CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION AND ANR.versusSURINDER KUMAR AND ORS.

           CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION AND ANR.                              A
                           v.
                SURINDER KUMAR AND ORS.

                         NOVEMBER 27, 2003

            [BRIJESH KUMAR AND ARUN KUMAR, JJ.J                            B

     Service Law :

     Service Law of Union Territory Employees Rules, 1966 :

     Reservation-SCISTIOBC-Migrants from other States/UTs-Grant
                                                                           c
of benefits/concessions to the migrated persons-Candidates were in
possession of caste certificates issued by their respective States-But were
denied benefits of reservation by the UT to which they had migrated-
Validity of-Held: recognised SCIST/OBC candidates of any other States/
UTs entitled to benefits and facilities provided in the UT to which they had D
migrated-In view of Govt. of India Circular No. BC. 12017186-SC &
BCD. !(Ch. Admn.) dt. 26-8-1986.

     The employees of the appellant-Union Territory were governed
by the rules/instructions as applicable to the Central Government E
employees in view of service of Union Territory Employees Rules,
1966. ~he appellant issued an advertisement inviting applications for
fourteen posts of Assistant Sub-Inspecrors. Two posts were meant for
SC and four posts for OBC candidates. Respondents I to 5 were
applicants for the said posts in pursuance of the advertisement. F
Resp<mdents I and 2 were SC candidates while respondents 3 to 5 were
OBC candidates. These respondents had caste certificates issued by
their respective States. Based on the caste certificate held by them the
respondents sought the benefit of reservation but the same was denied
to them.
                                                                           G
      Being aggrieved the respondents approached the Central Admin-
istrative Tribunal which directed the appellant to give appointments
to these _respondents if they were found to be otherwise eligible. The
High Court upheld the order of the Tribunal relying on the Govt. of
India Circular No. BC 12017/86-SC & BCD.I (Ch. Admn.) dated H
                                   283
    284                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A 26-8-1986 to the effect that SC/ST candidates of any other State were
    entitled to the benefit of reservation in the appellant-UT to which they
    had migrated. Hence the appeal.

          Dismissing the appeal, the Court

B        HELD : 1.1. The Government of India instructions contained in
    the Circular No. BC. 12017/9/86-SC & BCD.ICCh. Admn.) dated 26-
    8-1986 specifically permit that a recognized Scheduled Caste/Scheduled
    Tribe of any other State or Union Territory would be entitled to the
    benefits and facilities provided for SC/ST in the services in the
C   appellant-Union Territory. Therefore, there is no reason to ignore the
    instructions contained in the said letter. (290-F, G]

         1.2. The appelhant cannot overlook the instructions contained in
    the Government of India Circular dated 26-8-1986 especially when
    those instructions were being adm,ittedly all along followed by the
D   appellant. (291-G]                                               ·

         Marri Chandra Shekhar Rao v. Dean, Seth G.S Medical College,
    (1990) 3 SCC 130; Action Committee on Issue of Caste Certificate to
    Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State of Maharashtra v.
E   Union of India, [1994] 5 SCC 244 and State of Maharashtra v. Kumari
    Tanuja, (1999] 2 SCC 462, held not attracted;.

         CIVIL APELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 4684 of
    2001.

F       From the Judgment and Order dated 4.9.2000 of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court in C. W.P. No. 8319-CAT of 2000.

          Ms. Kamini Jaiswal and Ms. s, Bakshi for the Appellant.

        Nidesh Gupta, Ms. Renu George and Dinesh Kumar Garg for the
G   Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

         ARUN KUMAR, J. With the. promulgation of the Punjab Re,.
    organisation Act I 966 in place of erstwhile State of Punjab, three States ·
H   viz. Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh were carved out while
      CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION v. S. KUMAR [ARUN KUMAR, J.]          285

