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846 judgments · newest first · showing 401–600
The petition sought to recall the Bombay High Court's order dated 2 September 1994 that delegated the power to issue social‑status (caste) certificates to the Sub‑Divisional Officer and to replace the directions concerning the composition of caste‑scrutiny committees. The court examined whether the …
The Government of Andhra Pradesh dismissed Inspector B. Ashok Kumar after he was found to have demanded and accepted a Rs. 3,000 illegal gratification to refrain from filing a complaint. The Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunal, after a disciplinary inquiry, held the charge proved and recommended …
The Supreme Court examined whether Amalgamation Pvt. Ltd., a bulk shareholder holding investments in numerous subsidiaries, could claim a capital loss on the forced sale of shares to a subsidiary of a subsidiary, whether a loss incurred while guaranteeing a subsidiary's loan qualified as a business …
Justice S.S. Dewan, former Chief Justice of the Punjab & Haryana High Court, retired on 31‑12‑1989 and elected pension under Part III of Schedule I of the High Court Judges (Conditions of Service) Act, 1954, governed by the Punjab Superior Judicial Service Rules, 1963. On 20‑Feb‑1990 Rule 16 of …
Manohar Lal Mirchea retired as a District and Sessions Judge in 1984, when his death‑cum‑retirement benefits were governed by the All India Services (Death‑cum‑Retirement Benefits) Rules, 1958. In 1990 Punjab amended Rule 16 of the Punjab Superior Judicial Service Rules, making the Punjab Civil …
The case concerned the interpretation of a promotion rule reserving 50% of Assistant Engineer posts for candidates holding a degree in Electrical Engineering and three years of regular service as Junior Engineers. The dispute was whether the three‑year service requirement should be counted from the …
V. Gangaram, a teacher appointed in 1959, obtained successive qualifications (B.A., M.A., B.Ed., M.Ed.) and was granted advance increments on the pay scale each time. The government circulars allowed one increment for a B.A. or equivalent, one for B.Ed., one for M.A., and one for M.Ed., but the post …
The appellant, placed at No.10 on a select list of ten candidates for two lecturer positions in Physical Education, sought appointment after two candidates were already appointed. The government rejected his claim, citing an amendment to the Kerala Collegiate Education Service Special Rules, 1994, …
The Chairman of a bank, Kulwant Singh, was surcharged for allegedly using a bank car for unofficial purposes and purchasing furniture, with the bank seeking personal recovery of the expenses. The High Court quashed the surcharge, prompting the bank to appeal. The Supreme Court directed the Joint …
The 1994 Gram Panchayat Sarpanch election in Rewa district resulted in Smt. Ram Rati being declared elected over Saroj Devi. Saroj Devi filed an election petition alleging that the election was not properly conducted and that a recount was not carried out despite an alleged application. The Tribunal …
The case concerned a violent incident on 22 September 1990 in which five accused formed an unlawful assembly and attacked two victims, resulting in the deaths of Mohan and Sekhar. The prosecution charged the accused under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, including murder (302) and …
The Thiagarajar Charities Trust, created in 1962, carried on a business of buying and selling cotton yarn under a board resolution. The Trust claimed exemption from income tax under Section 11 of the Income‑Tax Act, arguing that the business was merely a means to achieve its charitable objects and …
The landlord sought eviction of tenants under the Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1986, claiming a bona‑fide requirement for his own occupation after demolishing and reconstructing the premises. The tenants argued that the landlord’s claim should fall under Section 21(1)(j), which provides a right of …
The appellant was tried before the Sessions Court for uxoricide and was convicted under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code for murder. On appeal, the Andhra Pradesh High Court set aside the murder conviction and, invoking Section 222 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, convicted him instead under …
The landlord filed an eviction suit under Section 11(l)(c) of the Bihar Buildings (Lease, Rent & Eviction) Act, 1982 and simultaneously moved an application under Section 15 for arrears of rent both before and after the filing of the suit. The Subordinate Court ordered the tenant to deposit all …
M/s. Chillies Export House Ltd., a public limited company engaged in exporting chillies, claimed that its activities of sorting, grading, clipping, stemming and fumigation (the latter performed by a contractor) amounted to "processing of goods" under the Finance Acts, making it an "industrial …
Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd., a wholly‑owned Central Government company, entered into a contract to build a stadium for the Greater Cochin Development Authority. The Authority deducted 1% of the contract value as a contribution under the Kerala Construction Workers Welfare Funds Act, …
The appellants owned 25 bighas of land in Khirkee village that were covered by a composite notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 issued on 5 November 1980, and a subsequent declaration under Section 6 published on 7 June 1985, more than three years later. Several writ …
The appellants inherited land that had been sold by a Mool Raiyat in 1939 to Bimal Kanti Roy Choudhury and subsequently in 1950 to their father, Radha Prasad Singh. The sale of 38.09 acres was approved and mutated by the Sub‑Divisional Officer and Deputy Commissioner after a seven‑month scrutiny, …
The Union of India challenged two orders of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) that had granted higher pay‑scales to a laboratory assistant and a malaria technician beyond those prescribed in the Central Civil Services (Revised Pay) Rules, 1986. The Supreme Court held that the Tribunal had …
The State issued a notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to acquire land in Gadwal for a bus depot. The Land Acquisition Officer initially awarded compensation of Rs 8,000 per acre, which was enhanced by the Civil Court to Rs 20 per square yard and confirmed by the Andhra …
The Maharashtra Public Service Commission sought to appoint a Deputy Medical Superintendent, prescribing a post‑graduation in Medicine and fifteen years of experience as mandatory qualifications. Dr. Bhanumati Purushottam Tathod, the respondent, had only fourteen years of experience and was not …
Dr. Sailabala Padhi applied for the post of Professor of Environmental Science at Berhampur University. The Selection Committee found no candidate qualified, but the Sub‑Committee of the Syndicate recommended her appointment based on her marks and her MSc in Botany (Algology) and PhD in Algology. …
The respondent, a doctor employed by the Government of Tamil Nadu, was absent from duty without authorization for five years (May 1 1982 to May 1 1987). A departmental enquiry under Rule 17(b) of the Tamil Nadu Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules led to his removal from service. The Tamil Nadu …
The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUD A) issued a notification inviting applications for allotment of houses, requiring applicants to deposit earnest money and stipulating that no interest would be payable on such deposits. The respondents applied on 20 April 1993, but were unsuccessful in …
