Holding

Emergency acquisition proceedings do not lapse under s.11‑A, and the 31‑July‑1984 proceeding is an award in substance, so the writ petition stands despite parallel remedies.

Summary

The Society (Budha Griha Nirman Sahyog Samiti Ltd.) sought acquisition of 32.48 acres of land under emergency provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The State of Bihar, through the Patna Development Authority, took possession of the land but failed to complete the award within two years, leading the Society to file multiple writ petitions, a title suit, and an application under the Bihar Public Encroachment Land Act. The appellants argued that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under s.11‑A, that the 31‑July‑1984 proceeding was not a valid award, and that the writ petition should be dismissed because alternate remedies were available. The Supreme Court held that emergency acquisition vests the land in the Government, so s.11‑A does not apply; the 31‑July‑1984 proceeding, though not in Form‑15 and with an illegible signature, substantially complied with the High Court’s directions and therefore constitutes an award; the writ petition was not barred by the existence of parallel proceedings; unauthorised constructions confer no rights once possession is taken; and the Government cannot withdraw after possession. Consequently, the appeals were dismissed with costs and the authorities were directed to complete the acquisition promptly.

Issues considered

The acquisition proceedings under emergency provisions lapse under Section 11‑A of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894.
Whether the proceeding dated 31‑July‑1984 qualifies as a valid award despite non‑conformity with Form‑15 and illegible signature.
Whether the writ petition should be dismissed because the Society had availed alternate remedies (title suit and encroachment application).
Whether unauthorised constructions or encroachments give any rights after the Government has taken possession.
Whether the Government can withdraw from acquisition after possession under Section 17.

Legislation cited

Bihar Public Encroachment Land Act, 1976
Bihar Public Land Encroachment Act, 1956
Land Acquisition Act, 1894s. 11, s. 11-A, s. 17, s. 4, s. 48, s. 6

Subjects

Land acquisitionEmergency acquisitionSection 11-AAwardWrit petitionAlternate remedyEncroachmentPossessionBihar

Judgment

AWADH BIHARI YADAV AND OTHERS A
v.
THE STATE OF BIHAR AND OTHERS

AUGUST 31, 1995

[K. RAMASWAMY AND K.S. PARIPOORNAN, JJ.] B

Land Acquisition Act, 1894 Ss.-4, 6, 11, 11-A, 17, ~Acquisition of
land by the Govt. under emergent procedure---cf'ossession of land taken-
Award not in proper fonn with illegible signatur~Whether should be treated
as award-Whether acquisition proceedings. lapsed for want of proper C
award-Held, award made in substantial compliance with the directions of
the High Court, valid; proper fonn of award not essential in emergent proceed-
ings; pro-ceedings not lapsed.

Constitution of India : Art. 226--Rule of Exhaustion of Alternate
RemedJ-Application, title suit and writ petition filed by the Society at the D
same time--whether writ petition liable to be dismissed-Held, Extraordinary
situation wa"ant extraordinary remedy; approach of High Court co"ect in not
dismissing the writ petition.

A block of 25.09 acres of land was acquired by the State Govt. under E
the normal procedure, at the instance of Budha Griha Nirman Sahyog
Samiti Ltd., (Society). Land was to be provided to the profess~onals by the
Society. Acquisition proceedings were completed.

Emergency acquisition proceedings were initiated by the Govt. under
ss.4, 17 (4) to acquire 64.48 acres of land at the request of Patna Develop- F
ment Authority (Authority), for its Boaring Road Development Scheme.
Out of this land, 32.48 acres were to be delivered to the Society. Notifica-
tion and declaration were made and possession of land was taken by the
Authority and the Society. The Society deposited Rs. one million with the_
Authority. G
The entire compensation amount was not deposited by the Authority.
Further, it decided not to acquire the lands sought except for a small
portion required for road construction. The Authority passed a resolution
to this effect and consequently two awards were passed for 4.41 acres and
3.32 acres of land. H
197
198 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995] SUPP. 3 S.C~R.

