BHARUCH COCONUT TRADING CO. AND ORS.versusMUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF AHMEDABAD AND OTHERS.

A         BHARUCH COCONUT tRADING CO. AND ORS.
                            v.
           MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF
                  AHMEDABAD AND OTHERS.

B                           NOVEMBER 27, 1990.

             [KULDIP SINGH AND K. RAMASWAMY, JJ.]

         Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Act/Ahmedabad Municipal
    Corporation Rules-Rule 4 Item Nos. 10, IJ and 55-Watery coconut
    (brown coconut)-E/igibility to octroi.
c
        The appellants Import and sell the brown coconut (watety
  coconut) from the States of Andbra Pradesh, Keralil, Karnalllka llild
                                                                                 -
  Tamil Nadu and sell the same in the city of Ahmedabad as their tl'ading
  activity. Under the Municipal Corporation rules, whenever goods are
D carried into or out of the octrol limlts of the Municipal Corporation, the
  articles specified under the rules are liable to octrol, except of course
  those exempted under Item 10 of Rnle 4. The respondents leVled octroi
  "n brown coconuts at the rate of Rs. I per 100 kgm, at the point ot
  import into the octroi limits of the Respondent's corporation. 'I'he rate·
  was later enhanced to Rs.5 per 100 kg. The appellants challenged tlie
  levy of octroi on brown coconuts by means of filing ii writ petition
E contending that brown coconuts are green fruits within the meanlnll ot
  item 10 of rule 4 of the RUies and therefore, they are exempted article&,
  not exigible to octroi. The High Court rejected the writ petition. 11ellce
  this appeal, by special leave.

          Dismissing the appeal, this Court,
F
        HELD: The watery coconut (brown eoconut) is not a green l'rult
  but is a separate entity by itself. it cannot also be considered to be a dry
  fruit within the meaning of entry 11 of Rule 4. Dried fruit is distinct
  from the coconut. Therefore, the watery coconut (brown cocenilt) does
  not fall within the meaning of item 13B of Rule 4 of the Rules also. All
G articles or goods which are not specified elsewhere in tbe schedule or in
  the list of exempted articles or goods would fall under item 55 of Rule
  14. Brown coconut is not an exempted article among the list of artlcles
  in item 10 of Rule, namely, green fruit Brown coconut (watery coconut)
  would fall within item 55 of Rule 14 of the Rules and is exlglble to
H octroi. [397D-E]


                                       392
COCONUT TRADING CO. v. MUNICIPALCORPN. [K. RAMASWAMY.J.] 393

      Ramavtar Budhaiprasad v. Asstt. Sales Tax Officer, Ako/a,           A
[1961l 12 STC 286; Commissioner of Sales Tax, U.P. v. S.N. Brothers,
[1973] 31 STC 302; P.S. Thillai Chidambara Nadar v. Addi. Appellate
Asstt. Commr., Madurai and Anr., [1985] 60 STC 80; Sri Krishna
Coconut Co. v. Commercial Tax Officer, Ama/apuram, [1965) 16 STC
511; Kunchi Rajeshwara Sastry and Sons and Anr. v. Asstt. Commis-
sioner of Commercial Taxes, Kakinada and Ors., [1976] 37 STC 399;         B
Sri Lakshmi Coconut Industries v. The State of Karnataka and Anr.,
[1980] 46 STC 404; Deputy Commissioner of Agrl. Income Tax and
Sales Tax, Kera/av. A.P. Raman, [1960] 11 STC 263 and Commis-
sioner of Sales-tax v. Ram Kumar Nand Kumar, [1973) 31 STC 321,
referred to.

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2433 of
                                                                          c
1977.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 24.1.1977 of the Gujarat
High Court in S.C.A. No. 655 of 1975.
                                                                          D
        Kishan Kumar for Mehta Dave & Co. for the appellants.

        H.S. Parihar for the respondents.

        The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                                           E
      K. RAMASWAMY, J. This appeal under Art. 136 is against the
judgment in S.C.A. No. 655 of 1975 of the Gujarat High Court dated
January 24, 1977 wherein the appellants questioned the power to levy
octroi on brown coconut (watery coconut) and the High Court dismis-
sed the writ petition holding that the brown coconut is not an exemp-
ted green fruit but would attract general item No. 55 of Rule 14 of the F
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Octroi Rules (for short 'the
Rules'),. The admitted facts are that the appellants import and sell the
brown coconut in the city of Ahmedabad as their trading activity. The
respondent levied octroi on brown coconurs at the rate of Re:i per-100
kilograms at the point of import into the octroi limits of the respondent
corporation. By an amendment to the rules, with effect from April 6, G
 1975 the rate of levy was increased to Rs.5 per 100 kilograms. The
appellants challenged its legality contending that the brown coconuts
are green fruits within the meaning of item 10 of rule 4 of the rules and,
therefore, they are exempted articles. It is, thereby, not exigible to
octroi. The contention was negated and the writ petition was dismissed
as against which this appeal has been filed.                               H
    394         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

          Admittedly the appellants, as a part of their trading activity.
A
    import brown coconuts (watery coconuts) from Andhra Pradesh
    Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu through rail and road to
    Ahmedabad. Under the rules, whenever goods are carried into or out
    of the octroi limits of the Municipal Corporation. the articles specified
    under the rules are liable to octroi, except of course those ~xempted
B   under Item JO of Rule 4. Rule 4 contains the list of articles which are
    exempted from octroi.