The respondent, who had not produced documentary proof of his date of birth, was assessed by a medical board to be about 25 years old and was allowed to retire in 1984 instead of 1980. He filed an application before the Labour Court under Section 33-C(ii) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, …
The respondents, engaged as contract labour by a contractor, were denied full payment of their wages and claimed arrears. The Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court held that the principal employer, the Senior Regional Manager of Food Corp. of India, was liable to pay the outstanding balance. On …
The respondents, teachers in the Haryana Education Department, sought payment of salary in the selection‑grade pay‑scales, which the Punjab & Haryana High Court had granted. The Government issued an order (20 August 1996) stating that selection‑grade posts would be computed on the basis of total …
The State of Orissa appealed against the Orissa High Court’s order that allowed writ petitions of teachers seeking additional amounts based on a cut‑off date of 1 April 1981 for acquiring qualifications. The Supreme Court examined whether the cut‑off date prescribed by the Government was valid and …
The Haryana State Electricity Board (the Board) had a policy that, when land was acquired, one member of the landowner's family must be given employment. Shamsher Singh, a son of the landowner, applied for appointment but died before the Board could appoint him. The Board then appointed his widow, …
The U.P. State Industrial Development Corporation, a state undertaking, underwrites shares of companies and, when the public does not subscribe, purchases the shares itself, receiving underwriting commission and brokerage. It adjusts the commission against the cost of those shares, treating it as a …
The appellants were appointed as voluntary teachers under the Himachal Pradesh Voluntary Teachers Primary Scheme, 1991. Respondent No. 4 contested the appointment, alleging he was more meritorious and that the Selection Committee should not have preferred the appellants. The Himachal Pradesh …
Kuldip Chand was appointed as a voluntary teacher on a tenure basis under the Himachal Pradesh Voluntary Teachers Primary Scheme, 1991. Respondent No. 4 challenged the appointment, alleging that he was academically superior and that the Selection Committee unjustifiably awarded higher viva‑voce …
The appellant, a manufacturer of Ayurvedic toothpaste containing 4% tobacco, challenged a 1992 government notification that prohibited the manufacture and sale of any Ayurvedic drugs licensed as tooth‑pastes or tooth‑powders containing tobacco. The notification was issued under Section 33(E) of the …
On 6 March 1977, the deceased Sukhuwa and his relatives were returning from a festival when the accused, armed with lathis, suddenly attacked him on the head and other vital parts, causing injuries that led to his death. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 302 read with Section 34 of …
The petitioners, workmen employed as sweepers, canteen workers and other staff at international airports, challenged their continued status as contract labour after the Supreme Court’s decision in Air India Statutory Corporation v. United Labour Union which abolished contract labour. They sought …
The dispute concerned a perpetual lease obtained in 1937 for premises used by the respondent to run a hotel. In 1991 the respondent sued the appellant alleging breach of a lease condition (clause 7(2)) and obtained an ad‑interim injunction restraining the appellant from continuing the hotel …
The Cantonment Boards of Saugor, Mhow and Jabalpur imposed an entry tax on motor vehicles under Section 60 of the Cantonments Act, 1924. The Madhya Pradesh High Court struck down the tax, holding that Section 6 of the Madhya Pradesh Motor Vehicles Taxation Act, 1947 barred any local authority from …
The respondent, a permanent U.D.C. employee of the Hirakund Project, was offered and accepted a temporary appointment in the Dandakarnya Project after the closure of his original project. The appointment letter stipulated a 25% deputation allowance for permanent or quasi‑permanent employees, along …
The respondent, an Inspector in the Punjab Civil Supplies Corporation, was found to have filled wheat bags with husk and misappropriated large quantities of wheat, and later repeated similar misconduct in collaboration with another inspector. After an enquiry, the disciplinary authority reduced his …
The appellants, two scientific assistants originally appointed in the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), were transferred to the Director General of Inspection (DGI) and the Technical Committee (Engineers Stores) following a departmental trifurcation. They sought repatriation to …
The State of Bihar recruited for Class III posts through the Bihar State Selection Service Board, advertising 1,005 positions and receiving a large number of applications. After selection, the government claimed appointments were made based on pay scale and educational qualifications, without …
The Supreme Court examined the recruitment of Class III posts by the Bihar State Selection Service Board, where no merit list was prepared and candidates were selected solely on educational qualifications and pay‑scale considerations. The High Court had held that such selection without a merit list …
The appellant, brother of the original tenant, continued to pay rent after the landlords directed payment to new persons and later sold the property to the respondents without giving the tenant notice of the sale. After a notice dated 29 September 1986 demanding arrears, the appellant tendered the …
The plaintiff, B.S. Aulakh, was appointed on probation as Plant Protection Expert in MARKFED and discharged before completing probation. He was subsequently appointed Plant Protection Officer in SUGARFED, later confirmed, and his post was abolished by a resolution dated 20‑12‑1977. Aulakh filed a …
The respondent, an IPS officer recruited in 1968, had his date of birth recorded as 17 June 1939 in his service book, based on his school certificate and application. In 1982 he sought to change it to 15 June 1941, citing his horoscope and a sub‑registrar's record, but both the state and central …
Prem Nath Sharma, who held a mining lease for a granite unit under the Uttar Pradesh Minor Minerals (Concession) Rules, 1963, saw his lease expire on 31 March 1995. The District Magistrate (DM) issued a notice on 31 March 1995 under Rule 72(ii) inviting applications for a fresh lease, specifying 2 …
Shri Chamba Singh, a police officer who had served since 1961, was ordered to retire prematurely on public interest grounds under Rule 3(i)(a) of the Punjab Civil Services (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975. He had earlier been punished under the Punjab Police Rules, 1934, with forfeiture of three …
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) advertised three Assistant Professor of Medicine posts requiring a minimum of three years teaching experience. Out of 37 applications, UPSC shortlisted 20 candidates for interview by applying a higher criterion of at least four years’ experience, as …
R.C. Tiwari, an employee of M.P. State Co‑operative Marketing Federation Ltd., was dismissed for misconduct. He obtained a reference under the Madhya Pradesh Societies Act, which confirmed the dismissal and became final. He then approached the Labour Court under Section 10(1) of the Industrial …