A The Society questioned the resolution of the Authority by filing a writ
petition. The validity of the acquisition was up- held and the resolution
was quashed by the High Court on 23.5.84. The Collector was directed to
prepare the award. Further, it was observed by the High Court that no
rights accrued to the owners of unauthorised constructions on the land.
B The special leave petition against the judgment of the High Court was
dismissed. An award dt. 31.7.84 was passed.

As the acquisition proceedings were not completed, the Society filed
a writ petition in the High Court against the Authority, State of Bihar etc.,
to give effect to the earlier judgment dt. 23.5.84. The Society also filed an
C application under the Bihar Public Encroachment Land Act, 1976 before
the Collector and a title suit in the Sub-Court, for the eviction of
encroachers and the restoration of possession of land.

Meanwhile, three other writ petitions were filed in the High Court
D contending that the proceedings had lapsed under s. 11-A of the Act. By
a common judgment dt. 30.7.93 the High Court dismissed these three
petitions and allowed the petition by the Society partly. The Land Acquisi-
tion Officer was also directed to complete the award in form - 15.

Three special leave petitions on the same facts were filed in this
E Court in which the main contentions of the appellants were that the land
acquisition proceedings had lapsed under s.11-A of the Act; the proceed-
ings dt. 31.7.84 did not constitute an award as the proper form was not
conformed to and the Society was not entitled to the relief prayed in the
writ petition as it had already availed the alternate remedies.
F
Dismissing the appeals, this Court

HELD: 1.1. The acquisition on 'proceedings had not lapsed under
s.11-A of the land Acquisition Act as the possession of land was taken
under emergency proceedings under s.17(1) of the Act. It was not open to
G the Govt. to withdraw from the acquisition. In such a case, s.11-A could
not be attracted. [207-C-D]

1.2. The emergent acquisition proceedings could not lapse even if no
award was made within the period prescribed by S.11-A. The land
H statutorily vested in the Govt. could not revert to the owners. [208 A-BJ
AB. YADAVv. STATE 199

Satendra Prasad Jain v. State of U.P. & Ors., (1993] 4 SCC 369, relied A
on.

2.1. The proceedings of 31.7.84 were in substance an award. The
procet:dings were initiated under the directions of the High Court dt.
23.5.84. The directions were substantially complied. The proceedings
though not in form-15 and with illegible signature were treated as an B
award. [208-G-H]

2.2. The view of High Court that even a defective award, which
complied with the directions of the Court and the proceedings of law could
not invite wrath of S.11-A, was affirmed. [208-E-F] C
3. The fact that the society availed alternate remedy did not render
the writ petition liable to be dismissed. Ordinarily, the petitioner should
not be permitted to avail parallel remedy in respect of the same matter at
the same time. The circumstances of the case were different and unusual.
The extraordinary situations warrant a different approach and the orders D
passed by the Court in earlier decisions sought to be violated in such
circumstances. [209-B-C; F]

Jail Singh v. Union of India, AIR (1977) SC 898, distinguished.

4.1. Persons who had put up unauthorised constructions and E
encroachments had no rights. Once the land vested in the Govt., the fact
that the owner of the land entered upon the land would not obliterate the
-.. consequences of the vesting. [203-C-D]

4.2. The plea that the Govt. did not take possession of 7 acres of land
and consequently the proceedings related to it must lapse, was not sus-
F
tainable as it was against the record. [210-F-G]

Ajodhya Bhagat & Others v. The State of Bihar & Ors., AIR (1974) SC
1886, referred to.
G,
5. The concerned authorities are directed to complete the proceed-
ings in quickest possible time as the land acquisitions with a laudable

. purpose were pending for more than 37 years. [211-D]

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil AppeaJ No. 7803 of
1995 Etc. H
200 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A From the Judgment and Order dated 30. 7.93 of the Patna High
Court in C.W.J.C. No. 8426 of 1988.

Raja Ram Agarwal, V.K. Bhagat, Manoj Yadav and Irshad Ahmad
for the Appellant.

B S.B. Sanyal, H.L. Srivastava, B.M. Sharma and T.N. Singh for the
Appellants in C.A. Nos. 7820-21/95

P.N. Lekhi, M.K. Ga~g, B.B. Singh and A. Sharan for the Respon-
dents.

