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611 judgments · newest first · showing 401–600
Chetan Dass married Kamla Devi in 1976 and, after about two years, filed for divorce under Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act, which was dismissed when the couple's relations improved. The wife later lodged a criminal complaint alleging the husband’s illicit relationship with a nurse, prompting …
The appellant, Mis. Somaiya Organics (India) Ltd., manufactured industrial alcohol and was initially exempt from a vend fee under the U.P. Excise Act, 1910. The exemption was withdrawn in 1979 and the company filed writ petitions; the High Court ordered it to give a bank guarantee and/or deposit …
An advocate, representing accused persons in three criminal cases, filed a writ petition in the Allahabad High Court challenging the transfer of those cases from a District & Sessions Judge to an Additional District & Sessions Judge/Special Judge, alleging that the transfer hampered speedy trial. …
The appellants, pucca tenants, filed an application under Section 91 of the Madhya Bharat Land Revenue and Tenancy Act, 1950 seeking reinstatement after being dispossessed, but the revenue authorities dismissed their claim. They subsequently filed a civil suit for declaration of title and …
The appellants, retired District Judges, were appointed as Presidents of District Consumer Forums under Section 10 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The Punjab Government issued an order on 25‑January‑1996 directing that the pension they received as retired judges be deducted from the salary …
The respondent, Anjan Sanyal, a probationary officer of the State Bank of India (SBI), was transferred several times, including to the bank's Central Office in Mumbai, but repeatedly refused to join the postings and filed representations seeking cancellation. The Calcutta High Court, both a Single …
The workmen of a jute mill, transferred to the National Jute Manufacturers Corporation under the Jute Companies (Nationalisation) Act, 1980, were originally entitled to ten paid national/festival holidays and seven days of casual leave, including Deepawali as a paid holiday. After the transfer, the …
The Railway Board issued a notification for 330 Group‑D "Khalasis" posts, later increasing the vacancies to 917 without a fresh public notice. After interviews, a panel of 917 candidates was published. The Central Administrative Tribunal quashed the panel on grounds of the unnotified increase in …
In 1984 a communal riot in Calcutta led to the murder of two police officers. Four persons were initially sentenced to death, but on retrial only Lokeman Shah and Nasim @ Naso were convicted; the High Court altered Shah's sentence to life imprisonment and upheld Naso's death sentence. Both …
Dr. Rajinder Singh filed a writ petition challenging the promotion of respondent No.3 to Deputy Director (Health Services) on the ground that the respondent had not completed the ten years of service required under Rule 9A(c) of the Punjab Civil Medical (State Service Class I) Rules, 1972. The …
The appellant Muninanjappa claimed that a Will dated 1 June 1942 gave him and Guruswamy only a limited, non‑alienable life interest in a house, with absolute ownership only if a son was born. Guruswamy died without male issue and his widow Sevamma sold the property to respondents R. Manual and …
The Supreme Court examined two writ petitions challenging termination orders issued under Section 19 of the Army Act read with Rule 14 of the Army Rules. Both petitioners had earlier faced General Court‑Martial proceedings that were either annulled or became time‑barred under Section 122. The High …
Ukaram was convicted for the murder of his wife and minor daughter based solely on the wife's dying declaration. The wife, Parveena, was alleged to have suffered from mental illness, raising doubts about her capacity to make a reliable statement. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution …
The case concerned the determination of inter se seniority among Indian Railway medical officers who were either directly recruited through the UPSC or initially appointed on an ad‑hoc basis and later regularised. The Supreme Court examined whether periods of service rendered before regularisation …
The importer C.L. Jain Woolen Mills brought polyester filament yarn from Korea, which was seized by customs under Section 111(d) of the Customs Act, 1962. The High Court quashed the seizure and ordered release of the goods without demurrage, a decision that became final after the Revenue's special …
The appellant, a tenant, sought restoration of possession of agricultural land after the landlord's widow took possession following a termination under Section 31 of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. The widow leased the land to another tenant within eleven years and eleven months …
Mis. K. Sreetlite Electric Corporation appealed against an order of the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner, Haryana, which imposed damages of Rs 88,731.25 under Section 14‑B of the Employees' Provident Funds & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 for belated contributions for July 1976‑June 1980. …
Workmen employed by Bank of India at various collection centres and clearing houses claimed entitlement to a special assistant allowance under the Industrial Disputes Act. The Industrial Tribunal held that the workmen were entitled to the allowance for the days they worked at the centres and ordered …
The appeal concerned whether an arbitrator appointed under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 could be deemed a "Court" for the purposes of Section 195(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1974, and consequently whether Section 340 Cr.P.C. could be invoked against an arbitrator. The …
The appellant, Narsingh Prasad Singh, filed a criminal appeal after his daughter was brutally beaten with a burning wooden stick by the respondents, Raj Kumar and others, for alleged dowry demand. The trial court convicted the respondents under Section 498-A of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced …
The original owner sold two adjoining parcels to the appellants and the first respondent, each deed describing a specific area and granting a right of ingress and egress over an open passage. The first respondent later executed a Release Deed relinquishing all rights except passage, but subsequently …
The Supreme Court considered appeals by Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. and other insurers against claims filed by Hansrajbhai V. Kodala and others under Section 163A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 for lump‑sum compensation on a structured formula basis. The claimants had also sought interim …
The appellant, Mis. Tandon Brothers, owned the Rohini Tea Estate and was served a notice under Section 6(3) of the West Bengal Estate Acquisition Act, 1953, declaring 1,451.40 acres surplus. After a long delay, the State issued a second notice superseding the first and sought possession of a larger …
The appellant, a partnership firm, owned a house property that was attached and proclaimed for sale under tax recovery proceedings. The property was auctioned in 1980 and a bid was accepted, but the tax demands against the firm were later reduced to nil after successful appeals before the Income Tax …
