BHOOP SINGHversusRAM SINGH MAJOR AND ORS.

A                               BHOOP SINGH
                                     v.
                          RAM SINGH MAJOR AND ORS.

                                 SEPTEMBER 11, 1995

:B                [K. RAMASWAMY AND B.L. HANSARIA, JJ.f

            Registration Act 1908-Sections 17(2)(vi), 17(1)(b) and (c) and
     17( 1)(a )-Decree in declarat01y suit conceming immovable property based on
     admission of defendant-Whether such decree to confer rights, requires
C    registration-~-Held, decree not being declaration of pre-existing right, but pur-
     porting to create right or title in property of value of Rs. 100 or upwards in
     favour of plaintiffs for the first time, requires registration-Decree in question,
     further found to be collusive-Section 17(2)(v)-Amending Act 21 of
      1929-Stamp Act 1899, Section 2(14)-Civil Procedure Code 1908, Order 12,
 D   Rule 6 and Order 23, Rule 3.

           The plaintiffs and the defendants (including the petitioner in this
     case) in the suit out of which the SLP arose were descendants ofa common
     ancestor. In an earlier suit filed in 1973, the petitioner obtained a decla-
     ratory decree in respect of the property in suit, on the basis of a written
 E   statement filed by the defendant in that suit admitting the claim of the
     plaintiff (petitioner) to be correct. Therefore nothing much happened, till
     the present suit was filed claiming 1/3 share in the suit lands as heirs· of
     a common ancestor. The petitioner contended that, in view of the
     aforesaid order, the dispute did not survive and he alone was entitled to
     be in possession of the suit land.
 F
           The trial court held the earlier decree was against law and facts. The
     appeal of the petitioners to the District Judge, and a second appeal to a
     learned Single Judge of the High Court was also dismissed.

 G         In appeal, the question was whether the aforesaid decree not being
     registered, it could have conferred any right on the petitioner.

           It was urged for the petitioner that, in view of the exception provided
     in Section 17 (2)(vi) of the Registration Act 1908, the decree is not required
     to be registered. It was contended that it was Section 17(1)(b) which was
H    attracted to the case and not Section 17(1)(a), and Section 17(2)(vi) would,
                                            466
                 BHOOP SINGH v. RAM SINGH MAJOR                          467

therefore, be operative.                                                        A
      Dismissing the petition, this Court

       HELD : l. The exception engrafted in Section 17(2)((vi) is meant to
cover that decree or order of a court, including a decree or order expressed
to be made on a compromise, which declares the pre-existing right and           B
does not by itself create new right, title or interest in praesenti in immov-
able property of the value of Rs. 100 or upwards. Any other view would
find the mischief of avoidance of registration, which requires payment of
stamp duty, embedded in the decree or order. [474-F]

       Rani Hemanta Kumari Debi v. Midnapur Zamindwi Co. Ltd. (1919)            c
AC 240, Mangan Lal Deoshi v. Mohammad Moinul Haque, [1950) SCR 833,
Fazal Rasul Khan v. Mohd-ul-Nisa, AIR (1944) Lah 394 and C. Muthuvel
Pillai v. Hazarath Syed Shah Mian AIR (1974) Mad 199, distinguished

      Bislmndeo Narain v. Seogani Rai & Jagernath, [1951) SCR 548,              D
Shanker Sitarani Sontakke v. Balkrishna Sitaram Sontakke [1955) 1 SCR 99,
Sudhir Chandra Guha v.Jogesh Chandra Das, AIR (1970) A & N 102, Surjya
Kumar Das v. Sm. Maya Dutta, AIR (1982) Cal 222, Luxmi Narain Kapoor
v. Radhey Mohan Kapoor, AIR (1986) All 244, Gurdev Kaur v. Me/tar Singh,
(1989) PW 182, Ranbir Singh v. Sl11i Chand, (1984) PLJ 562, Sumintabai
Ramlaishna v. Rakhambai Ramklishna Jadhav AIR (1981) Born. 52, Tek              E
Bahadur v. Debi Singh AIR (1966) SC 292, Maturi Pulliah v. Maturi Narasim-
han, AIR (1966) SC 1836 and Ratan Lal Shanna v. Purshottam Harit, [1974)
3 SCR 109, referred ~o.

