AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONversusVIRENDRA KUMAR JAYANTIBHAI PATEL

                    AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION                                    A
                                   v.
                    VIRENDRA KUMAR JAYANTIBHAI PATEL

                                      JULY 23, 1997
                                                                                       B
                  [SUJATA V. MANOHAR AND V.N. KHARE, JJ.]

               Labour Laws : Municipal Corporation-Recruitment of Doc-
        tors-Respondent not selected-Respondent raised a dispute claiming himself
        to be a pennanent employee having served as a workman for number of            C
        years-fndustrial Tribunal holding respondent entitled to be made pennanent
        relying on an award and circulars issued by the Municipal Corporation in
        pursuance thereof-High Court also holding respondent to be a workman,
        thus entitled to being made pennanent-Whether respondent is a workman
        entitled to pennanent service and whether his case requires sympathetic con-
        sideration-HELD : No, The award and the circulars issued thereunder not        D
        applicable-Equity and compassion in the matter of appointment will give
i ·~
        rise to nepotism and arbitrariness where merit would be a causality.

              Constitution of India : Article 226-Scope of High Court's power under.

               The appellant Corporation had been hiring the services of the E
         respondent for treating the patients on daily basis whenever the
         corporation's dental surgeons were on leave. Later on, the appellant
         decided to fill the vacant posts of dental surgeons in its clinics. The
         respondent also applied in response to the advertisement. However, the
         respondent was not selected. On being rejected, the respondent claimed F
         himself to be a permanent dental surgeon of the corporation. This dispute
         was referred to the Industrial Tribunal. There the case of the respondent
         was that since he had put in 1034 days of service, he was entitled to be
         made permanent in view of a certain award rendered by the Tribunal.
         However, the corporation submitted that the respondent was not a
         workman covered under the award. However, the tribunal relying upon the G
       , aforesaid award and the circulars issued by the corporation held that the
         respondent is entitled to be made permanent in the staff of the Corpm:a·
         tion. Aggrieved, the Corporation challenged the said award. The High
         Court held the respondent to be a workman, having served for a requisite
         number of years, thus entitled to the benefits of a permanent employee. H
                                             25
    26                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A Hence, this appeal.
           The questions that arose for examination of this court were whether
    the finding of the tribunal that the respondent was a workman entitled to
    permanent service was based upon relevant materials; and whether the
    case of respondent required sympathetic consideration.
B
          Allowin_g the appeal, this court

          HELD : 1.1. The award of the tribunal and circulars issued in
    pursuance thereof by the Corporation were not applicable to the case of
    the respondent and if these materials are excluded, the finding of the
C   tribunal that the respondent is a workman entitled to permanent status in
    the service of the corporatfon is rendered without any evidence and ex-
    posed to the vice of error apparent on the face of record. Therefore, the
    High Court fell in error in dismissing the Writ Petition holding that the
    finding of fact recorded by tribunal does not call for interference. [30-E-F]
D
         1.2. The recruitment of the doctors in the clinic run by the Corpora~
  tion i~ made in accordance with the statutory rules and by no other
  method. Under the rules the vacancies are advertised for inviting applica-
  tions from eligible candidates. After the applications are received the
  selection committee is constituted to select the candidates for appointment
E in the Corporation clinic. Only after the candidates are selected they are
  taken in the service. The respondent appeared before the selection com-
  mittee but was not selected. Under such circumstances, there is no room
  for sympathy or equity in the matter of such appointment specially whe1:e
  the recruitment in service is governed by the statutory rules. If the reason- .
F ing given by the tribunal is accpeted, the statutory recruitment rules would
  become nugatory or otiose and the department can favour any person or
  appoint any person without following procedure provided in the recruit-
  ment rules which would lead to nepotism and arbitrariness. Once the
  consideration of equity in the face of statutory rules is accepted thm
  eligible and qualified persons would be sufferers as they would not get any
G chance to be considered for appointment. The result would be that persons
  lesser in merit would get preference in the matter of appointment merely
  on the ground of equity and compassion. It is therefore not safe to bend
  the arms of law only for adjusting equity. Therefore, the reasoning givm
   by the tribunal that sympathy demands the absorption of the respondent           I
H in the service of the corporation suffers from error of law. [30-H; 31-A-D]
          AHMEDABAD MUNIC!PALCORPN. v. V.K. JAYANTIBHAI PATEL [V.N. KHARE, J.)   27

             2. High Courts under Article 226 of the constitution are entitled to A
       issue directions, writs and orders for correcting the record of the inferior
       courts or the tribunal. It is true that the High Court while exercising its
       jurisdiction under Article 226 of the constitution, cannot convert itself into
       a court of appeal and assess the sufficiency or adequacy of the evidence in
       support of the finding of fact reached by the competent courts or tribunals, B
       but this, however, does not debar the High Court from its power to enquire
       whether there is any evidence in support of a finding recorded by the
       inferior court or tribunal. It is well established that there is a difference
,,,;   between finding based on sufficiency or adequacy of evidence and a finding
       based on· no evidence. If the finding of fact recorded by the tribunal is
       based on no evidence, such a finding would suffer from error of law C
       apparent on the face of record. [30-C-E]

             3. The Corporation shall not recover any salary paid to the respon-
       dent for rendering services, in pursuan~e of the award of the tribunal.
                                                                            [31-FJ D
               CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1090 of
       1990.