The respondent, a former constable of the Border Security Force (BSF), resigned after 12 years and 8 months of service under Rule 19 of the BSF Rules, 1969. The Government of India, relying on a 1995 Government Order, granted him full pensionary benefits, which were not released, leading to a writ …
C/M. St. John Inter College, a minority educational institution under Article 30, terminated the services of its employees without obtaining prior approval of the Inspector as required by Section 16G(3)(a) of the U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921 and Regulation 44. The Allahabad High Court set …
The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Shambhu Nath Singh and others for murder and related offences under IPC sections 302, 307 and 149. The prosecution’s key eye‑witness, PW‑1, was examined in chief but his cross‑examination was repeatedly postponed despite his presence on numerous dates, while the …
The case arose from a long‑standing feud between the families of Bhagwan Ram and Krishan Lal. On the night of 21‑22 August 1992 the accused entered Bhagwan Ram's house and fired indiscriminately, killing Bhagwan Ram, his son Sunder Ram and his mother Chando Devi, and injuring Subhash Chander (PW2) …
The appellant was remanded to judicial custody for offences under the IPC and the Maharashtra Protection of Interest of Depositors Act. After the statutory 60‑day period for filing a charge‑sheet elapsed, he applied for bail, asserting the indefeasible right under the proviso to Section 167(2) of …
In the 2000 Haryana Assembly election, Kartar Singh Bhadana was declared elected, but the runner‑up, Hari Singh Nalwa, filed a petition alleging that Bhadana held five mining leases and was therefore disqualified under Section 9‑A of the Representation of People Act, 1951. The Punjab and Haryana …
An accident on 1 March 1993 involving a truck driven by Liaqat Ali resulted in three deaths. The insurer, New India Assurance Co., claimed it was not liable for third‑party compensation because the driver allegedly held a forged licence, constituting a breach of the insurance policy. The Motor …
The respondents, former employees of E.I.D. Parry (I) Ltd., retired under a voluntary scheme in 1984 and received gratuity under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Because their monthly wages exceeded Rs 1,000, they were not covered by the definition of "employee" in Section 2(e) of the Central Act, …
A petition under Sections 397 and 398 of the Companies Act, 1956 was filed by several shareholders alleging oppression and mismanagement, including the illegal removal of a director and unfair share valuation. The Company Judge found the grievance legitimate, ordered the petitioners to sell their …
The appellant, a resident adjoining a plot owned by the 5th respondent, challenged the Kerala State Government's orders granting exemption from the Kerala Municipal Building Rules, 1968 for the construction of an eight‑storeyed building. The exemption was issued despite the application not being …
Maruti Wire Industries Pvt Ltd supplied imported tallow to Tata Oil Mills but failed to file a return of turnover under the Kerala General Sales Tax Act, 1963. The Sales Tax Officer assessed the tax, which was paid, and later demanded penal interest under Section 23(3) for the period from the due …
The landlady, owner of Gomathi Lodge, filed eviction proceedings against several tenants seeking demolition and reconstruction of the premises under Section 14(1)(b) of the Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960, and later amended the petition to claim additional accommodation under …
Four workmen alleged that they were employed at Ramkanali Colliery before the coal mines were nationalised on 1 May 1973 and that they were unlawfully stopped from work. The management contended that the workmen were not employees on the appointed date and that the amendment substituting Section 14 …
The Supreme Court, hearing M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, examined the failure of the Delhi government and private bus operators to meet its earlier order (28 July 1998) that the entire city bus fleet be converted to CNG by 31 March 2001 and that no bus older than eight years operate on diesel after …
The respondent society applied for registration under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 1976, specifying a particular bank branch for receiving foreign contributions. It later received drafts from a foreign donor and deposited them in a different bank branch, failing to intimate the Central …
Syndicate Bank filed a suit in Goa to recover a loan advanced to Mr. Prabha D. Naik and others, alleging default on a promissory note. The trial court and the High Court dismissed the suit as barred by limitation, holding that the Portuguese Civil Code's Article 535 governed limitation in Goa. The …
The Rajasthan Government, by a 1990 notification, declared medicinal and toilet preparations containing more than 20% proof alcohol to be "liquor" under the Rajasthan Excise Act and its 1989 Rules. Several manufacturers of Ayurvedic medicines challenged the notification and the Rules as beyond the …
Cadila Health Care Ltd. (appellant) and Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (respondent) are successor companies of the former Cadila Group, each manufacturing drugs for cerebral malaria under the brand names 'Falcigo' and 'Falcitab' respectively. The appellant sought an injunction on the ground that the …
The deceased A.T. Nanjappa Rao left two widows, a senior and a junior, and no issue. The senior widow adopted B.T. Shankar, the plaintiff, without the junior widow's consent. The junior widow contested the adoption, arguing that under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 a widow must obtain …
The appellant, father of a woman allegedly murdered by her husband (respondent No.2), challenged the grant of regular bail by a Metropolitan Magistrate in a murder case (Section 302 IPC) after the accused had earlier obtained anticipatory bail for lesser offences. The High Court dismissed the …
Vallampati Kalavathi, the landlady, filed an eviction suit against tenant Haji Ismail under Section 10 of the Andhra Pradesh Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control Act, 1960, alleging non‑payment of rent and a bona‑fide requirement to house her children for higher education. The Rent …
The appellant, convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, filed an appeal that remained pending in the Madhya Pradesh High Court for many years without being listed for hearing. The High Court rejected her bail application, prompting a petition before the Supreme Court. The Court held …
Ugar Sugar Works Ltd., a manufacturer of Indian Made Foreign Liquor, challenged a Delhi Administration notification issued under the Punjab Excise Act, 1914 and Delhi Liquor Licence Rules, 1976 that imposed Minimum Sales Figures (MSF) as a condition for obtaining an L‑1 licence for the excise year …
During the peak of militancy in Punjab, two teenage sons of Diwan Singh were abducted from their home by four armed men, including the appellant Sucha Singh, and were later found shot dead. The parents were present in the house at the time of the abduction. The prosecution proved the abduction and …
The appellants sought a restrictive voters list under the Maharashtra Cooperative Societies (Second Amendment) Act, 2000, arguing that the amendment should apply to societies that had already become members before the amendment. The High Court dismissed their writ, holding the list was finalised …
