Supreme Court of India
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITEDversusGOA FOUNDATION & ORS.
- Citation
- 2020 INSC 110
- Decided
- 30 January 2020
- Disposal
- Appeal(s) allowed
Holding
The mining leaseholders may transport royalty‑paid ore mined before 15 March 2018, subject to royalty payment, within six months, and the High Court’s order suspending such transport is set aside.
Summary
The Supreme Court examined whether mining leaseholders in Goa, whose second renewal leases were set aside, could transport iron ore that had been mined before the cut‑off date of 15 March 2018. The Court held that paragraph 154.6 of the Goa Foundation‑II judgment only prohibited mining after that date and did not bar transportation of royalty‑paid ore already extracted. Relying on the legislative policy in Rule 12(1)(gg) of the Minerals (Other than Atomic and Hydro Carbons Energy Minerals) Concession Rules, 2016, which allows lessees six months to remove excavated ore after lease expiry, the Court permitted transport of such ore, subject to royalty payment, within six months. Consequently, the High Court’s order suspending all transportation was set aside and the appeals were allowed, upholding the State of Goa’s decision dated 21 March 2018.
Issues considered
- The scope of paragraph 154.6 of the Goa Foundation‑II judgment: does it prohibit transportation of ore mined before 15 March 2018?
- Whether Rule 12(1)(gg) of the Minerals Concession Rules, 2016 grants lessees the right to remove and transport royalty‑paid ore after lease termination.
- Whether the State of Goa’s order permitting such transportation is legally valid.
- Whether the Bombay High Court’s interpretation of the Supreme Court’s earlier judgment was correct.
Legislation cited
Subjects
mining leaseroyaltytransport of oreinterpretation of judgmentMinerals Concession Ruleslease terminationenvironmental clearanceGoa mining case
Judgment
[2020] 3 S.C.R. 533 533
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED A
v.
GOA FOUNDATION & ORS.
(Civil Appeal No. 839 of 2020 Etc.)
JANUARY 30, 2020 B
[S. A. BOBDE, CJI, B. R. GAVAI AND SURYA KANT, JJ.]
Mines and Minerals:
Supreme Court in Goa Foundation II case setting aside second
renewal of mining leases, gave time to the mining leaseholders (who C
were given second renewal) to manage their affairs till 15.3.2018
and were directed to stop all mining operations w.e.f. 16.3.2018 –
State decided to permit the mining leaseholders to pay royalty on
the minerals already mined till 15.3.2018 and transport the same –
In a writ petition challenging order of the State High Court by interim
D
order suspended transportation of all minerals and by final order
quashed the decision of the State – Appeal to Supreme Court by
mining leaseholders – Held: In view of the decision in Goa
Foundation II case, and two further orders passed by the same
Bench (permitting transportation of royalty paid minerals lying on
jetties on or before 15.3.2018) and in view of legislative policy as E
per Rule 12(1)(gg) of Mineral Concession Rules granting six months
period for removal of the minerals, the mineral on which royalty
was paid should be allowed to be transported – Minerals (Other
than Atomic and Hydro Carbons Energy Minerals) Concession
Rules, 2016 – r. 12(1)(gg).
F
Allowing the appeals, the Court
HELD: 1. The direction given in paragraph 154.6 of *Goa
Foundation II Case is two-fold. Firstly, the mining leaseholders
are given time to manage their affairs and to continue their mining
operations till 15.3.2018. The second is a negative direction. They G
are directed to stop all mining operations with effect from
16.3.2018 until fresh mining leases (not fresh renewals or other
renewals) are granted and fresh environmental clearances are
granted. [Para 24][543-F-G]
H
533
534 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A 2. Applying the principle of plain and literal interpretation,
the direction would stop all mining activities from 16.3.2018.