The dispute concerned the validity of elections to the Committee of the Sree Narayana Dharmasanghom Trust. After a series of orders by the Kerala High Court, a Special Leave Petition (SLP) was filed in the Supreme Court and dismissed. The appellant argued that the dismissal of the SLP was not a …
Udaysingh, a Civil Judge, was accused of demanding Rs.10,000 as illegal gratification to influence a judgment. The allegation led to adverse remarks in his confidential report, a disciplinary enquiry, and ultimately his dismissal by the High Court acting as disciplinary authority. Udaysingh …
Sera Kella Glass Works, a sheet‑glass manufacturer, filed price lists and paid excise duty based on its own calculations. The Assistant Collector issued several show‑cause notices, directed provisional assessment under Rule 9‑B and later modified the price list, disallowing most deductions. The …
Achutananda Baidya sold land to Prafullya Kumar Gayen, who later claimed the sale was made under distress and that an oral agreement existed for reconveyance, invoking the West Bengal Restoration of Alienated Lands Act, 1973. The Special Officer allowed restoration, but the appellate authority set …
The respondents, promoted Deputy Agricultural Officers in Tamil Nadu's Agricultural Extension Subordinate Service, claimed parity in pay with directly recruited Agricultural Officers, arguing that they performed substantially the same duties. The Tamil Nadu Administrative Tribunal granted them equal …
The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), a government research institute under the Department of Space, retired employee K.G. Sharma at age 58, prompting him to claim a statutory retirement age of 60 under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Labour Court held that PRL was an "industry" within the …
The State, through a notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, acquired 12 hectares of land in Marida village for a highway project. The Land Acquisition Officer initially awarded compensation of Rs.250 per are, which was enhanced to Rs.2,500 per are by the Assistant …
The landlord, Ansuya Ben Kantilal Bhatt, filed a suit in 1966 seeking eviction of tenant Rashiklal Maniklal Shah under the Bombay Rents, Hotel & Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947 on the grounds of personal occupation and alleged rent default. After 31 years of litigation, the Supreme Court …
The petitioners, members of the Okhla Enclave Joint Action Committee, filed writ petitions under Article 32 alleging that the builder (Durga Builders Ltd., the ‘coloniser’) was not sincerely allotting the plots they had booked. The dispute centered on whether the coloniser should allocate plots …
The appellant, D.P. Patil, retired in 1975 and failed to exercise the option to switch to a pension scheme during several extensions of the deadline. After others were granted pension benefits by a Tribunal, he filed a petition claiming ignorance of the extensions and sought a pension. The Tribunal …
The Supreme Court revisited its earlier direction in Union of India v. Ghanshyam Dass Kedia (1996) concerning the allotment of land to 19 petitioners. Applications filed by the Union of India and the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) proposed four alternatives for allocating plots. After hearing …
The Sector‑6 Bahadurgarh Plot Holders Association filed a contempt petition alleging that the State of Haryana had failed to comply with a Supreme Court direction to fully develop the allotted plots within six months. The Supreme Court had earlier ordered that the sector be "fully" developed, not …
The appellant, Ramavatar, sought promotion to Engineer‑in‑Chief on the basis of a Scheduled Tribe (ST) status. The Supreme Court examined his claim by directing him to submit a genealogy table of his family history. The affidavit revealed that his ancestors originated from Bilaspur, Madhya Pradesh, …
The respondents' property was acquired under the Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952. After the Land Acquisition Collector fixed compensation, the respondents objected and an arbitrator enhanced the award. The Single Judge set aside the arbitrator’s award and fixed a …
The Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya had undertaken a project under a scheme sponsored by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), creating 625 posts that were co‑terminus with the scheme. Employees working as binders, machine operators and Class IV staff filed a writ petition in …
The Nadar Mahajan Sangam established N.M.S.S. Vellaichamy Nadar College in 1965, but the term of its managing society committee expired on March 31, 1966 and elections could not be held, leading to a disputed management of the college. A trial judge, instead of conducting an inquiry himself, …
The appellants, originally employed on the diesel side of Indian Railways, were trained and transferred to the electrical locomotive side after the introduction of electric engines. A dispute arose regarding the inter‑se seniority of those already working on the electrical side versus the …
The petitioners, teachers in privately aided Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic colleges, sought to obtain pension and gratuity benefits under the Maharashtra State Government Civil Service (Pension) Rules, 1982, which did not expressly cover them. The State of Maharashtra argued that extending such …
Madras Industrial Investment Corporation Ltd. issued debentures at a 2% discount, creating a liability of Rs. 3,00,000 payable over 12 years. For the assessment year 1968‑69 it wrote off Rs. 12,500 as the proportionate discount for six months. The Income‑Tax Appellate Tribunal allowed deduction of …
The appellants, a Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) of four members, filed a suit for partition in 1954, with a final decree in 1961. The Wealth Tax Officer assessed the family for assessment years 1958-59, 1959-60 and 1960-61, treating it as an undivided family of four members because no physical …
The insured had taken four LIC policies and missed the third half‑yearly premium. A general agent collected a bearer cheque for the overdue premium after the grace period, encashed it and deposited the amount with LIC after the insured's death. LIC rejected the claim, stating the policies had lapsed …
A dispute over land allotment between the Vankar community and Harijans in Gujarat escalated into a riot involving a mob of 100‑150 persons, during which four Vankars were killed and thirteen injured. The mob also ransacked and set fire to several houses. The accused A‑34, A‑35 and A‑36 were …
The case concerned land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for the Sriram Sagar Project. After the award of compensation was made on 22 November 1965, the claimants received the payment without protest. They later filed a writ petition alleging that a reference under Section 18 of the Act …
The respondents filed a suit for permanent injunction restraining the defendants from constructing, filling, alienating, and transferring possession of a specific property. The first defendant did not lead any evidence, and the trial court closed his evidence. The appellant, a subsequent purchaser …
The respondents, liquidators of the former West Bengal Provincial Company Ltd., challenged the State's acquisition of about 30 miles of land for a railway line, arguing that the vesting under the West Bengal Estates Acquisition Act, 1953 did not apply to non‑agricultural land and that the …