C The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

PARIPOORNAN, J. Leave granted.

2. A batch of four writ petitions - CWJC No. 8426/88, CWJC No.
6373/88, CWJC No. 3720/90 and CWJC No. 9000/89, was heard and
D disposed of by the H~gh Court of Patna by a common judgment dated
. 30.7.1993. The appellants who obtained leave in S.L.P. (C) No. 20490 of
1993, are the petitioners in CWJC No. 8426 of 1988. The intervenors and
respondents in CWJC No. 6373/88 and the petitioners in CWJC No.
3720/90, who have filed the civil appeals in pursuance to leave granted in
S.L.P. (c) nos. 21401-2of1993, are the appellants in the other appeals. No
E appeal is preferred by any of the parties in CWJC No. 9000/89 against the
common judgment. The State of Bihar, its officials - the Patna Municipal
Corporation, the Patna Regional Development Authority, the District
Land Acquisition Officer, Patna, the Budha Griha Nirman Sahyog Samiti
Ltd. and its officials are the respondents in these appeals.
F
3: The main contesting respondents in the above appeals are - the
State of Bihar, the Patna Regional Development Authority, and the Bud-
dha Griha Nirman Sahyog Samiti Ltd. CWJC No. 6373/88 was a writ
petition filed by the Buddha Griha Nirman Sahyog Samiti Ltd. praying that
appropriate directions may be given to the respondents therein (the State
G of Bihar and its officials, Patna Municipal Corporation, Patna Regional
Development Authority and the District Land Acquisition Officer) to give
effect to the directions given by the High Court in CWJC No. 3241/82 in
the judgment dated 23.5.84, and for other consequential and incidental
reliefs, including directions to the respondents to remove the encroach-
...
H ments or unauthorised constructions from the vacant lands which formed
AB. YADAVv. STATE[PARIPOORNAN,J.] 201

the subject matter of the notification. The four writ petitions were disposed A
of by a common judgment dated 30.7.1993, by a Division Bench of the
Patna High Court (S.B. Sinha and D. Sinha, JJ.) By the aforesaid judgment
the learned Judges directed the land acquisition officer to sign and com-
plete the award in terms of the earlier order of the Court dated 31.7.1984,
in Form 15 and to take further steps in terms of Section 12 of the Land
B
Acquisition Act, 1894 (hereinafter referred to as the 'Act'). CWJC No.
6373/88 was allowed to the above extent. In view of the above directions,
the other writ petitions were dismissed. The learned Judges also observed
that the office will start preparing separate records relating to the contempt
of court matters so as to pass necessary orders, and that the authorities
before whom a suit and other encroachment proceedings relating to the c
land under acquisition were pending, shall expedite them. Aggrieved by the
aforesaid judgment, the petitioners in CWJC No. 8426/88, the respondents
and intervenors in CWJC No. 6373/88 and the petitioners in CWJC No.
3720/90; after obtaining Special leave have filed the aforesaid appeals.
D
4. We heard Mr. Raja Ram Agarwal and Mr. S.B. Sanyal, Senior
Counsel who appeared on behalf of the appellants and Mr. P.N. Lekhi,
Senior Counsel, Mr. B.B. Singh, Advocate and Mr. A. Sharan, Advocate,
who appeared on behalf of the respondents. The subject matter in the
appeals relates to land acquisition proceedings, covering an extent of about
32.48 acres in the villages of Rajapur No. 3 and Dujar No. 4, Perganna E
Phulwari, Thana Phulwari, District Patna, initiated under Section 4(1) read
with Section 17(4) of the Act as amended by Bihar Act No. 18 of 1964.

5. Budha Griha Nirman Sahyog Samiti Ltd., a society registered
under the Societies Registration Act on 4.3:1958, (hereinafter called the F
'Society'), and its officials are the petitioners in CWJC No. 6373/88. The
Society requested the State Government to acquire land for the purpose
of providing it to doctors, lawyers, Government servants and journalists for
building purpose. An extent of 25.09 acres of land was acquired under the
normal procedure and the acquisition was completed on 11.7.1962. Posses-
,;"" of the land was taken and compensation was also paid. There is no G
controversy about this part of the acquisition.

