A.C. ANANTHASWAMY AND ORS.versusBORAIAH (D) BY LRS.

                A.C. ANANTHASWAMY AND ORS.                               A
                                   v.
                       BORAIAH (D) BY LRS.

                          AUGUST 20, 2004
                                                                         B
             [ASHOK BHAN AND S.H. KAPADIA, JJ.]

     Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 :

     S. 9, Or. 9, r. 13-Suit for setting aside ex-parte decree, alleging C
fraud-Application under Order 9, r.13 filed earlier dismissed-Fraud
neither alleged in the application nor in revision-Held, fraud is to be
pleaded and proved-On facts, except a bare allegation there is no
evidence offraud and the matter being of non-service of summons, suit to
set aside ex-parte decree on alleged ground of fraud not maintainable.
                                                                         D
    Order Vl Rule 4-Fraud-Held, is to be pleaded and proved-An
ambiguous statement cannot per se make the representor guilty offraud.

      Predecessor-in-interest of the appellants, having remained
unsuccessful, upto revisional stage, in getting an ex-parte decree passed E
against him set aside for non-service of summons, filed a suit under
s.9 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, for setting aside the said ex-
parte decree and for permanent injunction restraining the decree-
holder from executing the decree. It was contended that the ex-parte
decree was obtained by practicing fraud and misrepresentation, as F
proper name and address of the defendant were deliberately not given
in the earlier suit. The suit was decreed by the trial court, but dismissed
by the High Court. Aggrieved, the appellants filed the present appeal.

     Dismissing the appeal, the Court
                                                                         G
     HELD : Predecessor-in-interest of the appellants had earlier
moved an application under Order 9, Rule 13 of the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908, for setting aside the exparte decree for non-service of
summons, in which fraud was not alleged; nor was there any such
allegation in the revision. Then, the suit was instituted to set aside the H
                                  649
    650                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2004) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A ex-parte decree on the ground of fraud and misrepresentation. Fraud
    is to be pleaded and proved. To prove fraud, it must be proved that
    the representation made was false to the knowledge of the party
    making such representation or that the party could have no reasonable
    belief that it was true. The level of proof required in such cases is
B   extremely higher. An ambiguous statement cannot per se make the
    representor guilty of fraud. In the present case, except a bare allegation,
    there is no evidence of fraud. The present case being a matter of non-
    service of summons, the suit to set aside the decree on alleged ground
    of fraud was not maintainable. (652-A-E]

C       Choksi Bhidarbhai Mathurbhai v. Purshottamdas Bhogilal Shah,
    AIR (1962) Gujarat 10, approved.

         Pollock & Mu/la an Indian Contract & Specific Relief Acts, (2001)
    12th Edition page 489, referred to.

D        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 3768 of
    2000.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 17.12.98 of the Karnataka High
    Court in R.F.A. No. 358 of 1989.
E       P. Krishnamoorthy, G.V. Chandrashekhar and P.P. Singh for the
    Appellant.

          R.S. Hegde. Chandra Prakash, Ms. Savitri Pandey and K.R. Nagaraja
    for the Respondents.
F         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          KAPADIA, J. : This appeal by special leave is filed by the legal
    representatives of original plaintiff, Patel Chikkahanumaiah (since deceased),
    against the judgment and order dated 17 .12.1998 delivered by High Court
G   of Karnataka in Regular First Appeal No. 358 of 1989 whereby the High
    Court has dismissed the suit bearing no. O.S.4802/80 filed in the Court of
    Addi. City Civil Judge, Bangalore against Boraiah (since deceased).
    Respondents are the legal representatives of the said Boraiah.