Chandigarh became a Union Territory. Under Article 239 of the Consti- A
tution of India the Union Territories are administered by the President of
India acting through an Administrator to be appointed by him. But this
does not mean that the Union Territories become merged with the Central
Government. They are centrally administered but they retain their inde-
pendent entity. On formation of the Union Territory of Chandigarh, its B
employees were governed by the rules/instructions as applicable to the
Central Government employees in view of Service of Union Territory
Employees Rules, 1966. In the present case these facts have become
relevant for the reason that the Chandigarh Administ~ation issued an
advertisement inviting applications for fourteen posts of Assistant Sub- C
Inspectors in the Chandigarh Police. Two posts were meant for Scheduled
Castes (for short "SC") and four posts for Other Backward Classes (for
short "OBC") candidates. Respondents l to 5 were applicants for the said
posts in pursuance of the advertisement. Respondents 1 and 2 were SC
candidates while respondents 3 to 5 were OBC candidates. These respond-
ents had caste certificates issued by their respective States i.e. Punjab, D
 Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. On the basis of the caste certificates held
 by them the respondents sought the benefit of reservation but the same was
denied to them. This led them to approach the Central Administrative
 Tribunal at Chandigarh. The Tribunal vide its order dated 23.2.2000
allowed the OA filed by the respondents and directed the Chandigarh E
Administration to give appointments to the applicants if they were found
to be otherwise eligible. Chandigarh Administration i.e. appellants herein
challenged the said order of the Tribunal by way of a Writ Petition filed
 in the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The High Court dismissed the Writ
 Petition uphoiding the view taken by the Tribunal. The present appeal is F
directed against the said judgment and order of the High Court.

        It is not in dispute that the Government of India instructions are
applicable and are being followed by the Chandigarh Administration being
a Union Territory as aforesaid. In fact, the appellants have in a rejoinder
affidavit filed in this court specifically admitted that "for the purposes of G
recruitment instructions issued by the Government of India are being
followed being not the 'Condition of Service"'. Further it has been stated
in this rejoinder affidavit "in case of Recruitment Rules, the Chandigarh
Administration is following the Rules/Instructions issued by the Central
Government". The Government of India vide its Circular No.DC/16014/ H
    286                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003) SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   1182-SC-BCD. l dated 22.2.1985 issued instructions to the Chief Secretar-
    ies of all the States and Union Territories to the effect that SC/ST persons
    who have migrated from the States 0f origin (o other States for the purpose
    of seeking education/employment etc. will be deemed to be Scheduled
    Castes/Scheduled Tribes of the-State of their origin and will not be entitled
B   t~ derive benefits from the State o.f their migration on that basis. The
    prescribed authority of a State Government/Union Territory administration
    may issue the SC/STs certificate to a person who has migrated from another
    State on the production of genuine certificate issued to his father by the
    prescribed authority of the State of the father's origin. The certificates were
C   to be issued irrespective of whether Caste/Tribe in question is Scheduled
    or not in relation to the State/Union Territory to which the person has
    migrated. Para 2 of the said circular is reproduced:

             "It is also clarified that a Scheduled Caste/Schedule Tribe person
             who has migrated from the State of origin to some other State for
D            seeking education, employment etc. will be deemed to be Sched-
             uled Caste/Scheduled Tribe of that State and will be entitled to
             derive benefit from the State of origin and not from the State in
             which he has migrated"'.

          In pursuance of the aforesaid circular .of the Government oflndia, the
E Home Secretary, Chandigarh Administration vide his letter dated 28th July,
    1986 sought clarification from the Government of India, Ministry of Home
    Affairs as to whether these instructions are applicable in the Union
    Territory of Chandigarh. The Chandigarh Administration received the
    following reply to the said letter from the Government of India, Ministry
F   of Welfare.

                    No. 8C.l 2017 /9/86-SC&BCD.l(Ch.Admn.)
                       Government of India/Bharat Sarkar
                     Ministry of Welfare/Kalyan Mantralaya

G                                                     New Delhi, dated 26.8.86

             To

                   The Home Secretary,
                   Chandigarh Administration (Home-I),
H                  Chandigarh.
      CHANDIGARH ADMlNISTRATION v. S. KUMAR {ARUN KUMAR, J.]           287

        Sub: Issue of Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe certificate to A
             migrants from other states/U.T.s - Grant of benefits/conces-
             sions to the migrated persons - Clarification of.