Maulana Azad College, Ranchi, a minority institution, had entered into a 1972 agreement that no new posts could be created without the Vice‑Chancellor’s prior permission. After the Bihar State Universities Act, 1976 came into force, the college created a post and appointed Syed Asad Raza in 1979. …
The petitioner, L.N. Venkatesan, challenged land acquisition proceedings that began with a notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (published 11‑June‑1975) and a declaration under Section 6 (published 3‑March‑1978). He obtained interim court orders in 1982 and 1986 that …
The appellant, Suresh Chandra, an Assistant Manager (Electrical), sought promotion to the solitary Senior Manager (Electrical) post using the rule of roster (reservation) for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The respondents filed a writ petition contending that reservation could not be applied …
Godhra Electricity Co. Ltd., a licensee under the Electricity Act, raised electricity rates but could not recover the increased charges because of protracted consumer litigation, a government advisory to maintain status quo, and a takeover of its undertaking under the Defence of India Rules. The …
The appellants, non‑resident ship owners, had tax assessed on their shipping earnings under Section 172(4) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and paid the tax. They later exercised their right under Section 172(7) to obtain a regular assessment, which showed that the tax previously paid was in excess. The …
The appellants, M/s Raag Rang and others, claimed they had paid their telephone dues of Rs. 5,370.35 plus reconnection charges, yet faced a threat of disconnection. The General Manager, Delhi Telephones, issued a letter stating that no record of such payment existed in its bonds. The dispute …
The appellant owned 22.38 acres of land and executed a document on 20 April 1972 that purported to be an agreement to sell 11.76 acres for Rs.50,000, with Rs.48,000 allegedly received as consideration. The sale deed was never executed, and the respondent, a money‑lender, issued a notice and sued for …
The Catholic Syrian Bank, as mortgagee, obtained a preliminary decree (1951) and a final decree (1952) against mortgagor Manickam Mudaliar. While objections to the final decree were pending, a money creditor obtained a separate money decree, and the mortgaged property was sold in execution to …
The appeal filed by Sri Nandlal Tejmal Kothari before the Supreme Court challenged an order of compulsory purchase of his property made under the Income Tax Act, 1961. The appellant contended that the order was arbitrary and that the statutory period for payment of consideration under Section …
Smt. Maya Dutta bought 1,065 sq. ft. of land from Bangur Land Development Corporation Ltd., a private agency, after the Urban Land (Ceiling of Regulation) Act, 1976 came into force. She sought permission under Section 27(2) of the Act to sell the building constructed on the land; the competent …
The appellant claimed a sale agreement dated 9 August 1959 and filed a suit for specific performance on 5 November 1972, after the respondent had obtained a possession decree in his favour on 9 November 1971. The appellant issued a notice to the respondent on 22 August 1972, asserting denial of the …
The appellant purchased a one‑third share in a property and filed suits for declaration of title and partition. While the suit was pending, the Tehsildar, under the Tamil Nadu Minor Inams (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1963, conducted a suo motu inquiry and granted a Ryotwari patta to …
Manjunatha Gowda, a coparcener in a Hindu joint family, received a 4/5 share of family property after a partition in 1965. He died in 1971, and his widow Smt. Sathyaprema Manjunatha Gowda and their unmarried daughter claimed a share of the estate under Section 8(1)(d) of the Hindu Law Women’s Rights …
The appellant, a Scheduled Caste employee of Indian Railways, was promoted up to Welfare Inspector Grade III and sought promotion to Grade II after a restructuring increased the proportion of posts in each grade. The restructuring raised the total Grade II posts from 23 to 26, which, with a 15% …
The landlord filed an eviction suit under Section 21(1)(a) of the Uttar Pradesh Premises (Regulation of Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972, claiming a bona‑fide need for the premises to start a cloth business. The prescribed authority rejected the claim, but the appellate authority reversed that decision …
The Supreme Court examined whether the Karnataka Entertainment Tax authorities could reassess "escaped turnover" for periods prior to the commencement of Rule 29‑F, which prescribes a five‑year limitation for exercising the power under Section 6‑B of the Karnataka Entertainment Tax Act, 1958. The …
The Supreme Court heard an appeal by special leave against a Punjab & Haryana High Court order dismissing a writ petition that challenged the Ludhiana Improvement Trust's land acquisition. The Trust had issued notifications under the Punjab Town Improvement Act, 1922 (equivalent to Section 4(1) of …
The appellant (landlord) leased land to the respondent (tenant) in 1953 for seven years. The tenant built a house within five years, which was destroyed by fire in 1958 and subsequently rebuilt. The landlord served a notice to vacate on 12 December 1959 without the one‑month period required under …
The respondents, originally Senior Assistant Grade‑II teachers, were promoted to Grade‑I and claimed entitlement to graded advance increments based on their total length of service under Government Order (G.O.) No. 41 dated 4 February 1980. The Tribunal had set aside their claim on a procedural …
Ramanath Patnaik, who entered the Orissa State service as a clerk in 1944, had his date of birth recorded as 1 January 1921 based on his matriculation certificate. After retiring in 1976, he filed a suit in 1981 seeking a declaration that his correct date of birth was 1 January 1925. The trial court …
V. Satyanarayana died leaving his widow Raghavamma, a minor son (the appellant) and a daughter (the respondent). A 1955 compromise decree partitioned the estate, granting the widow a life interest with reversion to the son. After the Andhra Pradesh Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) …
Two recognised workers' unions and a third union (respondent No.2) that was not recognised under the Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions and Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices Act, 1971, challenged a circular issued by the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation regarding payment of …
The appellants claimed tenancy rights over a 689.28‑acre partnership property that had been declared evacuee property after one partner migrated to Pakistan. They argued that, under Section 12(2) of the Displaced Persons (Compensation and Rehabilitation) Act, 1954, a tenancy existing before 14 …
The appellants and respondents were holding haats (market places) on land in Uttar Pradesh. The dispute centered on whether the Settlement Officer under the U.P. Consolidation of Holdings Act, 1954 could adjudicate a case involving buildings on that land used for commercial purposes. Section 3(5) of …
Mohd. Marghoob Siddiqui, who had migrated to Pakistan before 1947 and became a Pakistani citizen, claimed Bhumidari rights of his mother Kabool Fatima after her death in 1965 and sold the land to the appellants. The Union of India and others initiated proceedings under the Enemy Property Act, 1968, …