            From the Judgment and Order dated 9.10.89 of the Gujarat High
       Court in S.C.A. No. 7153 of 1989.
                                                                                      E
            Ranjit Kumar, Mrs. Nandini Gore and Mrs. Manik Karanjawala for
       the Appellant.

            Dushyant A. Dave, (Ms. Mukti Sinha) for Ms. lndu Malhotra for the
       Respondent/(Petitioner in SLP No. 2317/91.
                                                                                      F
               The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

              V.N. KHARE, J. The appellant (hereinafter referred to as the Cor-
       poration) is established and constituted under the Bombay Municipal
       Corporat\on Act, 1949 (hereinafter referred to as the Act). One of the
       duties assigned to the Corporation under the Act is to provide medical G
       service t9 the residents of the Corporation. For that purpose, the Corpora-
       tion has set up four dental clinics. The dentists attending the said clinics
       are the Corporation's employees recruited through the positive act of


'      selection as provided under the statutory rules framed in that regard.
       Whenever any doctor of the Corporation is on leave, the Corporation takes H
    28                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A the services of private doctors only with a view that patients may not be
    inconvenienced. Such doctors in lieu of their services are paid their fee on
    daily basis. The respondent herein is a dental surgeon who was carrying on
    his private practice from private clinics. Since early seventies the Corpora-
    tion had been taking the services of the respondent for treating the Patients
B   whenever the Corporation's dental surgeons were on leave. In the year 1984
    the Corporation decided to fill the vacant posts of dental surgeons in its
    clinics, and for that purpose issued an advertisement inviting applications
    from qualified dental surgeons for appointments to the said posts. The
    respondent amongst others, also applied in response to the said advertise-
    ment. However, the respondent was not selected by the Selection Commit-
C   tee constituted for that purpose. On being unsuccessful in the said selec-
    tion, the respondent raised a dispute claiming himself to be a permanent
    dental surgeon in the staff of the Corporation. This dispute was referred
    to the Industrial Tribunal, Gujarat under Section 10 of the Industrial
    Disputes Act for adjudication being reference No. (IT) 858 of 1984.
D
         The case of the Union which sponsored the cause of the respondent
  was that since the respondent has put in 1034 days of service between 1978
  and 1982 and as such in view of the award rendered by Industrial Tribunal         ..
  in Case No. 179 of 1975 and the circulars issued in pursuance thereof, the
  respondent is entitled to be made permanent in the service of the
E Corporation. However, this was disputed by the Corporation. The
  Corporation submitted before the Tribunal that the respondent was not a
  workman covered under the award given in Case No. 179 of 1975 and
  further the benefit arising out of the award given in reference No. 179 of
  1975 and the circulars issued in pursuance thereof, cannot be extended to
F the respondent as they are not applicable to the case of the respondent.
  However, the tribunal relying upon the aforesaid award and the circulars
  issued by the Corporation held that the respondent is entitled to be made
  permanent in the staff of the Corporation. Aggrieved, the Corporation
   challenged the said award in the High Court of Gujarat by means of a
G petition under Article 226 of the Constitution. The High Court dismissed ,
   the petition being of the 'opinion that the tribunal after appreciating the
   evidence on record has recorded a finding that the respondent employee
  is a workman, having served for a requisite number of years, thus entitled
   to the benefits of a permanent employee. Aggrieved, the appellant has
H come up in appeal before this Court.
        AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPN. v. V.K JAYANTIBHAI PATEL [V.N. KHARE, J.l    29