H          The facts giving rise to this appeal are as follows:-
         A.C. ANANTHASWAMY v. BORAIAH [KAPADIA, J.]                  651

        On 26.7.1974, the said Boraiah instituted suit bearing O.S. No. 648 A
of 1974 for declaration and permanent injunction against Patel
Chikkahanumaiah in the Court of Second Munsiff, Bangalore. On
18.8.1975, the suit was decreed in favour ofBoraiah. It was an ex-parte
decree. On 13 .6.1977, Patel Chikkahanumaiah applied for setting aside the
ex-parte decree under Order 9 Rule 13 of Code of Civil Procedure on B
account of non service of summons. Simultaneously, on the same day, he
also preferred R.A. No. 54 of 1977 against the said ex-parte decree. On
8.3.1978, R.A. No. 54 of 1977 was dismissed as time barred. In the
meantime, Boraiah applied for execution vide Execution Case No. 441/77.
On 12.1.1979, Patel Chikkahanumaiah instituted the present suit bearing C
O.S. No.7 of 1979, subsequently renumbered as O.S. No. 4802/80, under
section 9 CPC in the Court of Additional City Civil Judge (X), Bangalore,
for setting aside the ex-parte decree dated 18.8.1975 and for pennanent
injunction restraining Boraiah from executing the said decree on the
ground that the said decree had been obtained by fraud and misrepresentation.
It was alleged that Boraiah had deliberately failed to give proper name and D
address and consequently Patel Chikkahanumaiah could not be served.

       By judgment and decree dated 29.5.1989, the trial Court decreed
the said suit by holding that fraud had been practiced by Boraiah by not
giving proper name and address of Patel Chikkahanumaiah, who was a E
defendant in the suit bearing no. O.S.648/74. The trial Court also found
fraud on the part of Boraiah in the service of the summons. In the
circumstances, the trial Court cancelled the decree dated 18.8.1975.

        Aggrieved by the judgment and decree passed by the trial Court, F
Boraiah preferred RF A No. 358 of 1989 in the Kamataka High Court. By
the impugned judgment dated 17.12.1998, the High Court came to the
conclusion that non service of summons did not constitute fraud or
misrepresentation; that absence of the word Patel and mistake in the
father's name did not evidence fraud or misrepresentation on the part of
Boraiah. That no such allegation of fraud was made when Patel G
Chikkahanumaiah moved an application for setting aside the ex-parte
decree for non service of summons under Order 9 Rule 13 CPC. That he
did not make any allegation of fraud in RA No. 54177. Consequently, the
High Court reversed the judgment and decree passed by the trial Cout1 and
restored the ex-parte decree dated 18.8.1975 in suit no. O.S. 648/74 in H
    652                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A favour of Boraiah. Hence, this Civil Appeal.

         We do not find any merit in this appeal. Firstly, in the present case,
  Patel Chikkahanumaiah had moved an application under Order 9 Rule 13
  CPC for setting aside the ex-parte decree on the ground of non service of
B summons in which fraud was not alleged. As stated above, Patel
  Chikkahanumaiah had moved R.A. No.54 of 1977 in which there was no
  such allegation. Secondly, the present suit has been instituted to set aside
  the ex-parte decree on the ground that the decree was obtained by fraud
  and misrepresentation. Fraud is to be pleaded and proved. To prove fraud,
C it must be proved that representation made was false to the knowledge of
  the party making such representation or that the party could have no
  reasonable belief that it was true. The level of proof required in such cases
  is extremely higher. An ambiguous statement cannot per se make the
  representor guilty of fraud. To prove a case of fraud, it must be proved
  that the representation made was false to the knowledge of the party
D making such representation. [See: Pollock & Mu/la on Indian Contract &
  Specific Relief Acts (2001) 12th Edition page 489].

            In the present case, there is no evidence of fraud. The present case
    is a matter of non-service of summons. In the present case, there is a bare
E   allegation of fraud. In the case of Choksi Bhidarbhai Mathurbhai v.
    Purshottamdas Bhogilal Shah reported in AIR (1962) Gujarat I 0, it has
    been held that where the only fraud alleged is a bare non service of
    summons then such a suit to set aside the decree on alleged ground of fraud
    was not maintainable. Lastly, no substantial question of law arises in this
F appeal.
           For the aforesaid reasons, we do not find any merit in this civil
    appeal and the same is accordingly dismissed, with no order as to costs.

    R.P.                                                    Appeal dismissed.