The Board of Management of H.S.I. Said Mosque (landlord) sought to evict tenant Kandaswamy from a vacant plot in Bangalore under Section 21(1)(i) of the Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961, claiming the land was needed for a new building. The trial court initially granted eviction, but the Karnataka …
Assam Company Ltd. and another were engaged in cultivation, manufacture and sale of tea, a composite income taxable under both the Central Income Tax Act, 1961 and the Assam Agricultural Income Tax Act, 1939. The State Agricultural Income Tax Officer refused to accept the agricultural income …
The appellants filed a suit for partition and rendition of accounts which was decreed by the lower appellate court. The Punjab and Haryana High Court entertained a second appeal under Section 41 of the Punjab Courts Act, 1918, set aside the decree, and did so without framing a substantial question …
The employer (Raja Ram Maize Products) directed workmen to resume duties after a strike, but refused to let them work. The workmen filed applications under the Madhya Pradesh Industrial Relations Act seeking a direction to be allowed to resume work and claim wages. The employer contended that the …
The workmen of a coking coal colliery were retrenched in June 1971 before the mine was taken over by the Central Government and nationalised under the Coking Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, 1972. After nationalisation, the new management, Bharat Coking Coal Ltd., refused to re‑employ the 111 …
The Bihar Government’s 1995 Industrial Policy, under Section 78‑A of the Electricity Supply Act, 1948, granted exemption from minimum guarantee charges to new industrial units with a connected load up to 500 kVA. The Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB) issued a resolution to implement this …
V.S. Mallimath, a retired Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court, was appointed Chairman of the Central Administrative Tribunal and later a Member of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) until he turned 70. He challenged three deductions: the deduction of his judicial pension from his NHRC …
The dispute between East India Hotels Ltd. and Agra Development Authority was referred to arbitration, and the umpire filed the award on 13 November 1998, which the trial court made a rule of court on 25 February 1999. The respondent challenged the award in a revision, arguing that the court had not …
The plaintiff entered into an agreement with the original defendant to develop dwelling units for weaker sections under Section 21 of the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976, but possession of the land was never transferred and the agreement contained a clause allowing unilateral …
In a marriage governed by the Hindu Marriage Act, the wife obtained a decree of judicial separation on the ground of the husband's adultery, and the husband was ordered to pay maintenance to his wife and daughter, which he failed to do. The husband later filed a petition for divorce under Section …
The respondents, appointed as Kurk Amins on commission basis by District Magistrates/Collectors of Uttar Pradesh, were tasked with recovering outstanding dues of cooperative societies. The State of Uttar Pradesh contended that such Kurk Amins, being appointed under a scheme of the Registrar of …
The appellant, the mother of a deceased youth, appealed against the Delhi High Court’s order that quashed the murder charge (IPC s.302) framed against the accused and directed the trial court to give detailed reasons for framing charges. The Supreme Court held that under Sections 227 and 228 of the …
A drug inspector sampled a formulation purchased from a retailer and, after analysis by a Government Analyst, found it to be misbranded, adulterated and spurious. The manufacturer, Amery Pharmaceuticals, sold the drug through a distributor and was charged under Sections 27(b), (c) and (d) of the …
The Supreme Court examined an appeal arising from the closure of a data processing division of a computer services company. The central question was whether the activities of data processing and software preparation constitute a "manufacturing process" under Section 2(k) of the Factories Act, 1948, …
Following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984, communal riots resulted in the deaths of thousands of Sikhs across several states. The Delhi High Court awarded compensation to the dependents of those killed in Delhi, invoking the expanded interpretation of Article 21 of the …
The Supreme Court entertained a contempt petition filed by members of the Paschim Banga Rajya Bhumijibi Sangh alleging that the Court's earlier order maintaining status quo on land possession was violated by revenue officers who took over land belonging to two petitioners. The crux of the dispute …
The respondent Ritesh was charged with murder and related offences, including criminal conspiracy, for allegedly killing his beloved Shubhangi, a Scheduled Caste member. The trial court denied bail, finding him complicit in the conspiracy. The High Court, on a revision petition under Section 439 of …
Four life convicts who had served more than 18 years (over 24 years including remission) filed writ petitions under Article 32 challenging the State Government's refusal to grant them premature release. The petitioners argued that, under Rule 591(29)(4) of the West Bengal Rules for Superintendence …
The Supreme Court examined the murder of an army officer allegedly orchestrated by his wife (Al) and her paramour (A2) with the help of two accomplices (A3, A4). The trial court convicted Al and A2 under Section 302 IPC, while acquitting A3 and A4; the High Court upheld Al and A2's convictions and …
Chilakuri Gangulappa filed a civil suit to enforce a sale agreement that was found to be insufficiently stamped. The Munsif Court impounded the document and sent it to the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO), who, after assessing market value, imposed a penalty of ten times the stamp duty deficiency. …
Ashok Yeshwant Badave issued a post‑dated cheque dated 20‑Jan‑1996 as part of a sale transaction. The cheque was presented on 7‑Jul‑1996, within six months of the date on the cheque, and was dishonoured. The complainant filed a criminal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, …
The Revenue appealed a Gujarat High Court order that quashed a pre‑emptive purchase notice issued under Chapter XX‑C of the Income‑Tax Act. The respondents, co‑owners of an immovable property in Ahmedabad, had agreed to sell the whole property for Rs 47 lakhs, which exceeded the Rule 48‑K limit of …
Tata Consultancy Services appealed against the Andhra Pradesh High Court's decision that standardized computer software is a "good" liable to sales tax under the Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act, 1957. The High Court distinguished between customized software (potentially not a good) and …
Rathi Menon, a 22‑year‑old passenger, was thrown from a train in 1996, sustaining paraplegia and loss of both an arm and a leg. She filed a claim for compensation under Section 124A of the Railways Act, 1989 before the Railway Claims Tribunal. While the claim was pending, Rule 3(2) of the Railway …
The respondent, Drive‑In Enterprises, operated a drive‑in cinema where patrons could view films while seated in their motor cars. The State of Karnataka imposed an entertainment tax on the admission of each motor vehicle into the auditorium under sub‑clause (v) of clause (i) of Section 2 of the …