          Item JO in Rule 4 reads thus:

                "(JO) Green fruits of all kinds, sugar cane, fennel igreen
                Variali), Pan and Vegetables".
c
    Rule 14 provides that octroi shall be levied at the rates and in the
    manner stated in schedule 'A'. Item 11 of the sche.dule specify dry
    fruits thus:

D               "l l Dried fruits and their cakes, dry shingodas, dry
                cashew nuts and dried grapes. 1-00 ps. Adv!.

                l3(b ). Dried Kernel of coconut. 0-75 pc-Adv I.

                55. All articles and goods not specified elsewhere in the
E               schedule or in the list of exempted articles and goods 1-00
                JOOkg."

          The question is whether brown coconut (watery coconut) is a
    green fruit or not? In Ramavtar Budha1prasad v. Asstt. Sales-tax
    Officer, Ako/a, I 1961] 12 STC. 286 and Commissioner of Sales-tax,
F   UP. v. S.N. Brothers, [ 1973] 31 STC 302 this Court held that the
    expression occurring in schedules to the sales tax Act have to be con-
    sidered with reference to their meaning in ordinary commercial par-
    lance and should not be considered according to the strict scientific
    meaning. In Ramavtar Budhaiprasad's case, this Court held that betel
    leaves, though vegetable leaves in the strict scientific sense, cannot be
G   considered to be vegetables. In ordinary commercial language in the
    common parlance, betel leaves cannot be considered as vegetables.
    Coconut in the ordinary commercial sense is understood in several
    forms as tender coconut, watery coconut, dried coconut and Copra
    and all these come under the expression coconut. Tender coconut
    contains juicy water and the kernel is at the tender stage. The tender
H   coconuts are used generally during summer (autumn) season to drink
COCONUT TRADING CO. v. MUNICIPAL CORPN. [K. RAMASWAMY, J .1            395

the watery juice therein after cutting it. A watery coconut is a ripened
coconut and enters the market after the removal of the outer cover of         A
its fibre. It is called coconut or watery coconut. For the purpose of the
case it is called brown coconut. The water is used as a drink and the
kernel for culinary purposes. After the coconut is fully grown it is
plucked from the trees and after removing the outer fibre (to reduce
weight); it is sent to the market for commercial purposes. As stated          B
earlier it is called coconut or watery coconut (brown coconut). The
question, therefore, is whether the brown coconut (watery coconut) is
a green fruit. The word green is defined in Chambers Dictionary at
page 463 as adjective of the colour usually in leaves between blue and
yellow in spectrum ..... unripe, fresh, undried, raw or colour of
green things.
                                                                              c
      In Webster Comprehensive Dictionary, International Edition at
p. 509, the word 'fruit' has been defined as the edible, pulpy mass
covering the seeds of various plants and trees. They are classified as
fleshy, as gourds, melons, oranges, apples, pears, berries, etc.;
drupaceous as cherries, peaches, plums, apricots, and others contain-         D
ing stones; dry as nuts, capsuls, ashenia, follicles, legumes, etc. In
flowering plants, the mature seed vessel and its contents, together with
such accessory or external parts of the inflorescence seemed to be
integral with them. Any vegetable product used as food or otherwise
serviceable to man, as grain, cotton, or flax; also such products, collec-
tively: the fruits of the earth. Therefore, in the context of the octroi it   E
could be legitimate to conclude that all kinds of fresh fruits are exemp-
ted articles.

      In P.S. Thillai Chidambara Nadar v. Addi. Appellate Asstt.
Commissioner, Madurai & Anr., I 1985] 60 STC 80 this Court was to
consider whether ripend coconut which is none other than watery               F
coconut is an exempted article as vegetable und.er the Tamil Nadu
General Sales Tax Act (I of 1959). This Court held that fresh fruits and
vegetables being household articles of everyday use for the table, these
will have to be construed in the popular sense, meaning the sense in
which every householder will understand them. Viewed from this
angle, the most apposite test would be an answer to a simple question:        G
Would a householder when asked to bring home some 'fresh fruits'
and some ·vegetables' for the evening meal, bring coccnut too? Ob-
viously the answer is in the negative. Accordingly this Court held that
ripend coconut is neither a fresh fruit nor vegetable. The watery
coconut is no doubt a ripend coconut used for several purposes like
offerings to a deity in a Hindu temple being broken or used on auspi-         H
    396         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [ 1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

