BRISA MUNDAversusCHANDO KUMARI @ MOST DUMARI AND ORS.

A                       BRISA MUNDA
                              v.
             CHANDO KUMAR! @ MOST DUMAR! AND ORS.

                              NOVEMBER 16, 1995

B                   [G.N. RAY AND G.T. NANAVATI, JJ.]

          Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908:

          Section 46(4)(a}-Tribal-Application for possession of land sur-
C   rendered by f ather-Revisional authority-Finding that application was filed
    within 12 years of dispossessiort-Held co1Tect-Held expression 'transfer'
    should be construed liberally-Su1Tender made by a Tribal held transfer within
    the meaning of the Act.

          Section 46(4)A(c}-Proviso-Tribal-Recovery of possession of sur-
D   rendered land-Case of substantial construction by persons in occupa-
    tion--Directions for ascertainment of nature of construction.

          Section 71-A-Applicability of

          Words & Phrases: 'Transfer'-Meaning of-Chhota Nagpur Tenancy
E   Act, 1908.

           An application filed by the appellant, a Tribal, under section
    46(4) (a) of the Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 for getting back posses-
    sion of the disputed land surrendered by his father and settled in favour
    of the respondents was rejected by Deputy Commissioner, Land Reforms.
F   On appeal the Additional Collector, Land Reforms remanded the Matter
    to Deputy Commissioner, Land Reforms. In revision, the Commissioner
    relied on an entry made in the Bhujarat record of rights of 1960 wherein
    the appellant's possession was recorded and held that as the appellant was
    in possession within a period of twelve years from the date of filing his
G   application the matter should not have been remanded to Deputy Com-
    missioner, Land Reforms. A single Judge of the High Court allowed the
    petition preferred by respondents. The appellant's appeal was dismissed
    by a Division Bench of the High Court.

         In appeal to this Court it was contended that the appellant's applica-
H   tion under section 46 should be allowed because: (i) the Revisional
                                          430
                      BRISA MUNDA v. CHANDO KUMARI                        431
7

    authority had correctly given his finding that the application was filed A
    within 12 years from the date of dispossession; and (ii) the expression
    'transfer' should be construed liberally and consequently the surrender
    made by a Tribal should also be held to be a transfer within the meaning .
    of the Act.

         Allowing the appeal and setting aside the impugned judgment, this       B
    Court

          HELD : 1. The finding of the Commissioner that the appellant had
    made his application under section 46 of the Chhota Nagpur Tenancy Act,
    1908 within 12 years from the date of dispossession is correct and need
    not be disturbed. The Commissioner in disposing of the revisional applica-
                                                                                 c
    tion had placed reliance on Bhujarat Record of Rights made in 1960 where
    in the name of the applicant was recorded as in possession of the land in
    question. The presumption arising from the said record of right, therefore,
    clearly stood in favour of the appellant. The appellant's application is
    allowed. [434-C-E; G]                                                       D
          2. The expression 'transfer' appearing in Chhota Nagpur Tenancy
    Act, 1908 must be liberally construed and the surrender made by a tribal
    should be construed as a transfer under the said Tenancy Act. [434-F]

            Pandey Oraon v. Ram Chander Sahu & Ors., [1992] 2 Supp. SCC 77;      E
    relied on.

          3. The respondents have come out with a case that substantial struc-
    ture had been constructed by them on the disputed land. The nature and
    value of the said structure has to be decided. Accordingly the Deputy
                                                                                 F
    Commissioner is directed to decide the claim of the respondents for relief
    under proviso to sub-section 4A(c) of section 46 within a period of six
    months from the date of the communication of this order. [434-H; 435-A-B]

            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 10690 of
    1995.                                                                        G
          From the Judgment and Order dated 9.7.91 of the Patna High Court
    in L.P .A. 76 of 1991.

          Raju Ramachandran aiid Mrs. Sadhana Ramachandran, for the Ap-
    pellant.                                                                     H
    432                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A         .M.P. Jha and B.B. Singh for the Respondents.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :

          ·Leave granted.

B         Heard learned counsel for the parties. In this appeal the appellant
    who is admittedly a tribal residing in Chhotanagpur Division made an
    application under section 46 (4)(a) under Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act for
    getting back possession of the disputed land which according to the appel-
    lant was surrendered by the father of the appellant and on such surrender
    the said land was settled to the respondent Chando Kumari @ Most
c   Dumari and Ors. Such application was made on 12th January. 1976 before
    the Deputy Commissioner, Land Reforms. The application was rejected by
    the Deputy Commissioner. The appellant thereafter preferred an appeal
    before the Additional Collector and the case was remanded back to the
    Deputy Commissioner, Land Reforms but the matter was again dismissed
D   by the said Deputy Commissioner by Order dated 29th January, 1994. The
    appellant again preferred an appeal before the Additional Collector Land
    Reforms. But Additional Collector again passed an order of remand before
    the Deputy Commissioner. Such order of remand was challenged by the
    appellant in revision. By an order dated 8th October, 1986, the Commis-
    sioner allowed the revision application. The Commissioner inter alia Came
E
    to the finding that the appellant was in possession within a period of 12
    years from the date of making the said application under section 46(4)(a)
    and as such there was no occasion to remand the matter for decision by
    the Deputy Collector.