The Supreme Court examined the conviction of Pawan Kumar and co‑accused for abetment of suicide, dowry harassment and related offences under Sections 306, 498A, 201 and 193 of the IPC. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence and a statutory presumption under Section 113A of the Evidence …
The Ahmedabad Stock Exchange sought to dispose of the membership of its deceased member, Rajesh Shah, after his heirs declared they could not meet his liabilities. The Exchange declared him a deemed defaulter and exercised its right under the Exchange Rules to vest the membership in the Exchange and …
The case concerned a gruesome family murder motivated by a land dispute, for which Suresh (A‑1) and his brother‑in‑law Ramji (A‑2) were convicted of murder and sentenced to death, while their wife Pavitri Devi (A‑3) was acquitted. The State appealed the acquittal, arguing that A‑3’s presence at the …
The Municipal Council of Kota levied a "dharmada" tax on goods entering its limits under a 1968 notification issued pursuant to Section 104(2) of the Rajasthan Municipalities Act, 1959. Delhi Cloth & General Mills Co. sought an injunction restraining the levy, arguing that dharmada was not an octroi …
The appellants were convicted for offences under Sections 148, 149 and 302 of the IPC based solely on the testimony of PW‑7, a cousin of the deceased and an interested witness. The Supreme Court held that the burden of proof lies on the prosecution and must be discharged beyond reasonable doubt. It …
Dr. A.K. Doshi was appointed as Member (Technical) of the Company Law Board after a Selection Committee had recommended another candidate (the 2nd respondent) and placed Doshi on a reserve panel. Allegations against the 2nd respondent were not presented to the Selection Committee but were used by …
The appellants purchased raw cashew nuts, a notified agricultural produce under the Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1966, and processed them into cashew kernels, also a notified produce. While they paid market fee on the purchase of cashew nuts, the Market Committee …
The A.P. Bankers and Pawn Brokers Association, engaged in money lending and pawn broking, challenged a municipal notification that required them to pay a licence fee under Section 521(e)(ii) of the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act, 1955. The High Court had dismissed the petition, holding that the …
The Supreme Court examined the validity of the Kerala Judicial Service Rules, 1991 which integrated the Civil Judicial Service and Criminal Judicial Service into a single Kerala Judicial Service. Sub‑rule (4) of Rule 3 fixed a 3:1 ratio for Subordinate Judges versus Chief Judicial Magistrates and a …
The Supreme Court was asked to clarify its 10 May 1996 order directing H‑category hazardous industries in Delhi to surrender their land for green‑belt development. The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) sought directions on six specific issues, including the extent of land to be surrendered, the …
Birla Cement Works, a cement manufacturer, paid transport operators for carriage of its goods without deducting tax at source under Section 194C of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) issued a circular on 8 March 1994 extending the applicability of Section 194C to all …
Jayalakshmi Coelho and Oswald Joseph Coelho, married under the Special Marriage Act, executed a mutual‑consent divorce agreement on 26 July 1991 that also dealt with property and child‑custody matters. Their petition for divorce sought only a decree of divorce, and the Family Court granted it …
The landlords applied under Section 4 of the Tamil Nadu Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960 for fixation of fair rent of premises occupied by Shaw Wallace & Co. The Rent Controller and the Appellate Authority excluded a 1,752 sq.ft. area described as "platform and henpen" from the building, …
The State, represented by the Land Acquisition Officer and Mandal Revenue Officer, sought to acquire 7.35 acres of land and initially valued it at Rs 17,200 per acre. The District Court enhanced the valuation to Rs 65,762 per acre, and the Andhra Pradesh High Court further raised it to Rs 75,000 per …
The respondent, Bhabhan Singh, was elected President of a municipal council in Samrala, Punjab, but the State Government failed to publish a notification of his election as required by Section 24(2) of the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911. The Principal Secretary also issued a show‑cause notice and later …
KanHai Mishra was convicted by the trial court and the Patna High Court for the rape and murder of Rita Kumari, based solely on six alleged circumstantial facts. The Supreme Court examined whether those circumstances satisfied the legal test that circumstantial evidence must be wholly inconsistent …
The respondent, an Executive Engineer in Gujarat, was suspended pending disciplinary proceedings and was compulsorily retired under Rule 161(1)(i)(aa) of the Bombay Civil Services Rules, 1959. The High Court set aside the retirement order, holding it punitive because it was passed without a …
Criminal proceedings under the Income‑Tax Act were instituted against the respondents while appeals against the income‑tax assessments were pending before the Income‑Tax Appellate Tribunal. The respondents sought a stay of the criminal case, which was granted by the Metropolitan Magistrate, affirmed …
The mining company Damodar Mangalji & Co. challenged a 1977 notification issued by the Government of Goa, Daman & Diu under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, arguing that the Act should not apply to mining establishments because the term "mine" should be limited to the ore‑extraction site …
The appellant, a contractor, claimed a higher rate for extra hard‑rock excavation under a government contract, invoking Clause 63 and alleged an error apparent on the face of the arbitral award. The arbitral panel had rejected the claim, and the trial court remitted the award for reconsideration …
Patangrao Kadam challenged the election of Prithviraj Yadav Deshmukh in a Maharashtra Assembly by‑election, alleging corrupt practices under Sections 100(1)(b), 100(1)(d)(ii), 100(1)(d)(iv) read with Section 123(4) of the Representation of People Act, 1951. The petition also named Sampatrao Chavan, …
Lalsa Ram, a direct‑recruit Naib Tehsildar, was promoted to Deputy Collector solely on seniority. The Uttar Pradesh government later ordered his compulsory retirement under Rule 56(c) of the U.P. Fundamental Rules, relying on several adverse entries in his service record that pre‑dated his …
Real Optical Co. imported Rough Ophthalmic Blanks, which are glass articles used specifically for manufacturing spectacle lenses. The Customs authorities levied counter‑vailing duty on the basis that the blanks fell under Tariff Item 23‑A(4) ("other glass, glassware including tableware"), which …
The appellants, Ramashraya and another, attacked the deceased Ajeet with a lathi, inflicting severe injuries to his skull and body, which caused his death. They argued that the incident arose from a sudden quarrel, that there was no pre‑meditation or intention to kill, and that the offence should be …
Two probationary Munsifs, H.F. Sangati and Kittur Muthappa Hanumanthappa, were discharged from service under Rule 6(1) of the Karnataka Civil Services (Probation) Rules, 1977 on the ground of unsuitability. They challenged the discharge, arguing that the order was punitive, cast a stigma and …