However, from the date of the order i.e. 7.2.2018 till 15.3.2018,
the lessees were permitted to continue with the mining activities
and manage their affairs. [Para 25][543-H]
B 3. A perusal of clause (gg) of Rule 12(1) of Minerals (Other
than Atomic and Hydro Carbons Energy Minerals) Concession
Rules, 2016 would reveal, that on the expiry or sooner
termination of the lease term, six months period is granted to
the lessees to remove for its own benefit, all or any ore mineral
excavated during the currency of the lease, engines, machinery,
C plant, buildings, structures, tramways, railways and other works,
erections and conveniences which may have been erected, set
up or placed by the lessee in or upon the leased lands. An
exception is carved out in case of lease being terminated for
default of the lessee wherein, period so to be granted is not less
D than three months and not more than six calendar months after
such termination. However, it is subject to the lessee paying the
rents, rates and royalties payable under the Act and the Rules
made thereunder. [Para 31][546-E-G]
4. If this Court in *Goa Foundation-II case intended to
E prohibit the mining as well as transportation of the minerals/iron
ore with effect from 16.3.2018 nothing precluded it from doing
so. However, the words used were that the lessees are permitted
to manage their affairs and are permitted to continue mining till
15.3.2018. The only prohibition contained in the said order after
15.3.2018 is for carrying out mining operations. Not only this but
F the same Bench which has decided the *Goa Foundation-II case
itself on two occasions has permitted the mineral to be
transported from the jetties. There is no rationale in differentiating
between the iron ore which is either at the jetties or at the
stockyards or pitheads, if the same is mined prior to the date of
G the prohibition i.e. 15.3.2018. There is no doubt that the ownership
of the ore is that of the party that has raised the ore. The ore
which has been permitted to be transported is on condition of
payment of royalty. There is no reason why the owners should
not be allowed to transport their own ore. [Para 32][547-B-D]
H
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED v. GOA 535
FOUNDATION & ORS.
5. Taking overall view of the matter i.e. paragraph 154.6 of A
the judgment of this Court in *Goa Foundation-II case; the orders
dated 4.4.2018 and 11.5.2018 passed by the same Bench which
delivered the judgment in *Goa Foundation-II case permitting
the minerals/iron ore to be transported which were royalty paid
and which was lying on the jetties on or before 15.3.2018; and
B
the legislative policy granting six months’ period for removal of
the mineral for the benefit of the lessees, the view taken by the
Division Bench of the High court is not correct. [Para 32][546-
G-H; 547-A]
Goa Foundation v. Union of India & Ors. (2014) 6 SCC
590 : [2014] 5 SCR 302; *Goa Foundation v. Sesa C
Sterlite Limited & Ors. (2018) 4 SCC 218 : [2018] 2
SCR 361 – referred to.
Case Law Reference
[2014] 5 SCR 302 referred to Para 9 D
[2018] 2 SCR 361 referred to Para 10
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 839 of
2020.
From the Judgment and Order dated 04.05.2018 of the High Court
E
of Bombay at Goa in Public Interest Litigation WP No. 3 of 2018.
With
Civil Appeal Nos. 840-842, 843, 844-846, 847, 848 of 2020, S.L.P.
(Civil) No. 22035 of 2019.
Vikramjit Banerjee, Atma Ram N.S. Nadkarni, ASGs, Gourab F
Banerji, Mukul Rohatgi, Dhruv Mehta, S. Wasim A. Qadri, Ajit Kumar
Sinha, Debal Banerji, Sr. Advs., Ninad Laud, Nikhil Vaze, Aditya Pratap
Swain, Jayant Mohan, Ms. Ishita Mishra, Luis Fernandes, Yashraj Singh
Deora, Ms. Sonal Mashankar, Ms. Shivangi Sud, Sumit Goel, Kshatrashal
Raj, Ms. Tanya Chaudhary, Ivy D’Costa (for M/s. Parekh & Co.,), Raj G
Kishor Choudhary, Mr. Ivo D’Costa, Prashant Bhushan, Pranav
Sachdeva, Hemanth Pothula, Pratap Venugopal, Akhil Abraham Roy,
Ayushi Gaur, Ms. Ruchira Gupta, Anurag Sharma, Ayush Anand, Shishir
Deshpande, Mrs. B. Sunita Rao, Raj Bahadur, Mrs. Neelam Chand,
Mrs. Anil Katiyar, Ayush Anand, Siddhartha Sinha, Ms. Ruchira Gupta,
Anjuman Tripathy, Aman Varma, Advs. for the appearing parties. H
536 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A JUDGMENT
The following Judgment of the Court was delivered :
SLP(C) NOS. 12449, 12328-12330, D. NO(S).17815,
25711-25713, 24831, 24830 OF 2018
B 1. Delay condoned.