             The first question that arises for consideral:on in this appeal is as to A
      whether the finding of the tribunal that the respondent is a workman
    . entitled to a permanent status in the service of the Corporation is based
       upon relevant materials. Materials relied upon by the tribunal in recording
       the aforesaid finding are, the award rendered in Ref. No. 179 of 1975 and
      various circulars issued by the Corporation in pursuanc<; thereof. In order
                                                                                      B
      to answer the aforesaid question, it is necessary to refer the award of the
      tribunal and the circulars issued by the Corporation. The award dated June
      30, 1978 given by the Industrial Tribunal, Gujarat in the reference IT No.
      179 of 1975 related to the permanency of daily rated workmen in different
      sections of the Engineering Department of the Corporation. By the said
      award, the tribunal had prescibed a formula for determining the question       c
      of permanency of daily rated workmen in the Engineering Department.
      Thereafter, successive circulars were issued which considered the proposal
      to make permanent the daily rated workmen of different sections of Engg.
      Deptt., on the basis of the formula laid down by the tribunal. The first
      circular dated 30.6.78 issued by the Corporation was for making permanent D
      the daily rated workmen who have performed the duties for five years or
      more in different sections of Engineering Department. This circular makes
      it clear that the policy of making a daily rated workman as permanent was
      applied only to the Engineering Department of the Corporation. The
      circular dated October 4, 1980 again was issued with reference to the
\     award given in IT Reference No. 179of1975, Standing Committee Resolu- E
'     tion No. 2846 dated 6.12:78 and Municipal Corporation Resolution No.
      969 dated 29.12.78 directing the department to make the staff permanent
      who have put in a requisite number of days in the service of the Corpora-
      tion. By the Subsequent circular dated 26.8.82 it was clarified by the
      Corporation that only the daily rated workmen of the Engineering Depart- F
      ment, daily wager majdoor and employees in the equivalent pay scale came
      within the ambit of the policy to make permanent such the daily rated
      workmen who have served the length of time prescibed by the award.
      Thereafter the Corporation approved the above proposal, and the Chief
      Accountant issued a circular dated 1.9.1982 with an amendment vide
      circular dated 12.10.1982. The aforesaid circular dated 12.10.1982 was by G
      way of an amendment to circular dated 1.9.1982 which clearly related to
      the daily rated workmen of the Engineering Department. The circular No.
      44 dated 16.8.84 further relied upon by the tribunal contained prospective
      policy which was to .be followed in future in the matter of making daily
      rated workmen in the Corporation as permanent. The award and the H
    30                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A circulars referred to above do not show that they related to the case of the
    respondent who had been visiting the dental clinic run by the Corporation
    on daily fee basis for treating patients. Once it is found that the award and
    the circulars referred to above relied non by the tribunal were not ap-
    plicable in the case of the respondent, can it be held by the High Court
B   that the finding of fact recorded by the tribunal that the respondent is a
    workman entitled to be absorbed as a permanent dental surgeon in the
    service of the Corporation is a finding of fact based on appreciation of
    evidence.

         High Courts under Article 226 of the Constitution are entitled to
C issue directions, writs and orders for correcting the record of the inferior
  courts or the tribunal. It is true that the High Court while exercising .its
  jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution, cannot convert itself into
  a court of appeal and assess the sufficiency or adequacy of the evidence in
  support of the finding of fact reached by the competent courts or the
D tribunals, but this, however, does not debar the High Court from its power
  to enquire whether there is any evidence in support of a finding recorded
  by the inferior court or tribunal. It is well established that there is a
  difference between a finding based on sufficiency or adequacy of evidence,
  such a finding would suffer from error of law apparent ori the face of
  record. As noticed earlier that award of the tribunal and circulars issued
E in pursuance thereof by the Corporation were not applicable to the case
  of the respondent and if these materials are excluded, the finding of the
   tribunal that the respondent is a workman entitled to permanent status in
   the service of the Corporation is rendered without any eVidence and
  exposed to the vice of error apparent on face of record. We are, therefore,
F of opinion that the High Court fell in error in dismissing the Writ Petition
   holding that finding of fact recorded by the tribunal does not call for
   interference.

         The second reasoning given by the tribunal in issuing direction to the
  Corporation for absorbing the respondent in its permanent service which
G was not touched upon by the High Court is that the case of the respondent
  requires sympathetic consideration, as presumably the respondent has been
  visiting the Corporation's Clinic since early seventies, remains to be con-
  sidered. As noticed earlier, the recruitment of the doctors in the clinic run
  by the Corporation is made in accordance with the statutory rules and by
H no other method. Under the rules the vacancies are advertised for inviting
       AHMEDABAD MUN!CIPALCORPN. v. V.KJAYANTIBHAI PATEL [V.N. KHARE, J.]   31

applications from eligible candidates. After the applications are received A
the Selection Committee is constituted to select te candidates for appoint-
ment in the Corporation's clinic. Only after the candidates are selected they
aie taken in the service. It is also noticed earlier that respondent appeared
belfore the Selection Committee but was not selected. Under such cir-
c~tances, there is no room for sympathy or equity in the matter of such B
appointment speciaily where the recruitment in service is governed by the
statutory rules. If the reasoning given by the tribunal is accepted, the
statutory recruitment . rules would become nugatory or otiose and the
department can favour any person or appoint any person without following
procedure provided in the recruitment rules which would lead to nepotism
and arbitrariness. Once the consideration of euity in the face of statutory C
rules is accepted then eligible and qualified persons would be sufferers as
they would not get any chance to be considered for appointment. The result
would be that persons lesser in merit would get preference in the matter
of appointme!1t merely on the ground of equity and compassion. It is
therefore not safe to bend the arms of law only for adjusting equity. We, D
therefore, find that the reasoning given by the tribunal that sympathy
demands the absorption of the respondent in the service of the Corporation
suffers from error of law.

     For the foregoing reasons the award dated June 15, 1989 and the
judgment of the High Court dated October 9, 1989 are set aside. The              E
appeal is allowed, but there shall be no order as to costs.

      Before we part with this judgment, we would like to observe that,
counsel for the Corporation has stated that in the event this appeal is
allowed, the Corporation shall not recover any salary paid to the respon-
dent for rendering services in pursuance of the award of the tribunal. We        F
order accordingly.

         In view of the above, S.L.P.(C) No. 2317/1991 stands dismissed.

S.S.                                                         Appeal allowed.