J.K. International filed a complaint alleging criminal breach of trust and cheating, leading to an FIR and a charge‑sheet. The accused sought a writ in the Delhi High Court to quash the criminal proceedings, and the complainant applied to be impleaded as a party so that he could be heard. The High …
The respondents, shareholders of Ambassador Steamship Ltd., received 14 shares of Collis Line Ltd. for each share they held in the amalgamating company under a scheme of arrangement. They later sold 45,318 of these new shares at a profit, and the Income Tax Officer levied capital gains tax, treating …
Bipin S. Panchal was arrested under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act for a massive seizure of methaqualone tablets. The trial court failed to complete the trial within the six‑month period ordered by this Court, leading the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence to seek a further …
The appellant issued a cheque drawn on State Bank of Indore which was presented by the respondent to its own bank and later to a collecting bank, but the cheque reached the drawer's bank after the six‑month period prescribed under the proviso to Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. A …
The petitioners, Indian Christians, challenged the constitutionality of Section 213(2) of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, as amended by the Kerala Amendment Act, 1986, arguing that the compulsory probate requirement applied only to Christians and was discriminatory. Two writ petitions (C No. 137 of …
The appellants, contractors licensed to vend arrack, challenged the Kerala government's demand for excise duty on a designated quantum of rectified spirit, arguing that the duty was unconstitutional, arbitrary and payable only on spirit actually imported. The State had amended Rule 8 of the Kerala …
A Hindu male governed by the Dayabhaga school died intestate, leaving his widow and two daughters. The widow and daughters entered into an agreement to form a Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) and the widow contributed her share of the inherited property to the HUF, omitting the income from her tax …
The appellant, a clerk of a District Cooperative Bank, was dismissed without a charge‑sheet, show‑cause notice or hearing. He filed a suit seeking a declaration that the dismissal was illegal and that he should be reinstated with consequential benefits. The lower appellate court held the dismissal …
Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. awarded two construction contracts to L.K. Ahuja & Co. which later led to disputes and were referred to a sole arbitrator, M.P. Sharma, a former officer of the employer. The arbitrator issued hybrid awards that largely relied on joint statements but decided only the …
Cipla Ltd employed cleaning staff through a contractor and routinely terminated them after eleven months to avoid granting permanent status. The Maharashtra General Kamgar Union filed a complaint under Section 28 of the Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions & Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices …
The Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board entered into a contract with Searsole Chemicals Ltd for continuous 24‑hour electricity supply, with a proviso exempting the Board from liability for interruptions caused by accidents, government orders, strikes, etc. A dispute arose and, under the contract’s …
The appellants were selected by the Bihar Public Service Commission as Motor Vehicle Inspectors under recruitment rules that required specific technical qualifications and years of practical experience. Several writ petitions challenged their appointments on the ground that the candidates lacked the …
The State of Tamil Nadu, acting under the Revenue Recovery Act, auctioned a 2‑acre land after a loan default, which was purchased by the appellant. The respondent filed an application under Section 38 of the Act to cancel the sale, which was rejected on 11‑Jan‑1977, and subsequently filed a suit for …
In 1988 a terrorist attack on Dr. Harnam Singh's house in Kurukshetra resulted in four deaths and several injuries. Fourteen accused, including Daya Singh, were tried under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act and the IPC for murder and attempted murder. The trial court convicted …
The insured, Yash Paul Malhotra, entered into a motor insurance contract on 21‑12‑1993, gave a cheque for the first premium and received a cover note. He died in a road accident on 31‑12‑1993, and the insurer discovered that the cheque had bounced on 10‑01‑1994, cancelling the policy on 20‑01‑1994. …
The State of Tamil Nadu appealed against a Madras High Court order that had quashed a preventive detention order issued on 2 August 1999 against Baskar and three others. The High Court had held the detention order vague because it allegedly did not specify the exact overt act attributable to each …
The State of Tamil Nadu issued a preventive detention order against Balasubramaniam in 1999. The Madras High Court, hearing a habeas corpus petition under Articles 226 and 21 of the Constitution, quashed the order on the ground that the sponsoring authority’s affidavit mentioned six cases while the …
Alpic Finance Ltd., a non‑banking financial company, financed Rs 92.5 million for the purchase of 100 dental chairs for a trust run by the respondents under a lease‑hire purchase agreement. The respondents defaulted on rental instalments and some chairs were found missing, prompting Alpic to file a …
The case concerned the inter‑se seniority of Deputy Tehsildars in Andhra Pradesh appointed between 10 April 1980 and September 1992. The direct‑recruit appointees argued that their seniority must be fixed according to Rule 4(e) of the 1961 Revenue Subordinate Service Rules, as it stood before the …
The dispute concerned the grant of a mining lease over a 10‑acre granite area in Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh. Respondent No.4 (the earlier lessee) applied for re‑grant of the lease after the area was withdrawn from an auction/tender regime (Chapter IV) and returned to the normal lease procedure (Chapter …
Sanshin Chemicals entered into a technical collaboration agreement with Orientals Carbons that contained Clause 8.4, providing that if the parties could not agree on the place of arbitration within 30 days, a Joint Arbitration Committee (JAC) would decide the venue. The JAC determined the venue on …
Mis Presto Industries, an industrial unit in the Kandla Free Trade Zone, claimed exemption from excise duty on waste scrap under Notification No.16/83‑CE after paying only basic customs duty on the scrap cleared for home consumption. The Revenue discovered that the additional duty under Section 3(1) …
A writ petition under Article 32 was filed by R. Karuppan, claiming to act for the Madras High Court Advocates Association, seeking a declaration that Chief Justice of India Dr. A.S. Anand was born on 1‑Nov‑1934 rather than 1‑Nov‑1936 and had therefore retired on 31‑Oct‑1999. The Association’s …
The appellant, a member of the Oraon tribe, alleged that her husband, a Santhal, contracted a second marriage while their first marriage subsisted, and filed a criminal complaint for bigamy under Section 494 of the IPC. The trial magistrate dismissed the complaint for lack of evidence of any tribal …