        Sir,                                                                 B

              I am directed to refer to your letter No.473 l-IB(7)-86/14080,
         dated 28.7.86 on the above subject and to say that in respect of
         employment under the Central government there is no discrimi-
         nation between Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes of one C
         State. or another. In respect of employment under the Union
         Territories also legally, the position would be the same. Thus, in
                                 a
         the case under reference, recognised Scheduled Caste/Scheduled
         Tribe of any other State/Union Territory would be entitled to the
         benefits and facilities provided for Scheduled Castes and Sched- D
        .uled Tribes in the services under the Union Territory of C~andigarh.
       · All cases may be finalized in light of the position clarified above.
         Past case may not be re-opened as there may be complications in
         deciding those cases; Any how, for further clarification on service
         issues, the matter may be. taken' up with Department of Personnel
         and Training as they are dealing with the subject.                   E
                                                         Yours faithfully,

                                                               Sd/-
                                                         (B.N. Srivastava)   F
                                                             Director

        It will. be seen from. the above quoted letter of the Government of
India that a recognised Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe candidate of any.
other State or. Union Territory was held entitled to benefit of reservation
for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Union Territory of G
Chandigarh..·Further the said circular leaves it to the Chandigarh admin-
istraticm to _seek further clarific.ation, if any, on. this issue from the
Department of Personnel& Training, Government ?flndia. It is the stand
of the appellant that it made several efforts to seek farther clarification
.from. the Department of Personnel & Training, Governmerit of India as H
    288                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS[2003]·SUPP:6·S.C.R.
A suggested in letter dated 26th July, 1986. 'However, they had not received
    any response in this· regard.

          The Central Administrative Tribunal as well as the High Court
  relying on the clarification issued by the Government oflndia vide its letter
B dated 26th July, 1986 rejected the stand of the appellant while granting
  relief to ·the respondents.

          According to the learned counsel for the appellants the letter dated
    22nd February, 1985 of the Government of India holds the field and is
    binding on ·the Chandigarh Administration and, therefore, the respondents
 C not being SC/OBC candidates of the Union Territory of Chandigarh are
    not entitled to the ·benefit of reservation. The learned counsel has also
    placed reliance on certain decisions of this Court in support of her stand
    that the benefit of belonging to 'SC/ST/OBC is available only in the State
    of origin and not in the State to which the person concerned migrates. In
.D other words the benefit of being a SC/ST/OBC can' be enjoyed by a person
    only in the 'State ·to which he belongs. He .cannot derive this benefit in
   ·the State to which he or she migrates.

          Marri Chandra Shekhar Rao v. Dean, SethG.S. Medical College and
E Others, '[1990] 3'SCC 130 is a Constitution:Benchjudgment'ofthis Court
   on which reliance has been placed by the learned counsel for the appellant.
   The petitioner was born in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The petitioner
   was residing with his father in Bombay. His father held a ST certificate
   from the State of Andhra Pradesh. After passing the 12th standard
   examination of the Maharashtra State Board the petitioner ·submitted
F application for admission to the respondent Medical College seeking the
   benefit of reservation in favour of STs. 'He was .denied admission to the
   MBBS .course though ST .candidates who had ~secured. lesser marks than
   him ·had ;been admitted. This denial of ~admission was based 'On the
   Government of India .circular .dated .22nd February, rl985, referred to
G ·hereinbefore according to-which.a person.who migrates.from·one.State to
   another is ,entitled 1 to benefit of being. ·SC/ST ccaste1certificate in the State
  .of origin and riot in the State to which he:or,she migrates. The·petitioner
  •was held.not entitled to be admitted to the Medical.College on the basis
   that ·he ·belongs .to Scheduled Tribe ·in his•original State. The .following
'H ·observation "'.as:made:
      CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION v. S. KUMAR [ARUN KUMAR, J.]           289

        '\Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes belonging to a particular A
        area of the country must be given protection so long as and to the
        extent they are entitled in order to become equal with others. But
        equally those who go to other areas should also ensure that they
        make way for the disadvantaged and disabled of that part of the
        community who suffer from disabilities in those areas. Scheduled B
        Castes and Scheduled Tribes say of Andhra Pradesh do require
        necessary protection as balanced between other communities. But
        equally the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes say of
        Maharashtra in the instant case, do require protection in the State
        of Maharashtra, which will have to be in balance to other C
         communities. This must be the basic approach to the problem."