       2. It would be the duty of the court to examine in each case whether
the parties have pre-existing right to the immovable property, or whether       F
under the order or decree of the court on party having right, title or
interest therein agreed or suffered to extinguish the same and created
right, title or interest in praesenti in immovable property of the value of
Rs. 100 upwards in favour of other party for the first time, either by
com11romise or pretended consent. If later be the position, the document        G
is compulsorily registrable. [474-G-H]

     3. The legal pnsition qua clause (vi) of Section 17(2) can be sum-
marised as below :

      (1) Compromise decree if bona fide, in the sense that the ·com- H
    468                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A   promise is not a device to obviate payment of stamp duty and frustrate the
    law relating to registration, would not require registration. [475-B]

           (2) If the compromise decree were to create for the fi1:1·t time right,
    title or interest in immovable property of the value of Rs. 100 or upwards
    in favour of any party to the suit, the decree or order would require
B   registration. [475'-C]

          (3) If the decree were not to attract any of the clauses of Section
    17(1), the decree would not require registration. [475-D]

          Rani Hemkanta Kum01i Debi v. Midnapur Zamindati Co. Ltd., (1919)
c AC 240; Mangan Lal Deoshi v. Mohammad Moinul Haque, [1950] SCR 833;
    Bishundeo Narain v. Seogani Rai & Jagemath, [1951] SCR 548; Shankar
    Sitaram Sontakke v. Ballaishna Sitaram Sontakke, [1955] 1 SCR 99; Tek
    Bahadur v. Debi Singh, AIR (1966) SC 292; Matwi Pulliah v. Maiwi
    Narasimhan, AIR (1966) SC 1836 and Rutan Lal Shanna v. Purshottam
D   H01it, [1974] 3 SCR 109, referred to.

          (4) If the decree were not to embody the terms of compromise, benefit
    from the terms of compromise cannot be derived, even if a suit were to be
    disposed of because of the compromise in question. [475-E]

E         Fazal Rasul Khan v. Mohd-ul-Nisa AIR, (1944) Lah. 394, referred to.

           (5) If the property dealt with by the decree be not the "subject matter
    of the suit or proceeding", clause (vi) of sub- section (2) would not operate.
                                                                        [475-E-F]
          4. The decree having 1mrported to create right or title in the plaintiff
F
    for the first time that is not being a deciaration of a pre-existing right, did
    require registration. Also, the first suit cannot really be said to have been
    decreed on the basis of compromise, as the suit was decreed "in view of the
    written statement filed by the defendant admitting the claim of the plaintiff
    to be correct". Decreeing of suit in such a situation is covered by Order 12
G   Rule 6, and not by Order 23 Rule 3, which deals with compromise of suit,
    whereas the former is on the subject of judgment on admissions.
            ,                                                      [475-H, 476-A]
          5. Further, both the first appellate court and the High Court have
    held that the decree in question was "collusive" as it was with a view to defeat
H   the right of others who had bona fide claim over the property. [476-B]
         BHOOP SINGH v. RAM SINGH MAJOR [HANSARIA,J.]                     469

     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (C)                    A
No. 17474 of 1995.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 24.2.95 of the Punjab &
Haryana High Court in R.S.A. No. 1549 of 1979.

      D.V. Sehgal, M.K. Dua and Ms. Monica, for the petitioner.                  B

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

       HANSARIA, J. The petitioner is one of the defendants in the suit out
of which the present special leave petition arises. The plaintiffs are heirs
of one Nand Ram, who is one of the five sons of one Jeevan Ram. The              c
petitioner belongs to the branch of Rakha Ram, another son of Jeevan
Ram. Ganpat was a son of Nanha Ram, still another son of Jeevan Ram.

     2. The· petitioner filed, at one point of time, suit No. 215 of 1973
which came to be disposed of on 6.4.1973 as below :
                                                                                 D
        "It is ordered that a declaratory decree in respect of the property
        in suit fully detailed in the heading of the plaint to the effect that
        the plaintiff will be the owners in possession from today in lieu of
        the defendant after his death and the plaintiff deserves his name
        to be incorporated as such in the revenue papers, is granted in          E
        favour of the plaintiff against the defendant, in view of the wlitten
        statement filed by the defendant adinitting the claim of the plaintiff
        to be c01rect. pleader's fee fixed Rs. 16. It is further ordered that
        there is no order as to costs."

                                                        (Emphasis supplied)      F

Thereafter nothing much happened, till the present suit was filed claiming
one-third share in the suit land as heirs of Jeevan Ram. The Petitioner
contended that in view of the aforesaid order passed in Suit No. 215 of
1973, the dispute does not survive and he alone is entitled to be in .G
possession of the suit land. The trial court held that the aforesaid decree
was against law and facts. The appeal of the petitioner was dismissed by
the District Judge; so too, the second appeal by a learned Single Judge of
the High Court, whose judgment has been impugned in this petition.