The petitioners, manufacturers of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drugs, challenged the amendment to Section 3(h) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, arguing that it arbitrarily prohibited the manufacture of drugs administered by the parenteral route and violated Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) of the …
Pratap Pharma Pvt. Ltd. and others filed writ petitions under Article 32 challenging the amendment of Section 3(h) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (as amended by Act 68 of 1982), alleging it was arbitrary and violative of Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution. The petitioners contended …
The respondent firm, M/s Prakash Trading Corporation, sold goods both on its own account and as a commission agent for 24 disclosed principals. The Commercial Tax Officer assessed sales tax under Section 6‑B of the Bengal Finance (Sales Tax) Act, 1941 on the firm’s total turnover, including the …
The Kerala High Court classified 17 acres of land acquired for a Kerala Road Transport Corporation depot into two belts – land abutting the road and low‑lying land below one metre – and awarded different compensation rates. The appellant challenged this classification, arguing that the belting …
The appeal concerned whether a lecturer appointed in 1976 without the requisite qualifications could receive salary under the Government's Grant‑in‑Aid Scheme. The State clarified in 1987 that unqualified lecturers with at least second‑class marks could be eligible, and a 1983 resolution prescribed …
R.V. Swamy, a deceased freedom fighter, claimed a Central Freedom Fighters pension based on certificates issued by prominent freedom fighters. The Madras High Court, after appreciating the evidence, directed that the pension be granted to his legal representatives. The Government of Tamil Nadu …
The appellant, Luxmi Devi, joined the police service as a Constable in 1981 and, through superior performance, was promoted and confirmed ahead of respondent No.6, Asha Rani, who was later transferred to Rohtak range at her own request. After the appellant's deputation period ended, the State …
The petitioner, a bank employee, was charged with sanctioning loans to fictitious persons and a domestic enquiry was initiated. He applied for permission to engage an advocate, which was denied by the bank and upheld by the High Court. The petitioner argued that the pending criminal case on the same …
The Committee of Management of Arya Nagar Inter College appointed Sree Kumar Tiwari as an ad‑hoc teacher on 1 July 1986 for a short‑term vacancy. His services were terminated on 30 May 1988 effective 30 June 1988, after which he challenged the termination by a writ petition. While the petition was …
The Haryana State Agricultural Marketing Board advertised for Assistant Secretary posts requiring a graduate degree, knowledge of the Punjab Agricultural Produce Marketing Act and at least three years of experience in a government or semi‑government body. Krishan Kumar was appointed based on …
The Uttar Pradesh Government created two separate corporations under the U.P. Water Supply and Sewerage Act, 1975: the state‑wide Jal Nigam and the locally‑jurisdictioned Jal Sansthans. Employees of the Garhwal Jal Sansthan Karmachari Union sought parity in pay with Jal Nigam employees, relying on a …
K.G. Kulkarni, a former sorter in the Railway Mail Service who was working as a clerk in the Speed Post Section, was denied an opportunity to appear for the departmental examination for promotion to Postal Superintendent/Postmaster Group B. He challenged the decision before the Central …
The Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation sought higher compensation for 24.9 acres of land acquired for a road transport depot. The Collector initially awarded Rs. 11.25 per square yard, which was enhanced to Rs. 25 per square yard by the Additional District Judge under Section 18 of the …
The case concerned the Baroda District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union Ltd., where the Committee was elected for a three‑year term, but the Collector convened a meeting to elect a President and Vice‑President for a one‑year term. The petitioners argued that, under Sections 74‑C and 145(2) of the …
B.N. Misra was appointed on an ad‑hoc basis as an Ayurvedic Medical Officer in October 1983. After an unauthorised five‑year absence, a government order dated 8 September 1989 allowed him to resume duty upon production of a fitness certificate, treating the absence as a break in service. A selection …
The Supreme Court examined the applicability of the Mysore Agricultural Department Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1961, to determine the inter‑se seniority between directly recruited officers and promotees in the Karnataka Agricultural Service. The appellants contended that the Karnataka …
The Sri Kanyakaparameswari Committee claimed that its temple was a denominational institution entitled to protection under Articles 26(b) and 26(d) of the Constitution, seeking exemption from the Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Religious Institutions Endowment Act, 1987. The High Court recognized a …
The appellants, owners of saw‑mills, challenged the constitutionality of the Madhya Pradesh Kashtha Chiran (Viniyaman) Adhiniyam, 1984 and the M.P. Transit (Forest Produce) Rules, 1961, contending that the mandatory maintenance of detailed records (Forms D‑1, D‑2, D‑3) and the consequent risk of …
The State of Punjab appointed a general‑category employee as Junior Technical Assistant and later promoted a Scheduled Caste candidate to the sole Assistant Superintendent post, which was reserved under the roster. The aggrieved general‑category employee sought a mandamus to de‑reserve the post, …
The petitioner, Rajeev Mankotia, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking protection of the Viceregal Lodge in Shimla as an ancient monument of national importance, opposing the Union Government's plan to convert it into a tourist hotel. The Court examined the definition of "ancient monument" …
The petitioners, who were appointed as daily‑wage assistant, driver and peons in a cooperative training institute of the Bihar government, had their services terminated by the institute's principal. They filed a writ petition alleging that their dismissal violated Section 25F of the Industrial …
The petitioners' land was acquired by the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, and the acquisition became final after the Supreme Court dismissed their earlier special leave petition. The petitioners later offered to give part of the land …
While serving as a Tehsildar, A.K. Jadhav was caught in a trap for demanding and accepting an illegal gratification of Rs.20,000. The Commissioner of the district suspended him on 21 March 1996 pending investigation. Jadhav challenged the suspension, arguing that only the State Government, as the …
The case involved a dacoity on 22 December 1987 at the house of Sanfula Devi, during which three persons were murdered and valuables stolen. The trial court convicted twelve accused under Sections 396 and 120‑B IPC, and the High Court added convictions under Sections 302 and 34 IPC. The Supreme …
The appellants imported stainless steel circles in October 1980 and were assessed customs duty under Tariff Heading 73.15(2), which carried a higher rate. They contended that circles should be classified under the residuary sub‑heading 73.15(1) at a lower rate. The Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) …