2. Permission to file Special Leave Petition (Civil) D.No.17815 of
2018 is granted.
3. Leave granted.
4. The factual scenario and the questions of law involved being
C common, all these appeals are being heard and decided together.
5. The present proceedings have a chequered history.
6. Since the Government of India received information about the
rampant exploitation of natural resources in Iron Ore mining sector in
the State of Goa, it appointed Justice M.B. Shah, a former judge of this
D Court, as a Commission of Inquiry under Section 3 of the Commissions
of Inquiry Act, 1952, by a Notification dated 22.11.2010.
7. Justice Shah visited Goa and after calling for and receiving
information from various authorities as well as mining leaseholders,
submitted reports to the Government of India on 15.3.2012 and 25.4.2012.
E The reports were tabled in Parliament on 7.9.2012 along with an Action
Taken Report. Consequently, the Government of Goa passed an order
dated 10.9.2012 restraining/suspending all mining operations in the State
with effect from 11.9.2012. The Ministry of Environment and Forest
(MoEF) of the Government of India also kept in abeyance the
F environmental clearances granted to 139 mines (actually 137 mines –
the figure of 139 on account of some duplication) in the State of Goa by
an order dated 14.9.2012.
8. Subsequent to the reports given by Justice Shah, a writ petition
came to be filed by Goa Foundation in this Court being W.P.(C) No.435
G of 2012. The writ petition, being in the nature of public interest litigation,
prayed, inter alia, for directions to the Union of India and the State of
Goa to take steps to terminate the mining leases where mining was
carried out in violation of various statutes. So also, various writ petitions
came to be filed in the Bombay High Court by several mining leaseholders
challenging the reports of Justice Shah and the consequent orders passed
H by the State of Goa and the Union of India. All those petitions came to
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED v. GOA 537
FOUNDATION & ORS.
be transferred to this Court to be heard along with W.P. (C) No. 435 of A
2012 filed by Goa Foundation.
9. All those petitions came to be decided by this Court by judgment
and order dated 21.4.2014[Goa Foundation vs. Union of India &
Others1](hereinafter referred to as “Goa Foundation-I”) wherein
this Court , amongst other conclusions arrived at, held that all iron ore B
and manganese ore leases had expired on 22.11.2007 and any mining
operation carried out by the mining leaseholders after that date was
illegal. It was also held, that all the mining leaseholders had enjoyed a
first deemed renewal of the mining lease and for a second renewal an
express order was required to be passed in view of and in terms of
Section 8(3) of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) C
Act, 1957. For a second renewal of the mining lease, it was held, that
the State Government must apply its mind and record reasons for renewal
being in the interest of mineral development and the necessity to renew
the mining lease and the same should also be in conformity with the
Constitutional provisions. It was also held, that the decision taken by the D
State of Goa could be examined by way of judicial review. It was also
held, that the order dated 10.9.2012 of the Government of Goa suspending
mining operations and the order dated 14.9.2012 of the MoEF,
Government of India) directing the environmental clearances granted to
the mines in the State of Goa to be kept in abeyance were proper and, as
such, not required to be interfered with and that they would continue till E
decisions are taken to grant fresh leases and fresh environmental
clearances for mining projects.
10. Thereafter, quite independent of the cases pending in this Court,
writ petitions were filed by several mining leaseholders in the Bombay
High Court praying either for consideration of their applications for a F
second renewal of the mining lease or for the grant of a mining lease on
second renewal. The High Court heard those writ petitions and by its
judgment dated 13.8.2014 directed the State of Goa to execute the lease
deeds in favour of the leaseholders who had already paid stamp duty
pursuant to the orders of the government in accordance with the Goa G
Mineral Policy 2013 and to consider the applications of other leaseholders
in accordance with the conditions laid down by this Court in Goa
Foundation-I (supra). This order of the High Court was made a subject
matter of challenge in Goa Foundation v. Sesa Sterlite Limited and
1
(2014) 6 SCC 590 H
538 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A Others2 (hereinafter referred to as “Goa Foundation-II”). The said
challenge came to be decided by this Court vide judgment and order
dated 7.2.2018 (Goa Foundation-II).