      3. A perusal of the impugned judgment shows that among other H
    470                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A   reasons to decide _the present proceeding against the petitioner, one wai:;
    that the aforesaid decree not having been registered, the same could not
    have conferred any right on the petitioner. It is this view of the learned
    Judge which has been principally assailed in this petition.

            4. Shri Sehgal appearing for the petitioner has strenuously contended
B   that the aforesaid view is not tenable in law inasmuch as, accordingly lO
     learned counsel, the decree is not required to be registered in view of what
    has been stated in clause (vi) of sub-section (2) of section 17 of the
    Registration Act, 1908. The learned Judge of the High Court did not agree
     to this contention because, according to him, the decree has to be treated
c   "to create a gift" which would take the case out of the purview of the
     aforesaid clause, because that is to apply only to clauses (b) and (c) of
    sub-section (1), whereas the present case would attract clause (a) of
    sub-section (1). Shri Sehgal contends that the view taken by learned Judge
    was not correct in law as, according to him, the present is really not a case
    attracting clause (a) of sub-section (1), but the case of the petitioner falls
D   within clause (b), which would make clause (vi) of sub- section (2) opera-
    tive.

           5. In support of his submission, the learned counsel has referred us
    tb number of decisions starting from that of the Privy Council in Rani
E   Hemanta Kuma1i Debi v. Midnapur Zamindari Co. Ltd., (1919) I.A. 240,
    whose ratio was relied upon by this Court in Mangan Lal Deoshi v.
    Mohammad Moinul H_aque, (1950] SCR 833. In these two cases it was held
    that the decree in question was not required to be registered because, in
    the first case, the compromise was accepted to be "an agreement to lease",
    whereas in the second case the facts disclosed that the agreement was
F   contingent, and so, no lease came into existence. It was, therefore, held
    that the cases did not come within the fold of clause (d) of sub-section (1)
    of section 17, and so, the court's order was not required to be registered.
    These cases are thus of no assistance to the petitioner.

G         6. Shri Sehgal has then referred us to Bishundeo Narain v. Seogeni
    Rai & Jagemath, [1951) SCR 548, and Shankar Sitaram Sontakke v. Balkrish-
    na Sitaram Sontakke, (1955] 1 SCR 99. A perusal of these judgments show
    that they are not relevant having dealt with some other questions of law.

         7. Among the decisions of the High Court to be relied on by Shri
H   Sehgal, the first is one rendered in the case of Fazal Rasul Khan v.
         BHOOP SINGH v. RAM SINGH MAJOR [HANSARIA, J.)                  471

Mohd-ul-Nisa, AIR (1944) Lahore 394. The question for determination in         A
that case was whether disposal of a suit by stating "Suit compromised and
accordingly dismissed", could be said to embody the terms of the com-
promise. The Bench opined that it would not unless the terms of the
compromise are in some way embodied in the decree or the order, which
would be so where a suit is disposed of by saying "Suit decreed in the terms
                                                                               B
of the compromise or suit dismissed in terms of the compromise". This
decision is thus on a different point.

      8. Coming to the post-Independent decisions, the first to be pressed
into service is that of High Court of Assam and Nagaland in Sudhir
Chandra Guha v. Jogesh Chandra Das, AIR (1970) A & N 102. This C
decision does support the legal submission advanced by Shri Sehgal inas-
much as it has been held that the compromise decree in an earlier suit
being relatable to immovable property which was subject matter of the suit,
section 17 (2) (vi) of the Registration Act did exempt the decree from
registration. It was, therefore, held that the compromise decree in question D
was not required to be registered for conferring title in respect of property
in the decree as per its terms. AIR 1982 Calcutta 222 Swjya Kumar Das v.
Smt. Maya Dutta) also sustains the legal proposition advanced by the
learned counsel to the extent that a compromise decree confined to the
subject matter of suit does not require registration to confer title by its
fo~                                                                            E
      9. The point in C. Muthuvel Pillai v. Hazarath Syed Shah Mian, AIR
(1974) Madras 199, was relatable to the question as to what is the purport
to the expression "subject matter of the suit or proceeding" finding place
in clause (vi). This decision is thus is on a point not relevant for our       F
purpose.

      10. The decision of the Lucknow Bench in Luxmi Narain Kapoor v.
Radhey Mohan Kapoor, AIR (1986) Allahabad 244, is also on different·
point as the bench was called upon to decide whether the compromise
incorporating the terms of an earlier settlement and the decree based on G
it required to be registered. It was held after referring to some earlier
decisions that a compromise representing a family settlement was in law
not a transfer of property. It was also observed that compromise did not
create any right or title in favour of the parties of its own force, but it
operated to recognise pre-existing right. This decision would, in a way, go H
    472                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A   against the proposition advanced by Shri Sehgal because, if what is stated
    therein be the correct position in law, then a compromise decree creating
    a right by its own force would require registration.

