ASHWINI KUMAR SHARMAversusYADUVANSH SINGH AND ORS.

A                        ASHWINI KUMAR SHARMA
                                    v.
                        Y ADUVANSH SINGH AND ORS.

                               DECEMBER I, 1997

B       [SUJATA V. MANOHAR AND M. JAGANNADHA RAO, JJ.]


          Representation of the People Act, 1951-Section 83 (!)(a); Section
    JOO (!) (d) (iii)-Election Petition-Maintainability of-A,llegation of
    Irregularities and illegalities in the counting of votes-High Court dismissed
C the petition on the ground that the petition did not disclose a complete cause
    of action-Election Petition containing a concise statement of material facts-
    Held, Election Petition maintainable-The relevant provision in the present
    case is Section 83(J)(a) which requires the petition to contain only a
    concise statement of material facts on which the petitioner relies unlike
D   under section 83(/)(b) where it is necessmy to set out full particulars--
    Entire evidence in support of such material facts not required to be set out--
    Civil Procedure Code 1908-0rder Vll rule I I; Order VJ Rule 16.

           The appellant and the respondents contested elections from 190 Lakhi
    Sarai Vidhan Sabha constituency in the State of Bihar in which respondent
E   No.I emerged victorious. The appellant moved the Patna High Court
    challenging the election of respondent No. I alleging irregularities and
    illegalities in the counting of votes. The High Court held that the allegations
    regarding irregularities in the counting of ballot papers were not supported
    by adequate material or by material particulars and dismissed the election
    petition of the appellant as not maintainable. Aggrieved, the appellant moved
F   this court.

          Allowing the Appeal, the Court

         HELD: I. An election petition is required to co'!tain a concise statement
    of material facts, this being equivalent to a cause of action. The entire
G   evidence in support of such material facts is not required to be set out.
                                                                           [620-F[

          1.2. The election petition deals with the counting of ballot paper and
    why, according to the appellant, such counting was unfair, improper or not
H   in accordance with law. He has particulars of some of the irregularities and
                                          616
               A.K. SHARMA v. YADUVANSH SINGH [MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J.]         617
'.1~   illegalities in the counting of votes. The election petition cannot be rejected    A
~      at a preliminary stage on the ground that it does not contain a concise
       statement of material facts. From the contents of the election petition of the
       appellant it is not possible to held that a concise statement of material facts
:=-·
       is not to be found in the petition. [619-H; 620-AJ

            Arun Kumar Bose v. Mohd. Furkan Ansari & Ors., AIR (1983) SC                  B
       1311, relied upon.

             13. Evidence in support of the pleas which have been taken or facts
       which have been pleaded, cannot be confused with the concise statement of
       material facts which an election petition is required to set out under Section     C
       83(l)(a). If material particulars are lacking, they may be supplied at a later
       date. [620-D-FJ

               Shri Udhav Singh v. Madhav Rao Scindia, [1997) l SCC 511, relied
       upon.

             2. The election petition of the appellant does not allege any corrupt        D
       practice. Therefore, in the present case, the question of application of Section
       83(1)(b) does not arise. The only relevant provision therefore, is Section
       83(I)(a) which requires the petition to contain a concise statement of material
       facts on which the petitioner relies. [618-GJ

             Jitendra Bahadur Singh v. Krishana Behari & Ors., [1970) l SCR 852           E
       and Satyanarain Dudhani v. Uday Kumar Singh Ors., [1993) Supp. 2 SCC
       82, cited.

               CIV!L AP PELLA TE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1702 of
       1997.
                                                                                          F
             From the Judgment and Order dated 13.1.97 of the Patna High Court in
       E.P. No. 36of1995.

               Salman Khurshid and Gopal Singh for the Appellant.

            S.N.P. Sharma, (Ravi Bhushan) for Goodwill Indeevar and S.P. Singh for        G
       the Respondent.

               The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

             MRS. SUJA TA V. MANO HAR, J. The appellant and the respondents
       contested the Vidhan Sabha Election held in March, 1995 from the 190 Lakhisarai    H
    618                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A   Constituency in the State of Bihar. Respondent no. 1 was declared as the
    returned candidate. The appellant challenged the election of respondent no.1
    before the Patna High Court by filing an election petition. In this petition he
    challenged the election under Section I 00( I)(d)(iii) of the Representation of      .,
    the People Act, 1951, alleging that the result of the election had been materially
B   affected by the improper reception of votes and by mixing the votes of the
    appellant with the votes of other contesting candidates.