Park Leather Industry and another, engaged in preparing tanned leather, challenged the levy of market fees imposed by the State of Uttar Pradesh under the Uttar Pradesh Krishi Utpadan Mandi Adhiniyam, 1964, on the ground that tanned leather is a distinct manufactured commodity and not "hides and …
The Indian Banks Association and several nationalised banks challenged an Industrial Tribunal award that classified deposit collectors and commission agents as workmen under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, and ordered back wages, gratuity and other benefits. The banks argued that the collectors …
A senior government officer was charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act for possessing assets disproportionate to his known income. The investigation took four years (1986‑1990) and the government took another two years to grant sanction, after which a charge‑sheet was filed in 1993. The …
Star Construction and Transport Co. and others appealed against The India Cements Ltd. after a non‑speaking arbitration award of Rs. 65,00,000 was reduced to Rs. 49,00,000 by the respondent, who claimed a set‑off of Rs. 16,00,000 arising from two suits pending before the High Court. The respondent …
The appellant V.L. Tresa was accused of murdering her husband Vincent, but the trial court acquitted her of the murder charge (Sec. 302 IPC) due to lack of proof beyond reasonable doubt. She was, however, convicted under Sec. 201 of the Indian Penal Code for causing disappearance of evidence and …
The petitioners, Delhi residents who completed their MBBS outside the National Capital Territory, sought admission to postgraduate medical courses at Delhi University under the 75% state‑quota seats. They argued that the university's rule, which reserves 25% of seats for an all‑India quota and the …
Santosh Hazari filed a suit for declaration of title, recovery of possession and a permanent injunction against Purushottam Tiwar, alleging dispossession of a portion of his land. The trial court decreed in favour of Hazari, rejecting the defendant's claim of adverse possession and the defence of …
The appellant, a Metropolitan Magistrate, complained that a Delhi High Court judgment contained disparaging observations against her, which later entered her confidential annual records and threatened her career. She sought expungement of those remarks under Article 136 of the Constitution, arguing …
The appellants Sanjay, Nawabuddin and Vinod were convicted for murder and robbery after the police recovered a weapon, blood‑stained clothes and stolen jewellery based on their disclosure statements made under Section 27 of the Evidence Act. The defence argued that the statements were inadmissible …
The landlord filed an eviction petition under Section 21(1)(a) of the U.P. Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972, claiming the premises were needed for his son’s medical clinic and his own radio‑repair business. The prescribed authority ordered eviction in 1982; the …
Solidaire India Ltd. had taken three loans from Fairgrowth Financial Services Ltd. and claimed that the agreed interest rate was 18% per annum. The Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions and Securities) Act, 1992, awarded interest at 21.5% and 23% respectively, which the appellant …
The original owner, Smt. Vidyawati Devi, sold land to the appellants on 12 July 1984, and their names were entered as tenure holders in the revenue records. Respondents 3 and 4 forged a sale deed dated 24 July 1984, impersonating the vendor, and attempted to dispossess the appellants. The appellants …
The landlord filed an eviction petition under Section 13 of the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949, alleging non‑payment of rent, unauthorised sub‑letting and that the shop was dilapidated and unfit for human habitation. The trial court ordered eviction, but the appellate court set aside …
The appellant Mahendra Kumar filed a suit for partition of property with his mother, which resulted in a preliminary decree granting equal shares to mother and son, and a final decree after a document alleged the son had relinquished his share, giving equal shares to the mother and respondent No.1. …
Gurbax Singh was seized carrying 7 kg of poppy straw in a polythene bag at a railway platform. A 100‑gram sample was taken and sealed in the presence of a witness, but the seal was later claimed to be wooden by the witness and brass by the investigating officer, and it remained with the witness for …
The Union of India and others appealed against a decree passed by the High Court under Section 17 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 after an arbitrator's award, where the appellants had not filed objections within the prescribed 30‑day period. The High Court had held that such a decree was not an …
The case concerned a 19th‑century grant of six bighas of land in Jaipur as “Udak Jagir” to Swami Ram Ballabh, a disciple of the Ram Sanehi sect. The tenants of the present holder challenged the grant, arguing it was made to a religious institution or as a public trust, and sought exemption under the …
Two related suits were filed in the Calcutta High Court concerning a government contract for the preparation of photo identity cards. The plaintiff, Lohia Jute Press, sued its sub‑contractors for non‑performance, while the sub‑contractors filed counter‑suits seeking return of pledged shares and …
Coal India Ltd., a government company, sought to promote non‑executive employees to the post of Welfare Officer (Trainee) which, under Rule 72(2)(b) of the Mines Rules, 1955, required an MBA with a specialization in Personnel Management recognised by the Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS). The …
The case involved two criminal matters arising from the same encounter, one containing offences exclusively triable by a Sessions Court and the other not. Both were committed to the Sessions Court, but the Sessions Judge transferred the second case to the Chief Judicial Magistrate under Section …
The Intelligence Officer of the Narcotics Control Bureau recovered 18.7 kg of ganja from Shambhu Sonkar and charged him under Section 20(b)(i) of the NDPS Act. The trial court denied bail, but the Calcutta High Court granted bail, holding that Section 37 of the NDPS Act did not apply because the …
The dispute concerned promotions to Executive Engineer in the Haryana Electrical Inspectorate (Group‑A) Service. The service rules required a degree or diploma in Electrical Engineering from a recognised university or its equivalent. The appellants held diplomas issued by the State Board of …
The Supreme Court examined a Karnataka Government notification issued under Section 10 of the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 that prohibited the employment of contract labour in industrial canteens of factories employing 250 or more workers. The petitioners argued that canteen …
The transport wing of Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam (TTD) was transferred to the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) in 1975. Some of the 850 transferred workmen opted to be governed by APSRTC’s rules, while others did not. The workers’ union claimed that, under Clause 13 of the …
The Supreme Court considered two contracts awarded in 1977 for earthwork and aqueduct construction in Andhra Pradesh. The contractors claimed reimbursement for losses caused by a cyclone in November 1977 and floods in June 1978, but their claim letters did not comply with Clause 83 of the contract, …