11. It will be apposite to refer to the conclusions and directions
given by this Court in Goa Foundation-II (supra)while deciding the
B said challenge.
“Conclusions and directions
154. In view ofour discussion, we arrive at the following
conclusions.
C 154.1. As a result of the decision, declaration and directions of
this Court in Goa Foundation [Goa Foundation v. Union of
India, (2014) 6 SCC 590] , the State of Goa was obliged to grant
fresh mining leases in accordance with law and not second
renewals to the mining leaseholders.
D 154.2. The State of Goa was not under any constitutional obligation
to grant fresh mining leases through the process of competitive
bidding or auction.
154.3. The second renewal of the mining leases granted by the
State of Goa was unduly hasty, without taking all relevant material
into consideration and ignoring available relevant material and
E
therefore not in the interests of mineral development. The decision
was taken only to augment the revenues of the State which is
outside the purview of Section 8(3) of the MMDR Act. The
second renewal of the mining leases granted by the State of Goa
is liable to be set aside and is quashed.
F
154.4. The Ministry of Environment and Forests was obliged to
grant fresh environmental clearances in respect of fresh grant of
mining leases in accordance with law and the decision of this
Court in Goa Foundation [Goa Foundation v. Union of India,
(2014) 6 SCC 590] and not merely lift the abeyance order of 14-
G 9-2012.
154.5. The decision of the Bombay High Court
in Lithoferro v. State of Goa [Lithoferro v. State of Goa, 2014
SCC OnLine Bom 997 : (2015) 3 AIR Bom R 32] (and batch)
giving directions different from those given by this Court in Goa
H 2
(2018) 4 SCC 218
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED v. GOA 539
FOUNDATION & ORS.
Foundation [Goa Foundation v. Union of India, (2014) 6 SCC A
590] is set aside.
154.6. The mining leaseholders who have been granted the
second renewal in violation of the decision and directions
of this Court in Goa Foundation [Goa Foundation v. Union
of India, (2014) 6 SCC 590] are given time to manage their B
affairs and may continue their mining operations till 15-3-
2018. However, they are directed to stop all mining
operations with effect from 16-3-2018 until fresh mining
leases (not fresh renewals or other renewals) are granted
and fresh environmental clearances are granted.
C
154.7. The State of Goa should take all necessary steps to grant
fresh mining leases in accordance with the provisions of the Mines
and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. The
Ministry of Environment and Forests should also take all necessary
steps to grant fresh environmental clearances to those who are
successful in obtaining fresh mining leases. The exercise should D
be completed by the State of Goa and the Ministry of Environment
and Forests as early as reasonably practicable.
154.8. The State of Goa will take all necessary steps to ensure
that the Special Investigating Team and the Team of Chartered
Accountants constituted pursuant to the Goa Grant of Mining E
Leases Policy, 2014 give their report at the earliest and the State
of Goa should implement the reports at the earliest, unless there
are very good reasons for rejecting them.
154.9. The State of Goa will take all necessary steps to expedite
recovery of the amounts said to be due from the mining leaseholders F
pursuant to the show-cause notices issued to them and pursuant
to other reports available with the State of Goa including the report
of Special Investigating Team and the Team of Chartered
Accountants.”
[Emphasis supplied by us] G
12. It is the directions given in paragraph 154.6 in Goa Foundation-
II (supra) which has given rise to the present appeals. By the direction
in paragraph 154.6 (supra), this Court gave time to the mining
leaseholders, who were granted the second renewal, to manage their
affairs permitting them to continue their mining operations till 15.3.2018. H
540 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A By the said direction, they were directed to stop all mining operations
with effect from 16.3.2018.
13. It is nobody’s case that any of the mining leaseholders have
continued the mining operations after 15.3.2018. The only question, that
arises for consideration is as to whether the minerals which were mined
B prior to 15.3.2018, can be permitted to be transported by the mining
leaseholders or not.