The respondent, Sri N. Umapathy, purchased the suit property and associated machinery from his vendor and has been in continuous possession since November 1989. The appellant, B.V. Muniyappa, holds a mining lease over the same land, granted by the Government on 29 November 1993. The trial court …
Mrs. P.K. Sandhu, an in‑service officer of the Lok Sabha Secretariat, filed a writ of quo warranto challenging the appointments of several Additional Secretaries, Joint Secretaries and the Secretary to the Speaker who had been placed on deputation before the recruitment rules were amended. The …
The respondents, who were licensees of a portion of a house belonging to Baij Nath, sued Makhanlal for permanent injunction, possession and damages, claiming they had no right to remain after the licence was revoked. Makhanlal contended that he had contributed half the cost of constructing the …
Shri B.L. Sidhana, a temporary cash clerk in the Delhi Milk Scheme, was accused of misappropriating funds and was placed under suspension. While the criminal prosecution was pending, the competent authority terminated his services under Rule 5(1) of the Central Civil Services (Temporary Service) …
Premier Fabricators entered into a contract with Heavy Engineering Corp. that contained an arbitration clause. Disputes over items 2‑5 of the claim were referred to two arbitrators, who agreed the items were arbitrable but could not agree on the merits, so they appointed an umpire. The umpire issued …
The appellants, Gujarat cement manufacturers, challenged three Rajasthan notifications that reduced the Central Sales Tax on inter‑state cement sales to 7% and later 4% and dispensed with the mandatory Form C declaration. They argued that the notifications were not issued in public interest, …
The appellant National Insurance Co. Ltd. issued two fire policies with a Riot and Strike endorsement to the respondent Sujir Ganesh Nayak & Co. When a strike halted production and caused damage, the insurer denied liability, invoking Special Condition 5(i)(b) which excludes loss from cessation of …
The non‑resident company Banque Nationale de‑Paris challenged a Super Profits Tax assessment that included interest received on Central and State Government securities. It argued that, under Clause X of Rule 1 of the First Schedule of the Super Profits Tax Act, 1963, such interest should be excluded …
The appellants, processors of cashew nuts in Kerala and Karnataka, purchased raw cashew nuts imported by the Cashew Corporation of India (CCI), a canalising agency, and argued that these purchases were "in the course of import" and thus exempt from state sales tax under Section 5(2) of the Central …
The petitioners challenged the promotions of several engineers in the Uttar Pradesh Public Works Department, arguing that the Supreme Court's decision in Indira Sawhney (Mandal) that reservation in promotion was unconstitutional could not be postponed for five years. The Court examined whether the …
The State Fishery Officers' Association entered into a tripartite agreement with the West Bengal government in 1961 to improve service conditions for fishery department officers. While the government issued orders granting all benefits except monetary ones for the period 1961‑1981, the association …
The Himachal Road Transport Corporation (HRTC) initiated disciplinary proceedings against conductor Shri Kewal Krishan for failing to issue tickets. The enquiry was started by the Assistant Manager, Mr K.N. Uppal, who had been designated as Head of Office under the HRTC (Class III & IV) Services …
The Supreme Court examined whether a civil servant can be suspended before retirement when an enquiry into a grave criminal offence is merely contemplated. K. Munniappan, a Divisional Engineer, was served a suspension order under Rule 17(e)(1) of the Tamil Nadu Civil Services (CCA) Rules because an …
The Supreme Court considered a review petition filed by the widow of the original petitioner who had died, seeking to set aside the abatement of the suit caused by the death. The Court examined whether the application to bring legal representatives on record, filed after the 90‑day period prescribed …
C.S. Joshi, a lower‑division clerk at IIT Kanpur, was removed for fabricating records and misappropriating funds. Under Section 4‑K of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, the Labour Court ordered his reinstatement with 50% back‑wages. The institute obtained a writ petition and the High Court reduced …
The appellants, rice millers, supplied rice to the Food Corporation of India under the Andhra Pradesh Rice (Procurement Ex‑Mill Prices) Order, 1975 and were paid the notified procurement price. The State later issued a memorandum (Nov 2 1976) extending that price to the 1976‑77 crop and, by a …
The respondent, a manufacturer of trailers and steel furniture, sought a refund of excise duty on the ground that the aggregate value of clearances of both items in the preceding financial year was below Rs 20 lakhs, invoking paragraph 2(ii) of Notification No. 80/80. The Assistant Collector …
Dr. Chaudhary, originally appointed as an Associate Professor of Neurosurgery on an ad‑hoc basis, was later promoted to Professor. Dr. Ramesh Chandra challenged the promotion, arguing that Chaudhary lacked the requisite qualifications under the Indian Medical Council Regulations (IMCR) 1971, …
The Delhi Stock Exchange Association Ltd., a company limited by shares, claimed exemption from income tax under Section 11 read with Section 2(15) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, asserting that its income was derived from property held in trust for charitable purposes. The claim pertained to assessment …
The petitioners, employees of the Food Corporation of India, sought promotion to Assistant Manager Category II under the Staff Regulations, 1971, which require three years of experience as Assistant Category I. The Promotion Board issued executive instructions that relaxed this experience …
The respondent purchased three bighas and six kathas of land from the Raja Dumraon Raj in 1957 and filed a suit for declaration of title. The appellant claimed he had been in possession of the land as a lessee since 1925 and the trial court dismissed the suit, finding the appellant to be a raiyat. …
The University of Cochin adopted Kerala State Subordinate Service Rules 14‑17A to reserve certain non‑teaching posts for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and advertised six such posts for special recruitment. The first respondent, a Section Officer, applied for the posts but was not selected …
J.P. Sharma, who had been Headmaster of a Junior High School since July 1974, contested the appointment of Man Singh Verma as Headmaster of the same school after it was upgraded to a High School in July 1976. The selection was made under Section 16‑E(2) of the U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921, …
The appellant, Ram Sakhi Devi, was appointed headmistress of a junior high school that was upgraded to a high school. The managing committee selected her under the U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921, but the District Inspector did not ratify the appointment. The appellant challenged the dismissal …
A writ petition filed by MP Dinesh Trivedi and NGOs under Article 32 sought full disclosure of the Vohra Committee Report, its supporting annexures, and the names of officials implicated, and challenged the constitutionality of Section 5 of the Official Secrets Act, 1923. The Court held that the …
