BEG RAJ SINGHversusSTATE OF U.P. AND ORS.

A                                BEG RAJ SINGH
                                          v.
                           STATE OF U.P. AND ORS.

                              DECEMBER 18, 2002
B
                  [R.C. LAHOTI AND BRIJESH KUMAR, JJ.]


         Practice and Procedure; Right to Relief

C         G.O. issued by the State Government for sand mining lease-Term of
    lease three to five years-Lease granted in favour of lessee for one year
    initially-Collector issued order for extension of lease by a further period of
    2 years-On revision, State Government held, there was likelihood of getting
    higher revenue by holding auction of mining rights, thus selling aside
    Collector's order-Jn writ proceedings, High Court held that State
D   Government was not justified in interfering with extension order since initial
    lease should hal'e been for 3 years but denied any relief on the ground that
    proposed auction would be in public interest and 3 year period had already
    ended-On appeal, Held: Right to relief should have been decided on the
    date on which petitioner commenced proceedings-However, under
E   exceptional circumstances due to subsequent/intervening events, relief could
    be denied in equity but it should not be denied only on account of time lost
    in proceedings-Lessee allowed to operate mine for remaining period of
    lease-Direction issued

         . State of Uttar Pradesh issued a G.O. to lease out mining rights of
F   Yamuna River Bed for 3 years to 5 years term. Appellant was granted lease
    for mining of such are!!, initially for a period of one year which was extended
    by the Collector by a further period of2 years. One competitor of the appellant
    filed a revision. State Government allowed the revision on the ground that
    Government have decided to hold auction of the mining rights in public interest
    and are likely to get higher re\•enue. Appellant preferred writ petition. High
G   Court dismissed it but opined that extension of mining rightSln favour of
    appellant was justified, however, denied the relief on' the ground that auction
    of mining rights would be in public interest and 3 years period of lease came
    to an end. Hence this appeal.

          It was contended for the appellant that since the appellant made a huge
G                                       530
                             B.R. SINGH v. ST ATE                             531
expenditure on mining area, as per State Government policy, he was                    A
legitimately entitled to operate the mine for 3 years, State Government was
not justified in interfering with the collector's order for extension of mining
rights at the instance of a third party; and that despite the finding that the
State Government was unjustified in setting aside collector's Order for
extension of mining rights, the appellant was denied relief by the High Court.        B
      Allowing the appeal, the Court

       HELD: I.I. The ordinary rule of litigation is that the rights of the parties
stand crystallized on the date of commencement of litigation and right to relief
should be decided by reference to the date on which the petitioner entered the
portals of the Court. A petitioner, though entitled to relief in law, may yet be      C
denied relief in equi~y because of subsequent or intervening events. The relief
to which the petitioner is held entitled may have been rendered redundant by
lapse of time or may have been ~endered incapable of being granted by change
in law. There may be other circumstances which render it inequitable to grant
the petitioner any relief over the respondents because of the balance tilting         D
against the petitioner on weighing inequities pitted against equities on the
date of judgment. Third party interests may have been created or allowing
relief to the claimant may result in unjust enrichment on account of events
happening in between. Else the relief may not be denied solely on account of
time lost in prosecuting proceedings in judicial or quasi-judicial forum and
for no fault of the petitioner. (534-8-E)                                             E
      1.2. A petitioner having been found entitled to a right to relief, the Court
would as an ordinary rule try to place the successful party in the same position
in which he would have been ifthe wrong complained against would not have
been done to him. The instant case is such a case. The delay in final decision        F
cannot, in any manner, be attributed to the appellant. (534-E-FI

      1.3. Merely because a little higher revenue can be earned by the State
Government that cannot be a ground for not enforcing the obligation of the
State Gonrn ment which it has incurred in accordance with its own policy
decision. (534-G)                                                                     G
      1.4. The appellant shall be allowed to operate mine for a full period of
three years subject to adjustment for the period for which he has already
operated. The appellant shall remain liable to pay royalty and make other
payments to the State Government in accordance with the terms of the lease.
                                                                      (535-A)         H
    532                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2002) SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A         CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 8681 of 2002.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 13.5.2002 of the Allahabad High
    Court in CMWP No. 18300/02.

          M.N. Rao, Ms. Tameem Hashmi, F.I. Choudhury and Ms. Promila for the
B petitioner.
          Rakesh Dwivedi, Arvind Kumar Shukla, Ashok K. Srivastava, S.W.A.
    Qadri, Amitesh Kumar and Rahul Singh for L.R. Singh for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
c
          R.C. LAHOTI, J. Leave granted.