    It will be seen that the judgment proceeds on the basis of the
Government of India instructions contained in letter dated 22.2.1985.

      According to the learned counsel for the appellant the respondents D
hold reserved category certificate from other States and not from the Union,.
Territory of Chandigarh where they are seeking employment. Therefore,
in view of the aforesaid judgment they are entitled to benefit in the State
of their origin and not in the Union Territory of Chandigarh where they
are seeking employment.                                                       E
      In Action Committee on Issue ofCaste Certificate to Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes in the State of Maharashtra and Others v. Unii;n of
India and Another, [ 1994] 5 SCC 244 it was brought to the notice of this
Court that the Government of India.had been taking a stand that if SC/ST F
persons who migrate from the State of origin to another State in search of
employment or for educational purposes or the like, cannot be treated as
persons belonging to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe of the State to
which they migrate and hence they cannot claim benefit as such in the latter
State. This stand of the Government was challenged as being unconsti-
tutional. This Court noticed that the castes or tribes have to be specified G
in relation to a given State or Union Territory that means "a given caste
or tribe can be a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe in relation to the State
or Union Territory for which it is specified. Consideration for specifying
a particular caste or tribe or class for inclusion in the list of Scheduled
Castes/Scheduled Tribes or backward in a given State would depend upon H
     290                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A the nature and extent of disadvantages and social hardships suffered by that
     castP,, tribe or class in that State which may be totally non est in another
     State to which persons belonging thereto may migrate"~ Coincidentally it
     may be that a <:aste or tribe bearing the same nomenclature is specified in
     two States but the considerations· on the basis of which they have been
'B   specified may be totally different. So also the degree of disadvantages of
     various elements which constitute the input for specification may also be
     totally different. Therefore, merely because a given caste is specified in
     State A as a Scheduled Caste does not necessarily mean that if there be
     another caste bearing the same nomenclature in another State the person
C    belonging to the former would be entitled to the rights, privileges and
     benefits admissible to a member of the Scheduled Caste of the latter State
     'for the purpose of this Constitution'. The case of Marri Chandra Shekhar
     Rao (supra) was followed.

           In the above cases the issue has been examined from the point of view
D of constitutionality of the policy of the Government on the question of
     extending benefit on the basis of SC/ST/03C reservation. The circum-
     stances and the conditions which attract the benefit of being member of
     SC/ST/OBC vary from State to State. That is why it was observed in State
     of Maharashtra and Others v. Kumari Tanuja, [1999] 2 SCC 462 that the
E    State has every right to recognise a particular community in a particular
     manner but the same should be done for good reasons and after application
     of mind to all relevant facts. Thus the ultimate decision with respect to
     extending the benefit of reservation has been left to the State.

F          In the present case we have noticed that the Government of India
     instructions contained in circular dated 26.8.1986 specifically permit that
     a recognised Scheduled Caste/Schedule Tribe of any other State or Union
     Territory would be entitled to the benefits and facilities provided for
     SC/ST in the services in the Union Territory of Chandigarh. This letter
     is specifically addressed by the Government of India to the Home
G    Secretary, Chandigarh Administration and deals with employment in the
     Union Territory of Chandigarh.: Therefore, there is no reason to ignore the
     instructions contained in the said letter. It is to be noticed in this behalf
     that in the rejoinder affidavit filed by the appellant before this Court it is
     specifier.Hy pleaded in para 12 that "at the relevant time, the reservation
H    benefit was being extended to all the candidates belonging to respective
          CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION v. S. KUMAR (ARUN KUMAR, J.]             291

    communities on the production of valid certificates of castes issued by the A
    State of origin, but on receipt of clarification on 7.9.1999 the reservation
    benefits are only to be allowed to.... who are bonafide residents of
    Chandigarh and in whose favour valid ce1tificates have been issued by the
    competent authority of Chandigarh Administration. After 7 .9 .1999 no
    appointment against reserved posts have been made to the candidates who ·B
    are not residents of Chandigarh and art" not having valid certificates of caste
    issue by the DM/SDM Chandigarh".