6. The Society wanted to acquire another block of 32.48 acres, the
land adjacent to the aforesaid 25.09 acres. The entire controversy in this
batch of appeals is regarding this acquisition, initiated under Section 4 read H
. . .02 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A with Section 17(4) of the Act ("emergency" acquisition). The Notification
relating thereto is dated 4.2.1959. The declaration under Section 6 was
made on 4.5.1959. A writ petition filed in the High Court assailing the
above proceedings was allowed with liberty to the authorities to initiate
proceedings afresh on 2.4.1960. While so, the Patna Improvement Trust
(Patna Development Authority), (hereinafter referred to as the
B
'Authority'), requested the Government to acquire 64.48 acres of land in
Dujra and Rajapur villages for its Boaring Road Development Scheme,
Phase-I, The extent of 32.48 acres of land which the Society wanted to
acquire and for which proceedings were initiated (under Section 4(1) read
with Section 17(4)) fell within the area, which the Authority wanted the
c Government to acquire. A fresh Notification under Section 4 read with
Section 17(4) of the Act, proposing to acquire 64.48 acres of land was
promulgated on 6.8.1961. There was an understanding that upon acquisi-
tion, out of the above land, 32.48 acres would be transferred to the Society.
A declaration under Section 6 of the Act dated 5.10.1961, appeared in the
D Gazette ori 7.10.1961. As stated, the possession of 25.08 acres acquired
under the ordinary procedure was handed over to the society on 11.7.1962.
It appears that possession of an area of 57.71 acres covered by the later
notification, was delivered to the Authority on 6.8.1962. Later, the
Authority handed over possession of 32.48 acres to the Society. While so,
in M.J.C. No. 65/62, the High Court of Patna stayed the land acquisition
E
proceedings. The stay was in force from 23.1.1962 to 1.7.1964 and the
M.J.C. was finally withdrawn. It appears that the Society deposited with
the Authority a sum of Rs. 1 million on 7.4.1965. By letter No. 254, dated
18.1.1972 the Government directed the Collector not to make the award
till full payment of compensation was deposited by the Authority. The
F acquisition was questioned in C.W.J.C. No. 812/67 in the High Court of
Patna. The said petition was dismissed. The matter was taken in appeal to
this Court. The appeal was also dismissed. The decision of this Court is
reported in Ajodhya Bhagat and Others v. The State of Bihar and Others,
AIR 1974 SC 1886. The Authority did not deposit the entire compensation
G amount despite .reminders. While so, on 14.8.1981 the Authority passed a
resolution not to acquire the entire lands sought, except those portions
which were required for construction of the road. It is stated that two
awards were passed on 13.3.1982 for an extent of 4.47 acres and 3.32 acres
only and the amount of compensation due thereunder were also paid. No
H award was passed in respect of the remaining lands. It is in these state of
AB. YADAVv. STATE [PARIPOORNAN,J.) 203

affairs, on 22.8.1982 the Society filed the writ petition, CWJC No. 3241/82, A
and assailed the resolution of the Authority dated 14.8.1981 and also
prayed for a direction to the respondents therein to release the lands. The
High Court of Patna by its Judgment dated 23.5.1984, quashed the resolu-
tion of the Authority dated 14.8.1981, and also directed the District Col-
lector to prepare the award. In the said Judgment, it was noticed that the
B
Society was given possession of lands acquired under the normal procedure
- 25.08 acres, and also lands acquired under the emergent procedure -
32.48 acres. The Court further found that since possession of the land had
been taken, the Government cannot withdraw from the acquisitions. The
validity of acquisition was upheld by the High Court which was affirmed
by this Court and it was observed that the acquisition cannot be nullified, c
for not passing an award. The Court also noticed that there was un-
authorised construction and encroachments, but since the land vested in
the Government and possession was taken over, no rights will accrue by
such unauthorised construction and encroachments. It is seen that the
special leave petition filed against the Judgment of the High Court in D
CWJC No. 3240/82 was dismissed by this Court on 23.9.1984. Pursuant to
the aforesaid Judgment and award dated 31.7.1984 was passed. The appel-
lants contend that the proceeding dated 31.7.1984 is only a valuation
statement and not an award. According to the respondents, the proceeding
dated 31.7.1984 is in substance an award. The Society filed an application E
before the Collector under the Bihar Public Encroachment Land Act, 1976
against 207 persons. The Society also filed Title Suit No. 32/87 in the Sub
Court I, Patna against 357 persons for restoration of possession by evicting
the encroachers.