           11. The sheet anchor of Shri Sehgal's submission is a Bench decision
    of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Gurdev Kaur v. Mehar Singh,
B   (1989) PU 182. Reference to that decision shows that the Bench opined
    that the view taken by learned Single Judges of High Court in some earlier
    cases that a decree based on compromise conferring title required registra-
    tion, even though it related to the property in suit, was not correct. One
    such view had been taken in Ranbir Singh v. Slui Chand, (1984) PU 562,
c   on the reasoning that a compromise is basically a contract and decree
    founded on it, if the same created right for the first time, would be treated
    as an instrument of gift and so would require registration. The Bench,
    however, held that a compromise decree creating right even for the first
    time would not require registration. This decision is thus rightly pressed
D   into service by Shri Sehgal. Its perusal, however, shows that it distinguished
    the case of Sumintabai Ramkrishna v. Rakhmabai Ramk1ishna Jadhav, AIR
    1981 Born. 52, because in that case the compromise itself was not regarded
    as bona fide by the court, as it was described as sham compromise brought
    about for the purposes of practising fraud upon the law relating to stamp
    duty and registration.
E
           12. The aforesaid decisions do not cover the whole ground, according
    to us. They meet our approval as far as they go. But something more is
    required to be said to find out the real purport of clause (vi). It needs to
    be stated that sub-section (1) of section 17 mandates that the instrument
p   enumerated in clauses (a) to (e) shall be registered compulsorily if the
    property to which they relate is. immovable property value of which is Rs.
    100 or upwards. When the document purports or operates to create,
    declare, assign, limit or extinguish, whether in present or in future, any
    right, title or interest therein, whether vested or contingent, it has to be
    registered compulsorily. The Act does not define "instrument". Section 2
G   (14) of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899, defines "instrument" to include every
    document by which any right or liability is, or purports to be, created,
    transferred, limited, extended, extinguished or recorded. Sub-section (2) of
    section 17 of the Act engrafts exceptions to the instruments covered only
    by cla~ses (b) and (c) of sub-section (1). We are concerned with clause
H   (vi) of sub-section (2). Clause (vi) relates to any decree or order of a court,
         BHOOP SINGH v. RAM SINGH MAJOR [HANSARIA, J.]                   473

except a decree or order expressed to be made on a compromise and A
comprising immovable property other than that which is the subject matter
of the suit or proceeding. Clause (v) is relevant which in contrast reads
thus: "any document not itself creating, declaring, assigning, limiting or
extinguishing any right, title or interest of the value of one hundred rupees
and upwards to or in immovable property, but merely creating a right to
                                                                                 B
obtain another instrument which will, when executed, create, declare,
assign, limit or extinguish any such right, title or interest;". The Explanation
amplifies that a contract for the sale of immovable property containing a
recital of payment of any earnest money or of the whole or any part of the
purchase price shall not be deemed to be required or ever to have required
registration.                                                                    c
       13. In other words, the court must enquire whether a document has
recorded unqualified and unconditional words of present demise of right,
title and interest in the property and included the essential terms of the
same; if the document, including a compromise memo, extinguishes the D
rights of one and seeks to confer right, title or interest in praesenti in favour
of the other, relating to immovable property of the value of Rs.100 and
upwards, the document or record or compr.omise memo shall be compul-
sorily registered.