14. Construing the directions of this Court in paragraph 154.6
(supra) as restricting the mining operations till 15.3.2018 and not restricting
the transport of the minerals already mined till 15.3.2018, the State of
C Goa by a decision dated 21.3.2018 decided to permit the mining
leaseholders to pay the royalty on the mineral which was already mined
till 15.3.2018 and transport the same.
15. Being aggrieved by the said decision, the Goa Foundation filed
Writ Petition No. 3 of 2018 before the High Court of Bombay at Goa. In
D the said petition, an interim order dated 28.3.2018 came to be passed
whereby, the transportation of all minerals was suspended.
16. The Division Bench of the Bombay High Court at Goa while
finally hearing the matter after elaborate discussion arrived at the
following finding:
E “…According to our respectful interpretation thus, when the
Supreme Court mandated five weeks’ time for arranging the
affairs, it meant completion of transportation as well.”
17. Observing the aforesaid, the Division Bench quashed and set
aside the decision of the State of Goa dated 21.3.2018 permitting
F transportation of royalty paid iron ore. The Division Bench also held,
that the State Government should take decision regarding its ownership
rights, as a custodian of the mineral resources, and regarding its power
to take possession, to sell and dispose of iron ore in question and utilise
the proceeds for public purpose.
G 18. Being aggrieved thereby, various appeals/petitions are filed
before this Court. We may briefly set out the challenges and reliefs
claimed in each of the matters.
Appeal arising out of SLP(C) 12449 of 2018
The appellant/petitioner claims, that the appellant’s ore was being
H loaded for being shipped for export which came to be stopped in view of
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED v. GOA 541
FOUNDATION & ORS.
the interim order passed by the Division Bench of the High Court dated A
28.3.2018. The grievance of the appellant is that the protection order
dated 4.4.2018 passed by this Court in Special Leave Petition (Civil)
Nos. 8483-8484 of 2018 (to which we will refer subsequently) did not
extend to it as it was not a party in the said SLP. The appellant, therefore,
prays to permit the appellant to load on the barges and on the vessels,
B
the iron ore which is royalty paid and which is brought on the jetties on
or before 15.3.2018 so that it can be transported to their destinations.
Appeals arising out of SLP(C) Nos. 12328-12330 of 2018
The appellant’s case is identical with the appellant in earlier appeal
i.e. Appeal arising out of SLP(C) No.12449 of 2018. The iron ore mined C
by the appellant was in the process of being loaded in a ship at High sea
through barges. However, due to the interim order of the High Court
dated 28.3.2018 passed in Writ Petition (Civil) No.3 of 2018, the appellant
had to stop the same. The appellant is also not covered by the order
dated 4.4.2018 (supra) passed by this Court. The appellant, therefore,
prays for a similar direction as sought by the appellant in Appeal arising D
out of SLP(C) No.12449 of 2018.
Appeals arising out of SLP(C) D. No.17815 of 2018
The appellant herein deals in export of iron ore. The appellant
claims to have entered into an international contract for export of ore E
and accordingly had made preparation and loaded barges to be
transported to vessel berthed at High sea. However, in view of the interim
order dated 28.3.2018 (supra) it could not carry forward the said
operations. The appellant is also not covered by the order dated 4.4.2018
(supra) passed by this Court as it was not a party in the SLP. The appellant
also claims the same reliefs as sought by the appellant in Appeal arising F
out of SLP(C) No.12449 of 2018.
Appeals arising out of SLP(C) Nos. 25711-25713 of 2018
The appellants herein are engaged in trade of minerals. The
appellants had purchased iron ore from the mine of some leaseholders.
G
After purchasing, they have transported the same to their jetties and
stockyards on or before 15.3.2018. The appellants in pursuance of the
order passed by this Court dated 11.5.2018 (to which also we will refer
subsequently) are praying for permission to transport ore lying at jetties
and stockyards on their sale.
H
542 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A Appeals arising out of SLP(C) Nos.24831 and 24830 of 2018
The appellants in both these appeals herein submit, that though
they have extracted the iron ore prior to 15.3.2018, it is lying either at the
stockyard or at the pithead and, therefore, seek permission to transport
the same.
