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Supreme Court of India

CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED COMPUTING, PUNEversusCOMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNE

Citation
2002 INSC 102
Decided
27 February 2002
Disposal
Appeal(s) allowed

Holding

The extended limitation period under Section 11‑A cannot be invoked where the assessee, though a research organization, manufactured goods not produced during experiments and there is no evidence of wilful evasion.

Summary

The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C‑DAC), a research and development unit, imported certain goods without paying customs duty based on its status as a research organization. It later manufactured and supplied equipment to customers, and the Central Excise Department sought to levy excise duty on those goods, invoking the five‑year extended limitation period under Section 11‑A of the Central Excises Act. The principal issue was whether the supplied equipment fell within the expression “goods produced during the carrying out of experiments or research” and whether the extended limitation could be applied. The Court held that the equipment, although produced by a research organization, was not a product of research but a manufactured item made to order, and therefore Section 11‑A did not apply to bar the levy. However, because the assessee had a bona‑fide belief, based on its recognized R&D status and customs duty exemption, that the goods were exempt from excise, there was no evidence of wilful suppression, and consequently the Department could not rely on the extended limitation period. The Court allowed the appeal, setting aside the demand for excise duty under the extended limitation.

Issues considered

  • Whether goods manufactured by a research organization are covered by the expression “goods produced during the carrying out of experiments or research” in the first proviso of Section 11‑A, Central Excises Act, 1944.
  • Whether the Central Excise Department can invoke the five‑year extended limitation period under Section 11‑A to recover duty where the assessee claims a bona‑fide belief of exemption.

Subjects

Excise dutySection 11-AExtended limitation periodResearch organizationCustoms duty exemptionBona fide beliefWilful suppressionLevy of duty

Judgment

             CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED                              A
                       COMPUTING, PUNE
                              v.
             COMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNE

                          FEBRUARY 27, 2002
                                                         •I                  B
                 [B.N. KIRPAL, SHJVARAJ V. PATIL AND
                    BISHESHWAR PRASAD SINGH, JJ.]


      Central Excises Act, 1944
                                                                             c
      S.11-A, first proviso-levy of duty within extended period-Research
organization-Import of goods-Getting exemption from payment of customs
duty-Goods emerged during research and experiments-Bona fide believed
by assessee as exempt from duty-Revenue imposing duty under the provisions
of s.11-A-Held, it can not be said that goods supplied by assessee come D
within the expression "that the goods are produced during the ·carrying out
of experiments or research"-However, since the assessee was treated as a
research and development unit and was entitled to import goods without
payment of customs duty, it cannot, be-ruled out that assessee might have
believed that the goods manufactured and supplied by it were not liable to
excise duty-There was no tangible basis for Revenue tq conclude that there E
was wilful suppression for evasion of duty by assessee-Thus, though duty
was leviable on the said goods, Revenue could not invoke the extended period
of limitation of five years u/s 11-A.

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2749 of p
2001.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 18.12.2000 of the Customs Excise
and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi in A. No. E/1790/96-B in
F.O. No. 1965 of 2000-B.
                                                                             G
     V. Lakshmikumaran, M.P. Devanath and V. Balachandran for the
Appellant.

        N.K. Bajpai, Jaideep Gupta, Ms. Nisha Bagchi and B. Krishna Prasad
. for the Respondent.
                                    103                                      H,
    104                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2002] 2 S.C.R.

A         The following Order of the Court was delivered :

          In the instant case, duty is sought to be levied by the respondent by
    taking recourse to the extended period of limitation under Section 11 A of the
    Central Excises Act.

B         The plea of the appellant is that it was established as a research
    organisation and had even been importing goods from abroad and getting
    exemption from payment of customs duty on the basis that it was a research
    organisation. In reply to the show cause notice in paragraph 2.3 it has been
    specifically stated that the appellant was under a bona fide belief that the
C   goods emerged during the research and experiments were fully exempt from
    payment of duty and therefore, no further compliance with the provisions of
    Excise Law was called for. Mr. Lakshmikumaran submits that in view of this
    explanation, the provisions of Section 11 A proviso were not applicable and
    he further submits that in actual fact the products supplied by the appellant
    emerged out of their research activity and no excise duty was payable.
D
          We are unable to agree with the learned counsel that what was supplied
    by the appellant would come within the meaning of the expression "that the
    goods are produced during the carrying out of experiments or research". It
    is quite obvious that the appellant had a technical expertise to manufacture
E   sophisticated equipment on the orders placed on it even though the appellant
    is a Research & Development Organisation. As a result of its research it had
    acquired sufficient acumen to be able to manufacture the equipment tailor-
    made for the use of the purchaser. The equipment so manufactured in supply
    cannot be regarded as being a product of research.

F         We, however, agree with the learned counsel for the appellant that on
    the facts of the present case, the extended period of limitation would not
    apply. Our attention has been drawn to the fact that the main object as per
    the Memorandum of ~s.~ociat\on ~hereby the appellant was established, was
    to carry out research etc. Furthermore, by letter dated 12th July, 1988, the
G   Department of Electronics had recognised the appellant as a research and
    development unit. A similar recommendation was also made on 7th May,
    1991 by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Such.
    recommendation entitled it to make imports from abroad without payment of
    customs duty. Under the circumstance, there is no reason to conclude that the
    appellant would not have believed that the goods manufactured by it and
H   supplied were not liable for payment of excise duty. There does not appear
      CENTRAL FOR DEVEL OF ADVANCED COMP. v. COMMR. OF CENTRAL EXCISE       J05

    to be any tangible basis for the Department to come to the conclusion that      A
    there was wilful suppression for evasion of duty by the appellant. This being
    so, while duty was leviable on the goods manufactured by the appellant the
    Department, however, could not invoke the extended period of limitation of
    five year under Section I IA of the Act.

           For. the aforesaid reasons, this appeal is allowed                       B
    R.P.                                                        Appeal allowed ..




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