prompting a summary suit. The defendant argued that the deposit receipt’s endorsement …
The appellant, Pulin Behari Pal, was a tenant of a shop premises that was purchased by the respondents in 1973. He had sub-let the premises in 1970 without the landlord's prior written consent and continued to pay rent until January 1975. The respondents served a notice to quit on the grounds of …
The appellants owned a residential house from which Respondent No. 4, a tenant, was evicted after a civil decree in the appellants' favour. The appellants took physical possession with police assistance. Respondent claimed a sale agreement, filed a title suit, and later opened fire to retake …
Maharashtra Tubes Ltd., a steel pipe manufacturer, ceased operations in 1986 and sought financial assistance from the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) in 1988. The BIFR, after hearings, held that the company was not a "sick industrial company" under the Sick Industrial …
The Supreme Court examined whether an agreement dated 7 November 1966, entered into by the Executive Engineer (Canal Officer) of the Gujarat Irrigation Department with farmers, was binding on the State. The Court held that the agreement was a statutory compromise made under the Bombay Irrigation …
The Official Trustee of Tamil Nadu, acting as trustee of a marriage hall trust, demolished the existing building and planned a new construction after an architect’s report recommended demolition, but without obtaining a fresh High Court order beyond the earlier sanction for roof conversion costing …
Padmakar More died in a bus accident in 1978, and his father, widow, and minor daughter filed a claim for compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act. The Motor Accidents Claim Tribunal awarded Rs 26,000, fixing the family’s monthly dependency at Rs 150 based on an unsubstantiated claim that the …
The State of Haryana acquired land in Gurgaon for the National Security Guard at the request of the Union of India. Landowners filed reference petitions under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 seeking higher compensation. The Union of India applied to be impleaded as a respondent, arguing …
The Rajasthan Government issued a notification under the Rajasthan Land Acquisition Act, 1953 to acquire about 2,517 bighas of land for the Rajasthan Housing Board and, under Section 17(4), dispensed with the inquiry required by Section 5(A). The acquisition was challenged on the grounds that the …
A suit filed by 56 members of the public sought a declaration of a customary right to bury the dead on two parcels of land (R.S. Nos. 975/1 and 975/2) and a permanent injunction against 15 defendants, who were the brother‑owners and subsequent purchasers of the land. The trial court decreed in …
The respondent, an Income Tax Officer, was charged under Rule 14 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965 for completing nine tax assessments in an irregular, hasty manner allegedly to confer undue favour, thereby violating Rules 3(1)(i)-(iii) of the Central …
The first respondent, a defeated candidate, filed an election petition challenging the election of the appellant. The appellant filed a recrimination notice under Section 97 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, but did so beyond the 14‑day period prescribed, and sought condonation of the …
The accused Jarnail Singh and his four sons were convicted of murder and rioting for killing Gurbux Singh and his brother Wasava Singh. The prosecution alleged a motive stemming from the suicide of the accused's son, who had been in love with the victims' daughter. The defence argued that there was …
The case concerned the seniority of a directly recruited officer (Prakash Chandra Misra) in the Orissa Forest Service Class II vis‑à‑vis promotees who were appointed during his training period. The petitioner argued that his seniority should be counted from the date of recruitment (1979) and that …
The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) assessed contribution from Hotel Kalpaka International for the period 11 July 1985 to 31 March 1988 under section 45‑A of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. The hotel, which employed more than 20 workers and was covered by the Act, closed its …
The appellants, former employees of Bank of Indore Limited who were transferred to the State Bank of Indore under the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959, were retired after completing 30 years of service, before reaching the statutory retirement age of 58 prescribed in Section 11(1) of …
The Railway Board issued a tender for 1,900 cast steel bogies, receiving identical low bids from three large manufacturers (H.D.C., Mukand, Bhartiya) and higher bids from nine others. The Tender Committee, suspecting a cartel, recommended a reduced price of Rs. 76,000 and later a dual pricing …