7. The above events led to the filing of CWJC No. 6373/88 by the F
Society against the State of Bihar, the Authority and the Land Acquisition
Officer to give effect to the Judgment rendered in CWJC No. 3241/82 and
for other reliefs and complete the acquisition proceedings. The appellants
herein fileu CWJC No. 8426/88 and 3720/90, in effect contending that the
entire land acquisition proceedings had lapsed in view of Section 11-A of G
the Act. they are also intervenors in CWJC No. 6373/88. Before us, as also
before the High Court, the objections of the appellants and intervenors
.against the land acquisition proceedings are three- fold:

(i) The land acquisition proceedings have lapsed in view of Section H
204 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A 11-A of the Act.

(ii) The proceedings dated 31.7.1984 is not an award since it is not
in Form 15 and is unsigned.

(iii) The Society is not entitled to any relief as prayed for in CWJC
B No. 6373/88, since it has initiated alternate proceedings by way
of title suit and application u jder the Bihar Public Land
Encroachment Act, 1956.

8. The sheet-anchor of the appellants' plea is that the land acquisition
proceedings have lapsed in view of Sectionll-A of the Act. In order to
c understand the scope of the plea it will be useful to extract the relevant
provisions of the Act. [Section 6, Section 11, Section 11-A, Section 17 and
Section 48(1)).

"6. Declaration that land is required for a public purpose. - (1)
Subject to the provisions of Part VII of this Act, when the ap-
D propriate Government is satisfied, after considering the report, if
any, made under Section 5-A, sub-section (2), that any particular
land is needed for a public purpose, or for a Company, a declara-
tion shall be made to that effect under the signature of a secretary
to such Government or of some officer duly authorized to certify
E its orders, and different declarations may be made from time to
time in respect of different parcels of any land covered by the same
notification under Section 4, sub-section (1), irrespective of
whether one report· or different reports has or have been made
(wherever required) under Section 5-A, sub-section (2);
F Provided that no declaration in respect of any particular land
covered by a notification under Section 4, sub- section (I),-

(i) published after the commencement of the Land Acquisition
(Amendment and Validation) Ordinance 1967 (1 of 1967), but
before the commencement of the land Acquisition, (Amendment)
G
Act, 1984, shall be made after the expiry of three years from the
date of the publication of the notification; or

(ii) published after the commencement of the Land Acquisition
(Amendment) Act, 1984, shall be made after the expiry of one year
H from the date of the publication of the notification :
AB. YADAVv. STA"[E [PARIPOORNAN,J.] 205

Provided further that no such declaration shall be made unless A
the compensation to be awarded for such property is to be paid
by a Company or wholly or partly out of public revenues or some
fund controlled or managed by a local authority."

"11. Enquily and award by Collector. - (1) on the day so fixed, or
on any other day to which the enquiry has been adjourned, the B
Collector shall proceed to enquire into the objections (if any)
which any person interested has stated pursuant to a notice given
under Section 9 to the measurements made under Section 8, and
into the value of the land at the date of the publication of the
notifications under Section 4, sub- section (1), and into the respec- c
tive interests of the persons claiming the compensation and shall
make an awardunder his hand of -

(i) the true area of the land;