           Thus as per their own admission the appellant was following the .
    instructions contained in the Government of India Jetter dated 26.8.1986
    till 7.9.1999. Now we have to see the· significance of the date 7.9.1999. C
    It appears that the appellant is taking the date 7.9.1999 on the basis of a
    letter written by Home Secretary, Chandigarh Administration to the .
    Inspector General of Police, Union Territory, Chandigarh which bears the
    said date.'The subject of the Jetter is "clarification". According to this letter
    the Personnel Department of Chandigarh Administration had given a D
    clarification based on the Government of India letter dated 22.2.1985 (to
    which reference has already been made). The said letter of the Government
    of India had confined the benefit of reservation to persons in their State
    of origin and not in the State to which they migrate. This letter does not
    make any reference to the subsequent circular dated 26.8.1986 of the E
    Government of India. The Chandigarh Administration wa.s admittedly
    following the instructions contained in the Government of India circular
    dated 26.8.1986. A volte face appears to have been taken and the
    administration has fallen back on the earlier instructions of Government
    of India contained in letter dated 22.2.1985. Significance of the date
    7.9.1999 appears to be based on this clarification issued by the Home F
    Secretary, Chandigarh Administration to the Inspector General of Police,
    Union Territory of Chandigarh.



-
           Looking at the issue from another angle it is to be noted that the
    Home Secretary, Chandigarh Administration cannot overlook the instruc- (}
    tions contained in the Government of India circular dated 26.8.1986
    specially when those instructions were being admittedly all along followed
    by the Chandigarh Administration. The stand of the appellant regarding
    discontinuing the benefit of reservation to persons belonging to reserved
    categories in other States in the Chandigarh Administration w.e.f. 7 .9.1999 H
    292                 SUPREME:COURT REPORTS (2003)SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A thus appears to be wholly untenable.
           It is ·not in dispute that the Government of India is .entitled to issue
     instructions.qua service in-the Union Territories. Under Article 239 of the
     Constitution of India the administration ofthe.Union Territories is.leftwith
    ·the .President .oflndia. Appellant does not even suggest that the Govern-
lB
     ment of India instructions are not binding on it. As a matter of fact the
     appellant has been following the Government of India instructions issued
     from time to time. The latest instructions on the subject in issue in this
     appeal ,are.contained .in ·the<Government .of India circular dated 26.8.1986.
     Admittedly, thereafter ;inspite -of requests from the ·Chandigarh Adminis-
 C tration the 1Go.vernment of India has not issued any instructions to the
     contrary so far. A :Jetter dated 8.12.2000 from the 1Government of India
     to the ~Home cSecretary, Chandigarh Administration, Chandigarh on the
     subject .is .only .on .the .issue of challenging the decision .of the Central
     Administrative ;fribunal and the Punjab & iHaryana High Court in the
f[D present .case by way of special leave petition to this Court. It is on the
     subject whether•the Chandigarh Administration should file a special ·leave
     petition•in the:case in1hand. It does not contain a policy decision or circular
     or instructions .on the -subject. Therefore, for decision of the issue raised
     in the present appeal the said letter is ofno relevance. The judgments relied
 .E •upon by the .learned .counsel for the appellant to .only decide the consti-
     tutional aspect of the ·Government ;policy .on the ·subject at a given time
     while leaving the policy decision as •to what ·benefits are to be conferred
     on persons belonging-to reserved categories withthe.Governmentoflndia.
     In the present.case the,Government oflndia·hasrconveyed its decision on
     the ·point vide its circular letter dated 26.8.1986 which has not been
  F modified. Therefore, the instructions contained in the said letter which
     were-admittedly being followed till 7.9.l999, in our view,.continue·to be
     in force. There is no reasonable basis to discontinue the said decision with
     effect from 7;9.1999. No reason or basis has been disclosed for discontinu-
    ·ing the same with effect ·from the said date.

           The result of the.above discussion is.that this appeal fails and the same
    .is dismissed with costs. Counsel fee Rs. 5,000.

    v.s.s.                                                      Appeal dismissed.