    cious occasions or used in preparation of the daily table food or in
A
    confectionary like· biscuits or in the extraction of oil when it is fresh or
    dried kernel. When a person in the commercial market goes and asks
    for coconut no one will consider brown coconut to be vegetable or
    fresh fruit, much less a green fruit. No householder would purchase it
    as a fruit. No doubt in some English Dictionary, coconut is called a
B   fruit or nut but it is to be understood in its ordinary commercial par-
    lance. In Sri Krishna Coconut Co. v. Commercial Tax Officer,
    Amalapuram, [ 1965] 16 STC 511 the Andhra Pradesh High Court was
    to consider whether fully grown coconut with well developed kernel
    containing water i.e. watery coconut could be called tender or dried
    coconut. In that context considering the scope of an explanation to
    Schedule III of the A.P. General Sales Tax Act, 1957 which exempted
c   tender coconut from the sales tax under the Act, it was held that in a
    tender coconut, the kernel is hardly formed or is only in the initial
    stages of formation. In a dried coconut the kernel has formed and fully
    developed and further the water inside the coconut has dried up lead-
    ing to the drying of the kernel also. But a fully grown coconut with a
D   well developed kernel, which contains, water cannot be called either a
    tender or a dried coconut. This is well-known that coconut is used for
    culinary purposes and on auspicious occasions and as part of the offer-
    ings in temples. It was held in that case that the watery coconuts are
    fully developed coconuts and they are exigible to sales tax. In Kunchi
    Rajeshwara Sastry & Sons and Anr. v. Asstt. Commnr. of Commercial
E   Taxes, Kakinada, and Ors., [1976] 37 STC 399 the division Bench of
    the Andhra Pradesh High Court was to consider whether Copra is an
    oil-seed within the meaning of item (vi) of the list of declared goods
    mentioned in Section 14 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, and
    whether it is exigible to sales tax under the Andhra Pradesh Sales Tax
    Act, 1957. In that context it was held that Copra is an oil-seed and it is
F   a declared good within the meaning of Central Sales Tax Act, 1956.
    The watery coconuts are made liable to tax at the point of last purchase
    and that, therefore, Copra would be taxed till that period at the point
    of last purchase and the coconut of all varieties would include Copra
    also. Therefore, it is a declared goods. The Division Bench while
    considering whether Copra is an oil-seed held thus:
G                                                                                  •
                "Coconut is understood in several forms, namely, tender
                coconut, watery coconut, dried coconut and Copra, and all
                these come under the expression coconut. Except in the
                case of tender coconut from which oil cannot be extracted,
                in all other cases, oil can be extracted and all of them are
H               regarded in common parlance as oil-seeds".
COCONUT TRADING CO. v. MUNICJPALCORPN. [K. RAMASWAMY.J.J             397
                                       •
In Sri Lakshmi Coconut Industries v. The State of karnataka & Anr.,
[ 1980] 46 STC 404 the Division Bench of the Karnataka High Court           A
was to consider whether desiccated coconut falls within the entry
coconut, which is one of the declared goods under section 14 of the
Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 and is also included at entry 5 of the
Fourth Sche.dule to the Karnataka Sales T_ax Act, 1957. Jn that context
the meaning of the word oil-seeds was extensively examined by the           B
Division Bench and held that desiccated coconut is a coconut and a
declared good under section 14 of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, In
Deputy Commissioner of Agrl. Income-tax and Sales-tax, Kerala v.
A. P. Raman, [ 1960] 11 STC 263 the Kerala High Court also took the
same view. In Commissioner of Sales-tax v. Ram Kumar Nand Kumar,
[1973] 31STC321 the Allahabad High Court also held that coconut is
an oil-seed within the definition of section 3-AA(l} (vi) of the U.P.       c
Sales Tax Act, 1948.
       In the light of the above discussion we conclude that the watery
coconut (brown coconut) is not a green fruit but is a separate entity by
itself. It cannot also be considered to be a dry fruit within the meaning
of entry 11 of Rule 4. Dried fruit is distinct from the coconut. There-     D
fore, the watery coconut (brown coconut) does not fall within the
meaning of item 13B of Rule 4 of the Rules also. All artiles or goods
which are not specified else-where in the schedule or in the list of
exempted articles or goods would fall under item 55 of Rule 14. Brown
coconut is not an exempted article among the list of articles in item 10
of Rule 4, namely, green fruit (brown coconut (watery coconut) would        E
fall within item 55 of Rule 14 of the rules and is exigible to octroi.
      Shri Krishan kumar, learned c_ounsel for the appellant repeatedly
asked this Court to make a reference to the larger bench on the ground
that the similar question would frequently arise in various High Courts
under the respective sales-tax Acts, the Central Sales-tax Act and the F
Octroi Rules of the respective States and after the issue of the notice to
all the learned Advocate Generals of the States and the Attorney
General and the law may be authoritatively laid by a larger bench. In
view of the settled legal position, ~e find no such necessity to make a
reference to the larger bench.
      Thereby we have no hesitation to hold that the High Court is well     G
justified in coming to its conclusion that watery coconut (brown
coconut) is exigible to octroi only under item 55 of Rule 14 of the
Rules. Accordingly we dismiss the appeal with costs quantified at
Rs.10,000.

T. Lal                                                Appeal dismissed.