(ii) the compensation which in his opinion should be allowed for D
the land; and

(iii) the apportionment of the said compensation among all the
persons known or believed to be interested in the land, of whom,
or of whose claims, he has information, whether or not they have
respectively appeared before him: E
Provided that no award shall be made by the Collector under this
sub-section without the previous approval of the appropriate
Government or of such officer as the appropriate Government may
authorised in this behalf:
F
Provided further that it shall be competent for the appropriate
Government to direct that the Collector may make such award
without such approval in such class of cases as the appropriate
Government may specify in this behalf.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (i), if at any G
stage of the proceedings, the Collector is satisfied that all the
persons interested in that land who appeared before him have
agreed in writing on the matters to be included in the award of
the Collector in the form prescribed by rules made by the ap-
propriate Government, he may, without making further enquiry, H
206 SUPREME COUR'!' REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A make an award according to the terms of such agreement.

(3) The determination of compensation for any land under sub-
section (2) shall not in any way affect the determination of com-
pensation in respect of other lands in the same locality or
elsewhere in accordance with the other provisions of this Act.
B
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Registration Act,
1908, (16of1908), no agreement made under sub-section (2) shall
be liable to registration under that Act."

"11-A. Pe1iod within which an award shall be made. - The Collector
c shall make an award under Section 11 within a peliod of two years
from the date of the publication of the declaration and if no award
is a made within that pe1iod, the entire proceedings for the acquisi-
tion of the land shall lapse.

Provided that in a case where the said declaration has been publish-
D
ed before the commencement of the Land Acquisition (Amendment)
Act, 1984, the award shall he made within a peliod of two years from
such commencement.

Explanation. - In computing the period of two years referred to
E in this section, the period during which any action or proceeding
to be taken in pursuance of the said declaration is stayed by an •
order of a Court shall be excluded."

"17. Special powers in cases of urgency. - (1) In cases of urgency,
whenever the appropriate Government so directs, the Collector,
F though no such award has been made, may, on the expiration of
fifteen days from the publication of the notice mentioned in Section
9, sub-section (1), take possession of any land needed for public
pwpose. Such land shall thereupon vest absolutely in the Govem-
ment, ji·ee jimn ali encumbrances.
G
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

(4) In the case of any land to which, in the opm1on of the
appropriate Government, the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-
section (2) are applicable, the appropriate Government may direct
H that the provisions of section 5-A shall not apply, and, if it does so
AB. YADAVv. STATE[PARIPOORNAN,J.] 207

direct, a declaration may be made under Section 6 in respect of the A
land at any time date of the publication of the notification under
Section 4, sub-section (1)."

"48. Completion of acquisition not compulsmy, but compensation to
be awarded when not competed. -
B
(1) Except in the case provided for in Section 36, the Government
shall be at liberty to withdraw from the acquisition of any land of
which possession has not been taken.''

It was contended that in view of Section 11-A of the Act the entire land
acquisition proceedings lapsed as no award under Section 11 had been C
made within 2 years from the date of commencement of the Land Acquisi-
tion Amendment Act, 1984. We are of the view that the above has no force.
In this case, the government had taken possession of the land in question
under section 17(1) of the Act. It is not open to the Government to
withdraw from the acquisition (Section 48 of the Act). In such a case, D
Section 11-A of the Act is not attracted and the acquisition proceedings
would not lapse, even if it is assumed that no award was made within the
period prescribed by Section 11-A of the Act. Delivering the Judgment of
a Three Member Bench of this Court, in Satendra Prasad Jain and Others.
v. State of U.P. and Others, [1993] 4 SCC 369, S.P. Bharucha, J., at page
374, paragraph 15, stated the law thus : E

"Ordinarily, the Government can take possession of the land
proposed to be acquired only after an award compensation in
respect thereof has been made under section 11. Upon the taking
of possession, the land vests in the Government, that is to say, the F
owner of the land loses to the Government the title to it. This is
what section 16 states. The provisions of section 11-A are intended
to benefit the landowner and ensure that the award is made within
a period of two years from the date of the section 6 declaration.
In the ordinary case, therefore, when Government fails to make
an award within two years of the declaration under section 6, the G
land has still not vested in the Government and its title remains
with the owner, the acquisition proceedings are still pending, and
by virtue of the provisions of section 11-A, lapse. When section
17(1) is applied by reason of urgency, Government takes posses-
sion of the land prior to the making of the award under Section H
208 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A 11 and thereupon the owner is divested of the title to the land
which is vested in the Government. Section 17(1) states so in
unmistakable terms. Clearly section 11-A can have no application
to cases of acquisition under Section 17, because the lands have
already vested in the Govemment and there is no provision in the
said Act by which land statut01ily vested in the Govemment can reve1t
B
to the owner. "

(Emphasis supplied)

We, therefore, hold that the land acquisition proceedings in the
C instant case did not lapse.