The River Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., operating a river service with about 8,000 employees, suffered heavy losses during the 1965 armed conflict with Pakistan and entered into a scheme of arrangement with the Central Inland Water Transport Corporation (CIWTC) that transferred assets but not the …
The Kerala Tax on Entry of Motor Vehicles into Local Areas Act imposes a tax on any motor vehicle that enters a local area for use or sale and is liable for registration under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. Petitioners Bose Abraham and others challenged the tax's applicability to excavators and road …
In the 1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election for the Mararikulam constituency, P.J. Francis was declared elected, defeating V.S. Achuthanandan by 1,965 votes. Achuthanandan filed an election petition alleging corrupt practices, improper reception of void votes, and violations of the Constitution …
The Thanthi Trust, created in 1954 to run a Tamil daily newspaper, claimed tax exemption under Section 11 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 for the newspaper's income, arguing that surplus earnings were used for charitable purposes such as education and relief of the poor. The Income Tax Officer …
The case arose from writ petitions under Article 32 seeking pay parity for employees of South Malabar Gramin Bank (a Regional Rural Bank) with employees of nationalised commercial banks. A National Industrial Tribunal, chaired by Justice S. Obul Reddi, awarded parity based on the 4th and 5th …
The petitioners, who were direct recruits to the Delhi Higher Judicial Service (DHJS) in 1988, challenged a gradation list prepared by the Delhi High Court that included five promotee respondents appointed as Chief Metropolitan Magistrates in 1986. The respondents argued that their appointments, …
Paradip Port Trust entered into a scrap‑sale agreement with Unique Builders that contained an arbitration clause. Disputes were referred to an arbitrator who awarded a lump‑sum of Rs 8,51,315 with interest, without giving reasons and based solely on documentary evidence. The Sub‑Judge set aside the …
The petitioner, Babua, was charged under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 for allegedly abetting a conspiracy to possess and sell cannabis and other drugs. The charge was based on statements of a co‑accused who said Babua worked for the alleged drug dealer. The petitioner …
The Enforcement Directorate searched the respondent’s residence and recovered cash, gold biscuits and foreign currency, leading to his arrest and later bail. A detention order under Section 3(1) of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1973 was issued, …
The appellants, Lakshmani Stone Products, operated stone quarries and performed crushing of stones. They challenged the applicability of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, arguing that no notification under Section 4 had listed stone quarries in the Schedule, and …
The Government of Tamil Nadu issued a notification under Section 10(1) of the Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 prohibiting the use of contract labour for sweeping and scavenging in establishments employing fifty or more workers. Mis. Landt Mc Neil Ltd. challenged the notification, …
Ranjit Kaur filed a criminal complaint against Jatinder Singh under IPC 494 for bigamy and against four others under IPC 109 for abetment. The Judicial Magistrate dismissed the complaint for default because the complainant was absent, and she subsequently filed a second complaint with the same …
The appellants, Indian public corporations engaged in manufacturing, imported technical drawings, designs and manuals from foreign collaborators on media such as paper and diskettes under technical collaboration agreements. The Customs Commissioner issued show‑cause notices under Section 28(1) of …
The employer, Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd., terminated 28 workmen, prompting a Central Government Industrial Tribunal to declare the terminations unjust and order reinstatement with 40% back wages. The employer challenged the award in the Patna High Court, where a Single Judge, on a …
The appellant, his brother and father were tried for murder (IPC s.302) of the appellant's wife; the trial court acquitted them after witnesses turned hostile. The Karnataka High Court, however, convicted the appellant under IPC s.304B (dowry death) and s.498A without a specific charge for s.304B. …
The respondent challenged the election of the appellant, Tek Chand, alleging that the independent candidate Nikka Ram's nomination was improperly accepted because he was allegedly holding an office of profit and was a BJP/RSS activist whose votes allegedly cut into the respondent's tally, thereby …
The respondents, owners of sugar and distillery units, were levied water cess under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and paid it under protest. After the Supreme Court in Saraswati Sugar Mills v. Haryana State Board held that sugar industries were not covered by Entry …
Oxford University Press, a branch of the UK university, claimed exemption from income tax for its 1976-77 earnings under Section 10(22) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, arguing that the income belonged to a university existing solely for educational purposes. The Income Tax Officer rejected the claim; …
The Tamil Nadu Government issued a order reserving 50% of postgraduate medical seats for in‑service medical officers and the remaining 50% for non‑service (private) candidates, each category being filled on inter‑se merit within that group. In‑service candidates challenged the scheme, arguing that …
Krishna was appointed a trustee of the Nagpur Improvement Trust for a five‑year term under Section 4(1)(e) of the Nagpur Improvement Trust Act, 1936. The State Government removed him before the term expired by invoking Section 6 of the Act. Krishna challenged the removal, arguing that the removal …
The appellant, Balkrishan, purchased agricultural land in 1960 that was under attachment and later auctioned to a minor son of Mohan Singh. Rajendra Singh, the minor's predecessor, filed an application under Section 250 of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code seeking restoration of possession, and …
The respondent, a bus conductor with the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation, was found in a domestic inquiry to have issued tickets of Rs 1.75 instead of the correct fare of Rs 2.25 for 35 passengers, thereby short‑charging each passenger. He was dismissed, but the Labour Court set aside the …
The Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) invited applications for retail outlet dealerships, requiring applicants to be between 21 and 50 years old. Prithvi Singh was selected, but a rival candidate alleged he was under 21, leading to cancellation of his letter of intent. Singh produced a birth certificate …
Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. issued a cheque to Galaxy Traders which was dishonoured. The appellant served a statutory notice on 13 June 1998, but the respondents claimed they received only an empty envelope and wrote to the appellant on 20 June. The appellant re‑presented the cheque on 1 July, which …
A complaint alleging serious offences was filed before a magistrate who, invoking his power under Section 156(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, ordered the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to investigate and required a final report. The CBI challenged the order, arguing that a magistrate …