F       It appears that in coming to said finding about the possession of the
  appellant within 12 years from the date of making the application under
  section 46 reliance was made to the entry in the Bhujarat Record of Rights
  of 1960. where the possession of the appellant was noted. The Commis-
  sioner also took into consideration the fact that the opposite parties had
G produced rent receipts only from 1961 onwards.

          Against the said decision of the Commissioner in favour of the
    appellant, the opposite parties preferred a W.P. before the Ranchi Bench
    of Patna High Court and by an order dated 23rd April. 1991, the single
    Judge of the Patna High Court allowed the said W.P. relying on a full
H   Bench decision of the Patna High Court in the case of Ram Cltomira Sahu
                  BRISA MUNDA v. CHANDO KUMAR!                            433

v. State of Bihar. It was held in the said decision that forcible possession      A
did not amount to transfer. ·

      The appellant thereafter preferred an appeal before the Division
Bench of High Court but such appeal was also dismissed. Thereafter, a
special leave petition was filed before this Court out of which this appeal
anses.
                                                                                  B

      It may be stated here that the decision of the Full Bench of Patna
High Court in Ram Chander Sahu and Ors. v. State of Bihar has been set
aside by this Court on an appeal filed by one of the respondents in the said
case namely, Pandey Oraon and the decision of this Court is reported in C
l1992] 2 Suppl. SCC 77 Pandey Oraon v. Ram Chander Sahu and Ors.. It
has been held by this Court that the expression 'transfer' appearing in
section 71(a) of the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act must be interpreted
liberally in the context of the beneficial legislation for protection of a
member of the Scheduled Tribe and it has been held that the 'transfer' as
understood in Transfer of Property Act should not be applied· for the D
purpose of deciding the case of transfer under the Chhotanagpur Tenancy
Act. It has been held that surrender by a tenant will also amount to transfer
for getting relief under the said Act.

      Mr. Raju Ramchandran, learned counsel appearing for the appellant           E
has contended that in the instant case the finding of the revision al authority
namely the Commissioner that the ·application under section 46(4)(a) was
made within 12 years from the date of dispossession has been made very
objectively by placing reliance on the Bhujarat Record of Rights of 1960
and such finding should be accepted by this Court to be correct. He has
submitted that although the decision of this Court in Pandey Oraon's case         F
was made relating to a case under section 71-A of Chhotanagpur Tenancy
Act but this Court has clearly indicated in the said decision that transfer
for the purpose of this Act should be liberally construed and a similar case
of surrender has been held to be a transfer within the meaning of the said
Act. He has therefore, submitted that the impugned judgment must be set           G
aside and the application made by the appellant under section 46 of the
Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act should be allowed.

      Mr. Jha, learned counsel appearing for the respondent has however
disputed the said contention of Mr. Ramchandran and it has been con-
tended by Mr. Jha that section 71-A was inserted by amendment of                  H
    434                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A   Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act and said section has been made applicable
    only in respect of area specified in the Schedule. The disputed land is
    situated outside the area under the said Schedule. Hence, section 71-A of
    the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act has no manner of application in respect
    of land in question. He has also submitted that although the Commissioner
    had c:ome to a finding that the applicant had made an application within
B   12 years from the date of dispossession but such finding has not been
    accepted by the High Court. The High Court has come to the finding that
    the respondents had been in possession of the property for a long time and
    as such the application for annuling by transfer was barred by limitation.

c         After taking into consideration the facts and circumstances of the
    case and the contentions made by the learned counsel for the parties, it
    appears to us that the Commissioner in disposing of the revisional applica-
    tion had placed reliance on Bhujarat Record of Rights made in 1960 where
    the name of the applicant was recorded as in possession of the land in
    question. The presumption arising from the said record of right, therefore,
D   clearly stood in favour of the appellant. We are of the view that the finding
    of the Commissioner that the appellant had made the said application
    under section 46 within 12 years from the date of dispossession need not
    be disturbed and we accept such finding to be correct. In this case an
    application under section 46(4) (a) has been made. It is therefore not at
E   all necessary whether section 71 A incorporated by amendment is ap-
    plicable in· respect of the land in question.

          It appears to us that Mr. Ramchandran is justified in his contention
    that the decision rendered in Pandey Oraon's case by this Court clearly
F   indicates that the expression transfer appearing in Chhota Nagpur Tenancy
    Act must be liberally construed and the surrender made by a tribal should
    be construed as a transfer under the said Tenancy Act, Accordingly, the
    said application under section 46(4)(a) under the Chhotanagpur Tenancy
    Act of the appellant was within time and in the facts of the case, the
    application should be allowed. We order accordingly by setting aside the
G   impugned judgment.

          It however appears that the respondents have come out with a case
    that substantial structure had been constructecl by them on the said land.
    What is the nature of the said structure and what should be the value of
H    such structure requires to be decided in accordance with the proviso to
                 BRISA MUNDA v. CHANDO KUMARI                       435

sub-section 4 A(c) of section 46 of Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act by the        A
Deputy Commissioner Land Reforms. We, therefore, direct the Deputy
Commissioner to decide the claim of the respondents for relief under the
proviso to sub-section 4A(c) of section 46 of Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act.
Since the matter is pending for a long time, the Deputy Commissioner is
directed to dispose of such claim within a period of six months from the   B
date of the Communication of this order. The appeal is accordingly dis-
posed of without any order as to cost.

T.N.A.                                                  Appeal allowed.