9. We are also of the view that the proceedings dated 31.7.1984
(appearing at pages 82 to 84 of Paper Book, Vol.I, and at pages 203 to 206
of Paper Book, Vol. II), is in substance an award as contemplated by
D Section 12 of the Act. It is signed by the District Land Acquisition Officer
(Collector) under the Act, though the signature appears to be illegible.
After perusing the aforesaid proceedings dated 31.7.1984, the High Court
observed that the State is bound by the directions given by the Court earlier
in CWJC No. 3241/82, that in the light of the aforesaid order of the High
E Court, proceedings dated 31.7.1984 was passed, that all requisites of an
award are mentioned in the said order, and since there is substantial
compliance, it should be treated as an award. The High Court was also of
the view that even a defective award which has complied with the directions
of the Court and the provisions of law will not invite "the wrath" of Section
11-A of the Act. We are in general agreement with the reasoning and
F conclusion of the High Court in holding that the proceedings dated
31.7.1984, in the facts and circumstances of the case, is an award passed
by the Collector under the Act, though not in Form 15. It is only a matter
of procedure which should be complied with. Since the direction given by
the High Court in CWJC No. 3241/82 should be effectuated, the High
G Court was justified in directing the authority ~oncerned to sign and com-
plete the award in terms of the earlier order dated 31.7.1984. The reasoning
of the High Court that it has power to issue such direction under Article
215, in a case where otherwise the conduct of the persons called for
punishment in contempt, appears to be justified. We hold that the proceed-
H ings dated 31.7.1984, is in substance, an a~rd, though it is not in Form 15.
AB. YADAVv. STATE [PARIPOORNAN,J.] 209

10. Mr. Sanyal, senior counsel, very strongly contended that since the A
society filed an application before the Collector under the Bihar Public
Land Encroachment Act 1956, and also title suit No. 32/87, in the Sub
Court, Patna for removing the encroachments, the High Court was in error
in not dismissing the writ petition filed by the Society. In other words, the
plea was that since the Society has availed of the alternate remedy, the writ B
petition should have bee!) dismissed and the High Court should not have
exercised the discretionary jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitu-
tion of India. Counsel pressed into service the decision of this Court in Jail
Singh v. Union of India and Others, AIR (1977) SC 898, to substantiate th~
plea. We are of the view that Jai Singlz's case is clearly distinguishable. In C
that case, the appellant before this Court prayed for quashing the demand
made against him in respect of royalty. His case was that gypsum ore was
less than the particular percentage of purity. Whereas according to the
revenue, it was not so established and the substance contained a higher
percentage of purity. The plea of the appellant was not accepted by the D
statutory authorities. The writ petition filed by the appellant in this High
Court was dismissed on the ground that it involved determination of
disputed questions of fact and the appellant had an alternate remedy.
Against the dismissal of the writ petition the appellant filed an appeal in
this Court on a certificate granted by the High Court. He also filed a suit
wherein the same question was agitated which was the subject matter of the
E
writ petition. In these circumstances, this Court held that the appellant, in
the said case cannot pursue two parallel remedies in re!>pect of the same
matter at the same time. We are also of the view that ordinarily the above
rule should prevail. There may be extra-ordinary situations or circumstan-
ces, which may even warrant, a different approach, where the orders F
passed by the Court are sought to be violated or thwarted with impunity.
The Court cannot be a silent spectator in such extraordinary situations. The
position obtaining herein is rather a different and unusual one. The writ
petition was filed by the Society (CWJC No. 6373/88), praying for a
direction to the respondents to give effect to the directions contained in G
the earlier judgment of this Court in CWJC NO. 3241/82, dated 23.9.1984,
and for other consequential or incidental reliefs. So, it cannot be said that
in the instant case, the relief sought was to remove the encroachments from
the lands or to remove the unauthorised constructions, which are covered