          Respondent no. I filed a petition before the High Court under Order 7
    Rule 11 of the Civil Procedure Code read with Order 6 Rule 16 of the Civil
    Procedure Code raising a preliminary objection about the maintainability of
C   the election petition. The High Court by its impugned judgment and order
    dated 13.1.1997 rejected the election petition of the appellant under Section
    83(1)(a) of the Representation of People Act read with Order 7 Rule 11 on the
    ground that the petition did not disclose a complete cause of action and was,
    therefore, not maintainable.

D        The relevant provisions of Section 83( I) of the Representation of the
    People Act, 1951 are as follows :

            83: Contents of petition :-

            (I)   An election petition-

£           (a)   shall contain a concise statement of the material facts on which
                  the petitioner relies;

            (b)   shall set forth full particulars of any corrupt practice that the
                  petitioner alleges, including as full a statement as possible of the
                  names of the parties alleged to have committed such corrupt
F                 practice and the date and place of the commission of each such
                  practice; and
            (c)

           The election petition of the appellant does not allege any corrupt
G   practice. Therefore, in the present case, the question of application of Section
    83( 1)(b) dose not arise. The only relevant provision, therefore, is Section
    83(l)(a) which requires the petition to contain a concise statement of material
    facts on which the petitioner relies. The language of Section 83(1)(a) is similar
    to the language of Order VI Rule 2(1) which provides that "Every pleading
    shall contain, and contain only, a statement in a concise form of material facts
H   on which the party pleading relies for his claim or defence, as the case may
      A.K. SHARMA v. YADUVANSH SINGH [MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J.]        619

be, but not the evidence by which they are to be proved". By contrast under    A
Section 83(1)(b) not only is it necessary to set out full (as opposed to
concise) particulars, but also a full statement of the names of parties who
have allegedly committed a corrupt practice, and the date and place of its
commission.

       We have, therefore, to see whether the election petition contains a B
concise statement of material facts i.e. cause of action. The election petition
of the appellant, from paragraph I 0 onwards deals with the counting of ballot
papers and why according to the appellant, such counting was unfair, improper
or not in accordance with law. He had alleged that the Returning officer did
not comply with Rule 56 of the Conduct of Election Rules. 1961 and the C
instructions contained in the Hand-Book for Returning Officers. He has given
particulars of some of the irregularities. In paragraph 15 for, example, he has
alleged that on counting table nos. 11 and 12, ballot papers marked on "Hand"
symbol were mixed with those of other party candidates; and in the process
ballot papers which were marked on "Hand" were not being counted in favour D
of the appellant. The appellant has stated that his counting agents specifically
stated io him when he visited the counting hall that hundreds of such ballot
papers had already been mixed with the ballot papers in favour of an
independent candidate, respondent no. 9. He has alleged that 3,530 votes
which should have been counted in his favour were wrongly counted in
favour of respondent no. 9. He has also referred to the contemporaneous E
written complaints lodged by him in this connection. In paragraph 16, detailed
tables are given showing the wrong counting of votes cast in favour of the
appellant which were counted as the votes of respondent no. 9. The numbers
of such votes so counted on each counting table have been separately set
out in a tabular form in detail. The appellant has also sought leave to refer F
to and rely upon the various fax messages and complaints to the Returning
officer as well as to the General Observer made in this behalf by him. Amongst
the other objections, he has alleged that at the stage of the fourth round of
counting onwards, ballot papers of-two different colours were seen. Despite
the appellant complaining to the Returning officer about the different colours G
of ballot papers on the counting tables, no proper attention was paid to his
complaint. He has also set out that his counting agents were not given a
reasonable opportunity of inspecting ballot papers before they were rejected.
There are various other particulars set out in the election petition in support
of the appellant's contention regarding irregularities and illegality in the
counting of votes.                                                               H
    620                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A          Whatever be the merit of such contentions, one thing at least is clear.        '--,
    The election petition cannot be rejected at a preliminary stage on the ground
    that it· does not contain concise statement of material facts.