B 19. We have heard Shri Mukul Rohatgi, learned Senior Counsel
appearing for the appellant in lead matter [i.e. Appeal arising out of
SLP(C) No.12449 of 2018], Shri Gourab Banerji, learned Senior Counsel
and Mr. Yashraj Singh Deora, learned counsel for the other appellants.
We have heard Shri A. N.S. Nadkarni, learned Additional Solicitor
C General appearing for the State of Goa, Shri Vikramjit Banerjee, learned
Additional Solicitor General appearing for the Union of India and Mr.
Prashant Bhushan, learned counsel for the Goa Foundation.
20. Shri Mukul Rohatgi, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the
appellant would submit, that the perusal of paragraph 154.6 of the judgment
D of this Court in Goa Foundation-II (supra) would clearly show, that
what was permitted by this Court was continuation of mining till 15.3.2018.
He submits, that there is a specific prohibition in the said paragraph that
after 15.3.2018 no mining activity could be carried on. He, therefore,
submits, that what was done by this Court was to specifically prohibit
mining after 15.3.2018. However, the order did not postulate restriction
E on transport of the iron ore which was already mined in the period of
five weeks i.e. from 7.2.2018 [the date of the judgment and order of this
Court passed in Goa Foundation-II (supra)] to 15.3.2018. He would
submit, that the perusal of the order of this Court dated 4.4.2018 (passed
in SLP(C) No.8483-8484 of 2018 and connected matters ) and 11.5.2018
F [passed in SLP(C) No.12449 of 2018 and connected matters] would
clearly show, that the intent of paragraph 154.6 (supra) was to prohibit
the mining from 16.3.2018 and not the transportation of the ore which
was already mined prior to 15.3.2018.
21. Shri Rohatgi, relying on Rule 12(1)(gg) of the Minerals (Other
G than Atomic and Hydro Carbons Energy Minerals) Concession Rules,
2016 (hereinafter referred to as “the said Rules), would further submit,
that the legislative policy is to grant six calendar months to remove ore
mineral extracted from the date of the expiry or sooner termination of
the lease term. He, therefore, submit, that taking into consideration the
legislative policy, it is necessary that the mining leaseholders be permitted
H to transport the iron ore mineral which is already mined by them. He
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED v. GOA 543
FOUNDATION & ORS.
submits, that the finding of the High Court that paragraph 154.6 (supra) A
also prohibits transportation of the mineral which is already mined prior
to 15.3.2018, is not only totally incorrect but is in ignorance of the orders
passed by this Court dated 4.4.2018 and 11.5.2018.
22. The learned counsel appearing for the State of Goa also
submits, that the State has no objection for transportation of the mineral B
which is mined prior to 15.3.2018 and on which the royalty is paid to the
Government.
23. Shri Prashant Bhushan, learned counsel for the Goa Foundation,
vehemently opposed the appeals. He would submit, that the mining leases
of the various lessees had already expired in 2007. They were illegally C
continuing their mining operations. He submits, that the same has been
found in the judgment of this Court in Goa Foundation-I (supra). He
further submits, that in Goa Foundation-II (supra) this Court also found
that there was rampant illegal excavation and, therefore, such stringent
directions were issued by this Court. He submits, that the Division Bench
of the High Court has rightly construed the words “to manage their D
affairs” used by this Court in paragraph 154.6 (supra) to include all
activities relating to mining and transportation thereof. He submits, that
the lessees in the period of seven weeks from 7.2.2018 till 15.3.2018
have extracted 2.2 MT of iron ore. It is submitted, that if the permission
is granted to transport this iron ore, it will amount to giving a premium for E
illegal activity of the leaseholder. He, therefore, vehemently submits,
that all appeals are liable to be dismissed.
24. To appreciate the entire controversy, we have to consider
what is the import of paragraph 154.6 of the judgment of this Court in
Goa Foundation-II (supra). F
The direction given in the said paragraph are two-fold. Firstly, the
mining leaseholders are given time to manage their affairs and to continue
their mining operations till 15.3.2018. The second is a negative direction.
They are directed to stop all mining operations with effect from 16.3.2018
until fresh mining leases (not fresh renewals or other renewals) are G
granted and fresh environmental clearances are granted.