The Gujarat Agricultural University, a state‑aided institution, employed daily‑wage workers such as plumbers, carpenters and sweepers. The workers claimed regularisation and benefits of permanent Class IV employees after completing ten years of service, invoking Section 10(1)(c) of the Industrial …
The National Textile Corporation (APKKM) Ltd. entered into a five‑year settlement with its ministerial staff that barred any claim for revision of terms, while a separate settlement with workmen introduced a seven‑day work week and higher emoluments. The ministerial staff later raised an industrial …
The appellant J.K. (Bombay) Ltd employed M as a trainee supervisor and allotted him a company flat. After M resigned, he was directed to vacate but refused, claiming unpaid dues. The company filed a complaint under Section 630 of the Companies Act, 1956 against M and his wife and father. The lower …
Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Co. used Low Sulphur Heavy Stock (LSHS) both as a feed stock in the partial oxidation process for producing liquid ammonia and as a fuel to generate steam for the same process. The company claimed full exemption from excise duty on the entire quantity of LSHS under …
The appellant, Indian Aluminium Company Ltd., challenged the levy of entry tax on furnace oil brought into Karnataka, arguing that Entry No. 11 (and its amended counterpart Entry No. 67) of the Karnataka Tax on Entry of Goods Act, 1979, did not cover furnace oil. A Single Judge had held in its …
Vikram Detergent Ltd and Vikram India Ltd, engaged in packing detergent powder received from manufacturers, claimed deductions for damage discounts and bank charges while computing the assessable value of the goods under Section 4 of the Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944. The Customs, Excise and …
Vinay Nanda, a cashier in the Jammu & Kashmir Procurement Department, was convicted under Section 5(1)(c) of the Jammu & Kashmir Prevention of Corruption Act, 2006 and sections 409 and 468 of the Ranbir Penal Code for misappropriating government funds. The trial court sentenced him to one year of …
The appellants, Amina Ahmed Dossa and others, claimed rights over properties attached under Section 8 of the Terrorists and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and sought relief from the Designated Court under Section 84 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The Designated Court …
The West Bengal State Electricity Board (the Board) invited tenders for a power project and, under its Instruction to Bidders (ITB), evaluated bids. Respondents 1‑4 (Patel Engineering and others) claimed that a systematic computer error had caused clerical mistakes in their bid documents and sought …
The Delhi Golf Club Ltd., a limited company, held a 20‑year temporary lease of government land for operating a golf club, with the lease expressly stating that any continuance beyond the term would also be temporary and that construction required government permission. The New Delhi Municipal …
The respondent, L.A. Balakrishnan, was appointed as an Assistant Professor on probation and was terminated twice within the probation period—first on 16 June 1991 citing unsatisfactory job proficiency, and later on 1 August 1991 by a brief order. Both terminations were challenged before the …
The appellant, St. Anny Felix Pinto, was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and sentenced to imprisonment and a fine of twenty lakh rupees. He appealed to the High Court of Bombay for suspension of the sentence, which the High Court granted on the condition that a portion …
The appellant was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and sentenced by a Judicial Magistrate of First Class to six months' imprisonment and a fine of Rs 83,000. The conviction and sentence were affirmed by the Sessions Judge and the Gujarat High Court. On appeal to the …
The respondents filed a suit seeking a declaration of ownership of site No.20 in Bangalore, relying on an allotment letter (19‑July‑1973) and a possession certificate (18‑March‑1981) issued by the Bangalore Development Authority. The appellant claimed prior possession of a portion of the site and …
The respondent, Nandi Printers Pvt. Ltd., manufactured playing cards (Tariff Item 56) and printed cartons (Tariff Item 68). Under Notification No. 80/80 dated 19‑06‑1980, printed cartons were exempt from excise duty, but the notification barred manufacturers whose aggregate turnover of excisable …
The Collector of Central Excise appealed against the judgment of the Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal (CEGAT) which had allowed Mis. Shalimar Chemical Industries to claim exemption from excise duty on benzene, toluene and xylene under the notification dated 1 March 1984. The …
The case concerned Traffic Apprentices recruited by Indian Railways before 15‑May‑1987 who claimed entitlement to the higher pay scale (Rs 1600‑2660) introduced for post‑cut‑off recruits. The Supreme Court had earlier, in Union of India v. M. Bhaskar, upheld the Railway Board's memorandum limiting …
In 1983 the Government of India, responding to a prolonged textile strike, promulgated an Ordinance and later an Act to take over the management of thirteen textile mills pending their nationalisation. Three Bombay mills – Elphinstone Spinning & Weaving, Jam Manufacturing and New City – challenged …
The appellant was named in a private complaint alleging offences under the Prizes, Chits and Money Circulation Scheme (Prohibition) Act and IPC 420. The Chief Judicial Magistrate, without examining the complainant on oath, ordered the police to register an FIR and investigate under Section 156(3) of …
The case concerned whether an arbitrator appointed, with or without court intervention, could award interest on sums due for the period before the arbitration reference (pre‑reference period) in disputes that arose before the Interest Act, 1978. The contractor’s award included interest from the due …
Ishwar Chand Jain, a direct‑recruit Additional District & Sessions Judge appointed on 2‑May‑1983, was terminated after an extended probation but later reinstated and confirmed by the Supreme Court with effect from 2‑May‑1985. The High Court later fixed his seniority based on a 1990 notification that …
Hindustan Lever Ltd (the appellant) challenged a cease‑and‑desist order issued by the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Commission. The Commission had received complaints from former stockists alleging that the appellant engaged in restrictive trade practices such as tie‑ups, area …
The Vividh Kamgar Sabha, a trade union, claimed that its members were workmen employed by Kalyani Steels Ltd. and filed a complaint under Section 28(1) of the Maharashtra Recognition of Trade Unions & Prevention of Unfair Labour Practices Act, 1971 alleging various unfair labour practices. The …
The Supreme Court examined the convictions of five appellants under Section 3(3) of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) for alleged conspiracy to commit terrorist acts, the recovery of large quantities of arms, ammunition and explosives, and related offences under the …
Sea Pearl Industries, a processor of seafood, entered into an agreement with an eligible export house to export its processed products. The export house opened a Letter of Credit in its own name, which was later endorsed to Sea Pearl and the foreign exchange credited to its account. Sea Pearl …