The respondents entered into an agreement to sell 294 acres of land to a sugar company and handed over possession. The company later declared the land as surplus under the Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms (Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings) Act, 1973, and surrendered it. The Primary Land Tribunal held …
The University of Rajasthan advertised ten Assistant Professor posts requiring a doctorate or equivalent research and a second‑class master's degree. Six candidates were appointed from the general category, but most lacked a doctorate at the application deadline, and the university relaxed …
Rameshwar Dayal, claiming ownership of a house, had earlier obtained an eviction decree against tenant Habib and sub‑tenant Banda from a Small Causes Court. Banda later sued Dayal asserting title to the property and seeking a declaration that the earlier eviction decree was a nullity and an …
The landlords (Madan Mohan and another) sought eviction of tenant Krishan Kumar Sood under the Himachal Pradesh Urban Rent Control Act, 1987 for non‑payment of rent. The Rent Controller ordered eviction on 29 July 1986, allowing the tenant 30 days to pay the "amount due". The tenant deposited Rs …
The petitioners, owners of arc/induction furnaces classified as large industrial power (LIP) consumers, challenged the Delhi Municipal Corporation's (DMC) resolution that raised the minimum consumption guarantee charges from Rs. 40 to Rs. 340 per KVA for such furnaces. They argued that the increase …
The petitioners, Ahmedabad Manufacturing and Calico Printing Co. Ltd. and others, challenged the levy of central excise duty on the weight of yarn after it had been sized for weaving, contending that duty should be based on the unsized yarn. The High Court had ordered a refund, but the Government …
Gulraj Singh Grewal rented a building in Ludhiana from Dr. Harbans Singh and his son. The landlords sought eviction on three grounds under the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1948: personal need, change of user, and impairment of value. The Rent Controller dismissed the petition; the …
The landlord leased a premises in Chandigarh to the tenant for residential use, but the tenant's husband, a lawyer, set up a small office in part of the premises. The landlord sought eviction under section 13(2)(ii)(b) of the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, alleging a change of user without …
The case concerned a supplemental agreement dated 26 September 1991 by which Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. (MTNL) awarded Sterling Computers Ltd. the right to print and publish telephone directories for Delhi and Bombay for the period 1991‑1998, without inviting fresh tenders. The original contract …
The appellants, Kishun Singh and others, were not named in the charge‑sheet filed after a police investigation of a murder, but were listed in the FIR. The Sessions Judge, after the case was committed to his court under Section 209 of the CrPC, impleaded them as co‑accused under Section 319 before …
The dispute between Jagdish Chander Bhatia and Lachhman Das Bhatia over shares in two houses was referred to arbitration by the Supreme Court, which appointed a retired chief justice as sole arbitrator. The arbitrator issued a speaking award allocating specific shares based on contributions to the …
Six brothers who were partners in two firms entered into arbitration to resolve disputes. The arbitrators awarded a division of the firms' assets, including immovable properties, among the brothers upon dissolution. A Single Judge ordered the award to be registered before it could be made a rule of …
The Supreme Court examined the sluggish implementation of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, specifically the failure of many States and Union Territories to establish District Forums as mandated by Section 9. The petitioners, a registered society, sought directions under Article 32 to compel the …
The appellants and the first respondent disputed possession of a house. The respondent filed a criminal application under Section 145 of the CrPC, and the Sub‑Divisional Magistrate attached the property under Section 146, directing that the attachment continue until a competent civil court …
The case concerned the constitution of the Selection Committee for the post of Additional Chief Engineer (Level‑II) in U.P. Jal Nigam. The petitioner, G. Gupta, claimed that the 1989 Committee was invalid because the Chairman of the Jal Nigam was nominated as the "expert" instead of a technical …
The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) framed a chargesheet against Executive Engineer H.C. Khurana on 11 July 1990 and dispatched it on 13 July, but personal service was delayed until 25 January 1991 due to his medical leave. The Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) met on 28 November 1990 and, …