25. Applying the principle of plain and literal interpretation, the
direction would stop all mining activities from 16.3.2018. However, from
the date of the order i.e. 7.2.2018 till 15.3.2018, the lessees were permitted
to continue with the mining activities and manage their affairs.
H
544 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A 26. As could be seen, after the Government of Goa had taken a
decision to permit the royalty paid iron ore to be transported which was
mined prior to 15.3.2018 by its decision dated 21.3.2018, the Goa
Foundation had approached the High Court and the High Court had
stayed the said direction by its interim order dated 28.3.2018. The said
interim order dated 28.3.2018 reads thus:
B
“11. In the meantime, there shall be an ad interim relief in terms
of the bracketed portion of prayer clause (d), which reads thus:
“Pending hearing and final disposal of this petition, a
direction to the State Government to order an immediate
C suspension of transport of all minerals related to the mining
activity of 88 leaseholders……”
27. Being aggrieved thereby, a Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos.
8483-8484 of 2018 came to be filed before this Court. The matter came
up for hearing before the same Bench which had delivered the judgment
D in Goa Foundation-II (supra). An order dated 4.4.2018 came to be
passed by the same Bench of this Court in the said Special Leave Petition
(Civil) Nos. 8483-8484 of 2018. The said order dated 4.4.2018 passed in
Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos. 8483-8484 of 2018 reads thus:
“It is categorically stated by learned counsel for the petitioners
E that the iron ore which is sought to be loaded on the vessels in the Port
area in Goa is royalty paid and it was removed and brought to the jetties
on or before 15th March, 2018.
Under these circumstances, we are of the view that the iron ore
which is royalty paid and which is lying on the jetties on or before 15th
F March, 2018 should be permitted to be loaded on the barges and on the
vessels so that they can be transported to their destinations.
The State of Goa will ensure and confirm that only that iron ore is
loaded which is royalty paid and which is lying in the jetties on or before
15th March, 2018.
G Insofar as the other issues are concerned, since the matter is
already pending in the High Court, we do not propose to deal with them
and leave it to the High Court to adjudicate.
The special leave petitions are disposed of”
28. An identical order dated 11.5.2018 came to be passed by the
H same Bench in the present lead appeal arising out of SLP(C) No. 12449
of 2018, which reads thus:
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED v. GOA 545
FOUNDATION & ORS.
“Issue notice. A
Mr. Shishir Deshpande and Mr. Prashant Bhushan, learned
counsel accept notice.
We have heard learned counsel for the parties at some length.
It is categorically stated by learned counsel for the petitioners B
that the iron ore which is sought to be loaded on the vessels in the
Port area in Goa is royalty paid and it was removed and brought
to the jetties on or before 15th March, 2018.
Under these circumstances, we are of the view that the iron
ore which is royalty paid and which is lying on the jetties on or C
before 15th March, 2018 should be permitted to be loaded on the
barges and on the vessels so that they can be transported to their
destinations.
The State of Goa will ensure and confirm that only that iron
ore is loaded which is royalty paid and which is lying in the jetties D
on or before 15th March, 2018.
Insofar as the other issues are concerned, since the matter is
already pending in the High Court, we do not propose to deal with
them and leave it to the High Court 3 to adjudicate.
An allegation has been made by learned counsel appearing for E
Goa Foundation that rampant mining took place after the order
passed on 7th February, 2018 till 15th March, 2018.
We would like to have full details about the mining that has
taken place during the period from 7th February, 2018 till 15th
March, 2018. F
We make it clear that there will be no movement of iron ore
until further orders except the iron ore which has reached the
jetties.
List the matter in the third week of July, 2018.”
G
29. It could thus be seen, that the Division Bench which had
delivered the judgment in Goa Foundation-II (supra) by subsequent
orders dated 4.4.2018 and 11.5.2018 has permitted the iron ore which
was royalty paid and which was lying on the jetties on or before 15.3.2018
to be loaded on the barges and on the vessels so that it can be transported
to their destinations. H
546 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A 30. It will also be relevant to refer to Rule 12(1)(gg) of the said
Rules.
12. Terms and conditions of a mining lease.- (1) Every mining
lease shall be subject to the following conditions:
(a)
B
…….