The petitioners filed writ petitions seeking a Supreme Court direction that all States appoint sufficient Special Judicial Magistrates (SJM) and Special Metropolitan Magistrates (SMM) under Sections 13(1) and 18(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, to clear the massive backlog of petty criminal …
The appellant banks entered into ready‑forward (buy‑back) contracts with brokers before June 1992, consisting of a completed ready leg (purchase of securities) and a future forward leg. The Custodian, under the Special Court Act, claimed the contracts were void for violating RBI circulars issued …
The appellants, Jai Parkash and others, challenged the compensation awarded for land acquired by the Union of India in village Keshopur under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The Land Acquisition Collector had divided the land into blocks with varying rates, which were later raised by the Additional …
The seven‑Judge Constitution Bench examined the constitutional validity of sub‑clause (d) of Article 323A and Article 323B, which sought to exclude the jurisdiction of all courts except the Supreme Court under Article 136, and Section 28 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, which attempted a …
The Supreme Court examined whether the Coal Controller, exercising powers under Clause 8 (and 9) of the Colliery Control Order, 1945, could direct Central Coalfields Ltd. (CCL) to transfer allotted steam‑coal from Urimari and Jarangdih collieries to Sirka collieries, thereby overriding CCL's …
The Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) was liable to pay non‑agricultural assessment levied under the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code on lands it had leased to various lessees. The lessees contested this liability, arguing that Rule 9 of the Nagpur Improvement Trust (Land Disposal) Rules, 1955 made the …
The plaintiff, a mortgagee, sought redemption of a usufructuary mortgage created in 1946 over a property that was then under a lease expiring in 1948. The defendant, the lessee, claimed that his leasehold right survived the mortgage and gave him a non‑evictable interest, preventing the mortgagee …
The petitioner, K. Ponnamma, and her husband were charged under Sections 302 and 201 of the Indian Penal Code; the husband was convicted while the petitioner was acquitted. During the pendency of the criminal trial she was suspended under Kerala Service Rule 57, which bars drawing any pay except a …
The vacancy for an E.C.G. Technician in the Northern Railway Hospital was filled by promoting a Scheduled Caste candidate, Prakash Kaur, under a 40‑point roster and rule of rotation that reserved the post for SCs. An unsuccessful general‑category candidate challenged the promotion, arguing that …
The Flag Officer Commanding‑in‑Chief and others appealed against a decision of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) that ordered the appointment of Mrs. M.A. Rajan, a Scheduled Caste candidate, to a Grade III Stenographer post in the Ministry of Defence. The recruitment rules prescribe three …
The appellant, a government employee, was dismissed after suspension but the Central Administrative Tribunal set aside the dismissal and reinstated him on 13 March 1992, also directing that he receive all consequential benefits. The appellant did not receive those benefits, filed a contempt petition …
Mohan Lal and others appealed against an order of the Himachal Pradesh Administrative Tribunal concerning the inter‑seniority of direct‑recruits to the Excise and Taxation Inspectorate (Class III) Service. The dispute centered on the interpretation of Rule 11 and Rule 4 of the Himachal Pradesh …
The case concerned land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, with a notification issued in 1970 and an award passed in 1980. The respondents sought a reference under Section 18, and the District Judge enhanced compensation, applying the provisions of Amendment Act 68 of 1984. The …
The respondent, an employee of Power Finance Corporation Ltd., applied for voluntary retirement under a scheme intended to reduce surplus staff. The corporation accepted his resignation on 20 December 1994, subject to the clearance of outstanding dues, and said the acceptance would be effective from …
The petitioner applied for a 15‑year mining lease over 12.08 acres of private land in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. The Director initially granted a six‑month lease, but the landowners challenged the grant and the High Court ordered that any lease could be issued only with the owners' consent. …
The case involved parallel suits concerning Premises No. 31, Raja Santosh Road, Alipore, where the landlord (Indian Standard Casting Co.) obtained an ex parte decree in a suit against the principal tenant and executed possession, despite a pending suit in another court that had granted a status‑quo …
The appellant, Ganesh, a member of the forward caste ‘Thakur’, claimed that he belonged to the Scheduled Tribe categories ‘Ma Thakur’ or ‘Ka Thakur’ in Maharashtra and applied for a caste certificate. The Scrutiny Committee examined his claim and rejected it, finding that he did not satisfy the …
Dr. B.S. Goel, Head of the Department of Statistics at M.M. Degree College, Modinagar, went on a one‑year foreign assignment with the college’s prior approval. After the assignment expired, the Managing Committee asked him to resume duties; he failed to do so, prompting an inquiry into his …
The appellants filed a suit in 1961 seeking declaration of ownership and possession of certain immovable properties, which was tried under the Portuguese Civil Procedure Code. The trial court prepared an especificacao and questionnaire under Articles 515 and 516, but dismissed the suit. On appeal, …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of the Uttar Pradesh Sri Kashi Vishwanath Temple Act, 1983, which transferred ownership of the temple and its endowments to the deity and vested management in a Board of Trustees, after allegations of mismanagement and theft. Petitioners, who claimed …
The case concerned the acquisition of land by the State under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. A notification under section 4(1) was published in May 1986, objections were filed and rejected, a declaration under section 6 was issued in August 1987, and an award was made in December 1988, after which …
The Karnataka High Court had enhanced compensation for dry land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to Rs 58,000 per acre, up from the Land Acquisition Officer's award of Rs 8,000 and the reference court's award of Rs 38,000 per acre. The appellants challenged this further enhancement, …
The respondent, Bateshwar Sharma, was serving as an ad‑hoc Superintending Engineer while several departmental misconduct proceedings were pending against him. The Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) examined his suitability for promotion from Executive Engineer and found him unfit for promotion …
Krishan Niwas, a government employee, was convicted under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment, leading to his removal from service under Article 311(2). The conviction was later modified to Section 325 IPC with a 1½‑year sentence. After serving the term, a departmental appeal reduced …
The appellant filed a suit for declaration of ownership and possession of two plots, which was dismissed by the trial court and affirmed by the appellate court. The High Court, in a review, reversed the appellate decree, claiming that relevant precedents were not cited, and held the transaction to …