      14. In Tek Bahadur v. Debi Singh & Ors., AIR (1966) SC 292, the          E
Constitution Bench of this Court considered the validity of the family
arrangement had the question was whether it requires to be compulsorily
registered under section 17, This Court, while upholding oral family arran-
gement, held that registration would be necessary only if the terms of the
family arrangements are reduced into writing. A distinction should be F
made between the document containing the terms and recital of family
arrangement made under the document and a mere memorandum
prepared after the family arrangement had already been made either for
the purpose of record or for information of the court for making necessary
mutation. In such a case the memorandum itself does not create or extin-
guish any right in immovable properties and therefore, does not fall within G
the misch1ei of section 17(2) of the Registration Act. It was held that a
memorandum of family arrangement made earlier which was filed in the
court for its information was held not compulsorily registrable and there-
fore it can be used in evidence for collateral purpose, namely, for the proof
of family arrangement which was final and binds the parties. The same view H
    474                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A   was reiterated in Maturi Pullialz & Anr. v. Matwi Narasimhan & Ors., AIR
    (1966) SC 1836, wherein it was held that the family arrangement will need
    registration only if it creates any interest in immovable property in present
    time in favour of the parties mentioned therein. In case where no such
    interest is created the document will be valid, despite it being non-
    registered and will not be hit by section 17 of the Act
B
          15. In Ratan Lal Shanna v. Purshottam Harit, [1974] 3 SCR 109, this
   Court held that the award had expressly made an exclusive allotment of
   partnership assets, including the factory and liabilities to the appellant, and
   made him absolutely entitled to the same, thereby purporting to create
C rights in immovable property worth· above Rs. 100 in favour of the appel-
   lant. It was, therefore, held that it required registration under section 17
   of the Act. It was also pointed that it is equally settled law that the share
   of a partner in the assets of the partnership which has immovable property
   is a movable property and that the assignment of the share does not require
D registration under section 17. Take the familiar cases of a decree in suit
   for specific performance of a contr;\ct. Though a contract of sale is not
   compulsorily registrable as it does not create title or right in immovable
  ·property; but on a decree for specific performance made by the court, the
   document executed in furtherance thereof requires registration though it
   has the imprint of the decree of the court.
E
           16. We have to view the reach of clause (vi), which is an exception
    to sub-section (1), bearing all the aforesaid in mind. We would think that
    the exception engrafted is meant to cover that decree or order of a court,
    including a decree or order expressed to be made on a compromise, which.
p   declares the pre- existing right and does not by itself create new right, title
    or interest in praesenti in immovable property of the value of Rs. 100 or
    upwards. Any other view would find the mischief of avoidance of registra-
    tion, which requires payment of stamp duty, embedded in the decree or
    order.

G          17. It would, therefore, be the duty of the court to examine in each
    case whether the parties have pre-existing right to the immovable property,
    or whether under the order or decree of the court one party having right,
    title or interest therein agreed or suffered to extinguish the same and
    created right, title or interest in praesenti in immovable property of the
H   value of Rs. 100 or upwards in favour of other party for the first time,
         BHOOP SINGH v. RAM SINGH MAJOR [HANSARIA, J.]                      475

either by compromise or pretended consent. If latter be the position, the          A
document is compulsorily registrable.

      18. The legal position qua clause (vi) can, on the basis of the
aforesaid discussion, be summarised as below :

       (i) Compromise decree if bona fide, in the sense that the compromise        B
is not a device to obviate payment of stamp duty and frustrate the law
relating to registration, would not require registration. In a converse
situation, it would require registration.

       (2) If the compromise decree were to create for the first time right,
title or interest in immovable property of the value of Rs. 100 or upwards         c
in favour of any party to the suit, the decree or order would require
registration.

      (3) If the decree were not to attract any of the clauses of sub-section
(1) of section 17, as was the position in the aforesaid Privy Council and          D
this Court's cases, it is apparent that the decree would not require registra-
tion.

     (4) If the decree were not to embody the terms of compromise, as
was the position in Lahore case, benefit from the terms of compromise
cannot be derived, even if a suit were to be disposed of because of the            E
compromise in question.

      (5) If the property dealt with by the decree be not the "subject matter
of the suit or proceeding", clause (vi) of sub-section (2) would not operate,
because of the amendment of this c:lause by Act, 21 of 1929, which has its
origin in the aforesaid decision of the Privy Council, according to which          F
the original clause would have been attracted, even if it were to encompass
property not litigated.

        19. Now, let us see whether on the strength of the decree passed in
suit l'~o. 215 of 1973, the petitioner could sustain his case as put up in his     G
written statement in the present suit, despite the decree not having been
registe1eo. According to us, it cannot for two reasons : (1) The decree
having purported to create right or title in the plaintiff for the first time
that is not being a declaration of pre-existing right, did require registration.
It may also be pointed out that the first suit cannot really be said to have
been decreed on the basis of compromise, as the suit was decreed "in view          H
    476                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A of the written statement filed by the defendant admitting the claim of the
    plaintiff to be correct". Decreeing of suit in such a situation is covered by
    Order 12 Rule 6, and not by Order 23 Rule 3, which deals with compromise
    of suit, whereas the former is on the subject of judgment on admissions.
    (2) A perusal of the impugned judgment shows that the first appellate court
    held the decree in question as "collusive" as it was with a view to defeat
B   the right of others who had bona fide claim over the .property of Ganpat.
    Learned Judge of the High Court also took the same view.

          20. The result is that the impugned judgment does not suffer from
    any legal infirmity and the petition is, therefore, dismissed.

    U.R.                                                     Petition dismissed.