         The High Court has held that the allegations regarding irregularities in
  the counting of ballot papers are not supported by adequate material or by
B material particulars. The High Court has further held that some imaginary
  figures are given in respect of alleged irregularities. The appellant has, in his
  verification affidavit, stated that the statement are based on information
  derived from his counting agents and election agents. The High Court holds
  that because the names of these persons are not disclosed, the allegations
C must be considered as vague. The High Court has further said that the basis
  on which the counting agents or election agents of the appellant had furnished
  information regarding rejection of 2,600 ballot papers on the ground that the
  same did not bear the distinguishing mark or the signature of the Presiding
  Officer, has also not been furnished. However, evidence in support of the
  pleas which have been taken or facts which have been pleaded, cannot be
D confused with the concise statement of material facts which an election
  petition is required to set out under Section 83(\)(a). ln the ,case of Shri
   Udhav Singh v. Madhav Rao Scindia, [1977] I SCC 511, this Court made a
  distinction between material facts and material particulars. The Court said that
  this distinction was important because different consequences may flow from
E a deficiency of such facts of particulars in the pleading. Failure to plead even
  a single material fact would lead to an incomplete cause of action and incomplete
  allegations of such a charge are liable to be struck off, but if material particulars
   are lacking they may be supplied at a later date. Respondent no. I relies upon
   this distinction in support of his plea that the election petition is liable to be
   dismissed for non-disclosure of material facts. The election petition, however,
F is required to contain a concise statement of material facts, this being equivalent
   to a cause of action. The entire evidence in support of such material facts is
   not required to be set out. From the contents of the election petition, it is not
   possible to hold that a concise statement of material facts is not to be found
   in the petition. In the case of Arun Kumar Bose v. Mand. Furkan Ansari & ·
G Ors., AIR (1983) SC 1311 at page(J314) this Court distinguished the provision
   of Section 83(1)(a) from 83(1)(b). "The scheme in Section 83(1) of the Act
   makes the position clear. Clause (a) refers to general allegations and requires
   a concise statement of material facts to be furnished, while clause (b) referring
   to corrupt practice requires all details to be given". In that case, the number
    of wrongly rejected ballot papers and the counting table number were given.
H Both numbers were also given. Particulars of ballot papers, however, were not
       A.K. SHARMA v. YADUVANSH SINGH [SUJATA V. MANOHAR,J.)                 621

given as not available. It was held that pleadings set out material facts as per A
Section 83(f)(a). No corrupt practice was involved and Section 83(f)(b) was
not attracted. Pleading was held to be adequate. Two other judgments which
have been cited before us deal with the power to the High Court to order a
recount. These are Jitendra Bahadur Shigh v. Krishna Bihari & Ors., [1970]
 I SCR 852 and Satyanarain Dudhani v. Uday Kumar Singh & Ors., [1993]
Supp. 2 sec 821. In the latter case, it was pleaded in the election petition that B
339 valid ballot papers in favour of the petitioner were not taken into account.
Thirty five valid votes were not counted in favour of the petitioner on the
plea that the ballot papers were missing. Irregularities were also pleaded
materially affecting the result of the election. This Court, in this context dealt
with the question whether the High Court should have ordered a recount. It C
has come to the conclusion that before the Returning officer, only a three-
line application was filed. No objection whatsoever was raised during the
counting and no irregularity or illegality was brought to the notice of the
Returning officer. The Court also felt that the material in the election petition
was pleaded with the object of having a finishing enquiry did not inspire
confidence. It, therefore, did not order a recount. These two cases do n<Jt help D
the first respondent because neither of these cases deals with the dismissal
of the election petition in limine on the ground of non-compliance with the
provisions of Section 83(1 )(a).

      We do not propose to pronounce upon the merits or otherwise of the
                                                                                     E
pleas raised in the election petition. But the election petition, in present case,
cannot be considered as not disclosing any cause of action or not containing
a co11cise statement of material facts.

       The impunged order of the High Court is, therefore, set aside and the
election petition is restored on the file of the High Court for disposal on          F
merits. The appeal is accordingly allowed with no order as to costs.

M.P.                                                            Appeal allowed.