Sambhoo Nath Misra filed a private complaint against R.D. Tripathi, a government servant, alleging offences under IPC sections 409, 420, 465, 468 and 477A for forging his signature and misappropriating Rs.443.90. The magistrate dismissed the complaint on the ground that sanction under Section 197 of …
The Punjab State Electricity Board supplied electricity to Ashwani Kumar, later issuing a bill of Rs.1,90,498.79 for the period Dec 1983‑Jan 1985. Kumar filed a civil suit seeking a permanent injunction to restrain the Board from recovering the amount. The trial court decreed in his favour, an …
Allahabad Bank suspended clerk Deepak Kumar Bhola under clause 19.3(a) of the First Bipartite Settlement after a CBI investigation and charge‑sheet alleging forgery, cheating and other offences involving moral turpitude. Bhola challenged the suspension before the Allahabad High Court, which quashed …
The Supreme Court examined an incident where the Coast Guard vessel CGS Vivek and the Indian Navy ship INS Kirpan intercepted the merchant vessel MV Yahata on the high seas because it was not flying any national flag and was emitting "Not under Command" lights. The master, V. Jayachandra, gave a …
The State of Haryana appealed the Punjab & Haryana High Court's acquittal of five accused who had been convicted of rioting, murder and attempted murder. The High Court had set aside the trial court's convictions on the basis that the accused acted in private defence of person and property. The …
Corromandal Pharmaceuticals Ltd., declared a sick industrial company, had a rehabilitation scheme sanctioned by BIFR in 1990. The Andhra Pradesh Commercial Tax Department issued sales‑tax assessments for 1992‑93 and 1993‑94 and began recovery proceedings in 1994‑95, after the scheme was in force. …
The Supreme Court examined the operation of M/s. Al‑Kabeer slaughter house in Andhra Pradesh, which was established under the Agricultural Processing Export Development Authority Act, 1986 to promote beef exports. The appellants argued that the inter‑ministerial committee’s reliance on livestock …
The respondents, Tool Room Assistants in the Integrated Fisheries Project, were placed in the pay scale Rs 800‑1150 (maximum Rs 1150) and argued that their post, classified as "skilled" under the Central Government's notification, fell in Group C and thus entitled them to the higher Group C pay …
The State of Maharashtra appealed the Bombay High Court’s order quashing the charge of rape against spiritual teacher Priya Sharan Maharaj and others. The High Court had discharged the accused on the basis that the accused was a saintly man and that the victims’ delayed complaints and lack of …
East India Pharmaceutical Works Ltd. had an overdraft facility and paid its income tax out of that overdraft, claiming the interest of Rs. 28,488 as a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Assessing Officer disallowed the claim, the Tribunal upheld the disallowance, and the …
Jagdish Singh, a member of Dronacharaya Co-operative Group Housing Society, also enrolled in Tribal Co-operative Housing Society Ltd., violating Rule 25(1)(c)(iii) of the Delhi Co-operative Societies Rules, 1973. The Registrar issued a show‑cause notice, found him disqualified, and ordered cessation …
The Chandigarh Administration, bound by a 1966 Home Ministry notification to follow Punjab's pay pattern, initially gave storekeepers the clerk pay scale but later, at the college principal's request, raised the scale for five incumbent storekeepers. After accepting the Second Pay Commission's …
The premises allotted to the appellant's mother under the Bombay Land Requisition Act were occupied by the appellant after her death. The respondent landlord obtained a court order for derequisition and possession, and the State Government ordered the appellant to vacate by 30‑August‑1996. The …
The appellant, N.S. Nale, sought redemption of a possessory mortgage on an inam land that had been resumed and regranted under the Bombay Pargana and Kulkarni Watans (Abolition) Act, 1950. The mortgagee, Bapu Ganpati Jagtap, failed to pay the statutory occupancy price required for regrant, yet …
The deceased businessman Prem Narain's sole proprietorship, Mis Meera & Co., was continued after his death by his widow Krishna Gupta on behalf of herself and their three minor children. The Income Tax Officer treated the business as a "body of individuals" and assessed the income accordingly, which …
Allied Motors (P) Ltd. claimed a deduction for sales‑tax collected in the last quarter of its accounting year 1983‑84, which was paid to the treasury in the next year but before the filing deadline. The Income‑Tax Officer disallowed the deduction under Section 43B of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The …
The assessee firm, whose partners were Karta of their respective Hindu Undivided Families, advanced personal funds to the firm and received interest on those deposits. The firm claimed a deduction for this interest under Explanation 2 to Section 40(b) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, but the Income Tax …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of the Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (Determination of Conditions of Service of Employees) Act, 1988 and the schemes framed under it in 1989 and 1996. The appellant union argued that Section 3 of the Act gave the Central Government unguided …
The Collector of Central Excise appealed against the classification of three types of laminated sheets—decorative, industrial (paper‑based), and glass‑epoxy—manufactured by Bakelite Hylam Ltd. The issues concerned whether the sheets fell under Entry 15A(2) of the 1944 Excise Act, the residuary Entry …
The Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board revised electricity tariffs and imposed a late payment surcharge under a Notification issued pursuant to Section 49 of the Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948. Several consumers, including Mis. Kanoria Chemicals, obtained a stay of the Notification in writ …
Arora Enterprises Ltd. and others sued Indubhushan Obhan, an undischarged insolvent, for declaration that a sale agreement was valid and for recovery of money. After Obhan's death, the plaintiffs sought to implead his legal heirs via a chamber summons, which the trial judge dismissed on the grounds …
The respondent owned agricultural land in Delhi and built a farm house that was occupied only occasionally for agricultural purposes. The Delhi Municipal Corporation levied a general tax on the building under Section 115(4)(c) of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957. The respondent claimed …
The husband and wife, married in 1970, lived separately from 1983 and filed a joint petition for divorce by mutual consent under Section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act in 1984. The husband later moved a sole application for decree, while the wife withdrew her consent after the statutory 18‑month …
The Supreme Court examined a recruitment process for Junior Engineer where the advertisement specified a fixed last date for applications and a minimum qualification. Thirty‑three candidates who did not possess the qualification on that date but obtained it before the interview were allowed to …
The petitioners challenged a land acquisition notification issued on 10 January 1981 under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (and the corresponding Kerala provision). They argued that the later denotification of part of the land under Section 48 disturbed the integrality of the original …