         The State ofUttar Pradesh took a policy decision as evidenced by G.O.
  dated 25.5.1995 for remission of the lease of the river bed Yamuna where sand
  and moram along with bajri bolder, reta or anyone of them is found in mixed
D condition. The policy decision contemplates such areas as are completely
  new and have been searched by the applicant himself being leased out on
  'first come first serve' basis. As provided by the G.O. based on the opinion
                                            •
  of Directorate of Geology and Mining, tfie term of such lease shall normally
  be between three to five years.
E
           The appellant applied for one such sand mining lease in accordance
    with the policy decision contained in the G.O. The Collector, Gautam Budh
    Nagar granted the said lease to the appellant. The lease was executed for a
    period of one year w.e.f. 3rd June; 1998. Before the expiry of the term of the
    lease, the appellant sought for a renewal for another period of two years. The
F   Collector granted such extension vide order dated 20.12.2000; the principal
    consideration for granting such renewal being that the lease, as originally
    executed, should have been for a minimum period of three years which having
    not been done and erroneously the lease having been executed for a period
    of one year the appellant was entitled to such extension for two years.
G         It appears that around the time when the appellant was allowed the
    extension of two years, the Government had taken a decision to hold an
    auction of the sand mining lease. The respondent No.3, a competitor aspirant
    of the appellant preferred a revision before the State Government against the
    order of the Collector dated 20.12.2000. The revision was filed after expiry of
H   one year and four months from the date of the order of extension. The State
                    B.R. SINGH v. STA TE [R.C. LAHOTI, J. ]                   533
 Government.condoned the delay in filing the revision on the ground that the          A
 revision was filed within the period of limitation calculated from the date of
 the knowledge of the respondent No.3. The issue as to locus standi was also
 decided in favour of respondent No.3. The State Government, vide its order
 dated 22.4.2002, set aside the order of the Collector influenced mainly by the
 consideration. that the State Government having decided to hold an auction
 of the mining rights, the State Government was likely to gain higher revenue         B
 and therefore it was in public interest to transfer mining rights by holding an
 auction.

        The appellant preferred a writ petition in the High Court feeling aggrieved
 by the order of the State Government. Vide order dated 13.5.2002, the High           C
 Court has dismissed the writ petition. A perusal of the impugned order shows
 that in the opinion of the High Court the order of the Collector granting two
 years extension of mining rights to the appellant was justified and the State
 Government was not justified in interfering and setting aside the order of the
 Collector. The High Court agreed that the initial lease should have been for
 a period of three years in which case there would have been no occasion for          D
 litigation. However still, the High Court denied the relief to the appellant Oil
 the ground that auction would sub-serve public interest by fetching higher
 royalty to the State Government and further because the period of three years
 calculated from the date of the original grant had in any case come to an end
 and therefore no relief could be allowed to the appellant. The appellant has         E
 filed this appeal by special leave.

         The only submission made by the learned counsel for the appellant is
  that the appellant has been given a very rough deal by the State Government
. and the injustice done to the appellant the High Court has failed to redeem.
  He had identified and explored t_he new mining area and made huge expenditure       F
  in making the mining area approachable and therefore it' was the legitimate
  expectation of the appellant that he would be entitled to operate the mine for
  a minimum period of three years as per the declared policy of State Government.
  The State Government should not have interfered with the order of the
  Collector and that too at the instance of a third party-the respondent no.3,
  when no auction was held and no right was created in favour of the respondent       G
  No.3. Matter as to the grant or renewal of the lease for a total period of three
  years.was in accordance with the policy ofthe.State Government and was a
  matter between the State and the appellant. It was submitted at the end that
· the appellant has been agitating his right diligently throughout and. the time
  lost in prosecuting legal proceedings upto th·e High Court wherein the plea         H.
    534                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002) SUPP. S S.C.R.

A raised by the appellant laying challenge to the order of the State Government
    was found to be meritorious and the order of the State Government held liable
    to be set aside, the appellant should not have been denied relief and should
    have been allowed to operate the mine for that period by which the mining
    operation by the appellant fell short of three years time.
B        Having heard the learned counsel for the appellant as also the learned
  counsel for the State and the private respondent, we are satisfied that the
  appeal deserves to be allowed. The ordinary rule oflitigation is that the rights
  of the parties stand crystallized on the date of commencement of litigation and
  right to relief should be decided by reference to tile date on which the
C petitioner entered the portals of the Court. A petitioner, though entitled to
  relief in law, may yet be denied relief in equity because of subsequent or
  intervening events, i.e., the events between the commencement of litigation
  and the date of decision. The relief to which the petitioner is held entitled may
  have been rendered redundant by lapse of time or may have been rendered
  incapable of being granted by change in law. There may be other circumstances
D which render it inequitable to grant the petitioner any relief over the
  respondents because of the balance tilting against the petitioner on weighing
  inequities pitted against equities on the date of judgments. Third party interests
  may have been created or allowing relief to the claimant may result in unjust
  enrichment on account of events happening in between. Else the relief may
E not be denied solely on account of time lost in prosecuting proceedings in
  judicial or quasi-judicial forum and for no fault of the petitioner. A plaintiff
  or petitioner having been found entitled to a right to relief, the Court would
  as an ordinary rule try to place the successful party in the san:ie position in
  which he would have been if the wrong complained against would not have
   been done to him. The present one is such a case. The delay in final decision
F cannot, in any manner, be attributed to the appellant. No auction has taken
   place. No third party interest has been created. The sand mine has remained
   un-operated for the period for which the period of operation falls short of
   three years. The operation had to be stopped because of the order of the
   State Govenfment intervening which order has been found unsustainable in
G accordance with stipulations contained in the mining lease consistently with
   the G.O. issued by the State of Uttar Pradesh. Merely because a little higher
   revenue can be earned by the State Government that cannot be a ground for.
   not enforcing the obligation of the State Government which it has incurred
   in accordance with its own policy decision.

H          For the foregoing reasons, the appeal is allowed with costs. The impugned
                   B.R. SINGH v. STATE [R.C. LAHOTI, J.]                      535
order of the High Court, dismissing the petition filed by the petitioner, is set     A
aside. Instead, it is directed that the appellant shall be allowed to operate mine
for a full period of three years subject to adjustment for the period for which
he has already operated. The appellant shall remain liable to pay royalty and
make other payments to the State Government in accordance with the terms
of the lease.
                                                                                     B
S.K.S.                                                          Appeal allowed.