- by the encroachment case or the title suit. they may be incidental or H
210 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A consequential to the main relief, in giving effect to the earlier directions or
orders of Court. But such relief cannot be withheld or denied. In the
Judgment dated 23.9.1984, rendered in CWJC No. 3241/82, the Court
categorically held that non-passing of the award will not nullify the acquisi- •. .1

tion, the validity of the acquisition was upheld by the High Court and the
B Supreme Court, and the encroachments or the unauthorised structures
were put up by persons in the property at their own risk, and it was further
observed that once possession of the land was taken by the Government
the fact that the owner of the lana entered upon the land, will not obliterate
the consequences of vesting, and allowed the writ petition filed by the
Society, and quashed the steps taken for derequisitioning of the land
c requested by the Authority and issued a writ of mandamus directing the
Collector of Patna to prepare the award as expeditiously as possible. The
plea of the respondents that the project itself was rendered an impossibility
on account of excessive encroachments or unauthorised constructions, was
repelled, and relying upon the decision of this Court in Ba/want Narayan
D Bhagde v. M.D. Bhagwat and Others, AIR (1975) SC 1767, it was held that
once possession of the land was taken by the Government, even if the
owner of the land entered upon the land and resumed possession of it the
very next moment, such act does not have the effect of obliterating the
consequences of vesting. In allowing the prayer of the Society in CWJC
E No. 6373/88, by a common judgment 30.7.1993, the High Court was only
implementing its earlier order and directions in CWJC No. 3241/82 which
it was bound to do in the circumstances. We hold that the directions and
orders contained in CWJC No. 3241/82, which were not interfered with ,
by this Court in Special leave petition, by order dated 21.3.1984, should be
F fully and effectively implemented. We hold so.

11. Mr. Sanyal, senior counsel feebly raised the plea that the Govern-
ment authorities did not take possession of a small portion of the land,
about 7 acres; and there is no award relating thereto, and the proceedings
G regarding that portion of the land, had lapsed. This plea is without sub-
stance. In our view the proceedings dated 31.7.1984 is in substance an
award passed in pursuance of the directions given by this Court in CWJC
No. 3421/82. The entire land, for which request for acquisition was made
by the Authority, was delivered over to the Authority. Possession was taken
of the entire land and the plea that possession of a small portion of the
H land was not taken is against the record (see AIR 1974 SC 1886 at 1889).
AB. YADAVv. STATE (PARIPOORNAN,J.] 211

12. All the contentions urged on behalf of the appellants fail. The A
appeals are wholly without merit and we dismiss them with costs. It is
distressing to note that the land acquisition proceedings which was initiated
for a very laudable purpose, more than 37 years ago, is not yet complete.
At one point of time, it was brought to the notice of the Court Lhat even
the files relating to the acquisition of land are not traceable. The High
Court was constrained to hold, on an earlier occasion, that non-traceability
B
of the files must be attributed to deliberate destruction of the relevant files
by the "interested parties", and "but for the intervention of influential
persons", the Government would not have stayed the entire proceedings as
it did on 3.5.1965. We are constrained to observe that the hands of the
interested parties seem to be still active, and the intervention of such C
influential persons has not disappeared (AIR 1974 SC 1888). A laudable
and noble cause is delayed for more than 3 decades, under one pretext or
the other. We express our anguish in the entire episode. We, therefore,
direct the State of Bihar, its officials the authorities and other persons
concerned who are seized of the subject matter of the instant land acquisi- D
tion proceedings, to complete the proceedings in the quickest possible
time. We further direct the appellants in these appeals to pay costs of Rs.
10,000 in each of these appeals, towards the Advocate's fees for the Society.

13. The appeals are dismissed with costs as aforesaid.
E
VANDANA Appeals dismissed.