(gg) the lessee may, after paying the rents, rates and royalties
payable under the Act and rules made thereunder or under the
lease deed, at the expiry or sooner termination of the lease term
C or within six calendar months thereafter (unless the lease is
terminated for default of the lessee, and in that case at any time
not less than three calendar months nor more than six calendar
months after such termination) take down and remove for its own
benefit, all or any ore mineral excavated during the currency of
the lease, engines, machinery, plant, buildings structures, tramways,
D railways and other works, erection and conveniences which may
have been erected, set up or placed by the lessee in or upon the
leased lands and which the lessee is not bound to deliver to the
State Government or which the State Government does not desire
to purchase.”
E 31. A perusal of clause (gg) of Rule 12(1) of the said Rules would
reveal, that on the expiry or sooner termination of the lease term, six
months period is granted to the lessees to remove for its own benefit, all
or any ore mineral excavated during the currency of the lease, engines,
machinery, plant, buildings, structures, tramways, railways and other
F works, erections and conveniences which may have been erected, set
up or placed by the lessee in or upon the leased lands. An exception is
carved out in case of lease being terminated for default of the lessee
wherein, period so to be granted is not less than three months and not
more than six calendar months after such termination. However, it is
subject to the lessee paying the rents, rates and royalties payable under
G the Act and the Rules made thereunder.
32. Taking overall view of the matter i.e. paragraph 154.6 of the
judgment of this Court in Goa Foundation-II (supra); the orders dated
4.4.2018 and 11.5.2018 passed by the same Bench which delivered the
judgment in Goa Foundation-II (supra) permitting the minerals/iron
H ore to be transported which were royalty paid and which was lying on
CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED v. GOA 547
FOUNDATION & ORS.
the jetties on or before 15.3.2018; and the legislative policy granting six A
months’ period for removal of the mineral for the benefit of the lessees,
we find that the view taken by the Division Bench of the Bombay High
court is not correct. If this Court in Goa Foundation-II (supra) intended
to prohibit the mining as well as transportation of the minerals/iron ore
with effect from 16.3.2018 nothing precluded it from doing so. However,
B
the words used were that the lessees are permitted to manage their
affairs and are permitted to continue mining till 15.3.2018. The only
prohibition contained in the said order after 15.3.2018 is for carrying out
mining operations. Not only this but the same Bench which has decided
the Goa Foundation-II (supra) itself on two occasions has permitted
the mineral to be transported from the jetties. We do not find, that there C
is any rationale in differentiating between the iron ore which is either at
the jetties or at the stockyards or pitheads, if the same is mined prior to
the date of the prohibition i.e. 15.3.2018. There is no doubt that the
ownership of the ore is that of the party that has raised the ore. The ore
which has been permitted to be transported is on condition of payment
D
of royalty. We see no reason why the owners should not be allowed to
transport their own ore.
33. It will not be out of place to mention here the specific stand of
the State Government before the High Court that the State is monitoring
to ensure that only such of the mineral is permitted to be transported
which is mined prior to 15.3.2018. E
34. We are, therefore, inclined to allow all the appeals. Order
accordingly. We set aside the impugned judgment and order dated
4.5.2018 passed by the High Court and uphold the decision of the State
of Goa dated 21.3.2018, which permits transportation of mineral/iron
ore which is mined prior to 15.3.2018. F
35. Needless to state, that the transportation of the mineral would
be only in respect of such minerals on which royalty is paid. The
appellants/mining leaseholders would be permitted to transport the royalty
paid ore/mineral from the jetties/stockyard or pitheads on the basis of
the valid transit permitsissued to them by the competent authority of the G
State Government.
36. Taking into consideration the legislative policy as contained in
clause (gg) of Rule 12(1) of the said Rules, we direct that all such
transportation shall be completed within a period of six months from
today. H
548 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2020] 3 S.C.R.
A 37. It is needless to state that all other directions contained in
paragraph 154 of the judgment of this Court in Goa Foundation-II
(supra) shall be strictly complied with by the State of Goa.
38. All pending applications including the application for intervention
shall stand disposed of.
B SLP(C) No. 22035/2019
39. De-tagged. To be listed before the appropriate Bench in its
due course.
C Kalpana K. Tripathy Appeals allowed.
D
E
F
G
H
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