Holding

A signal decoder is a "reception apparatus for television" and therefore falls under Customs Tariff Entry 8528.

Summary

The case concerned the customs tariff classification of a signal decoder used by a cable operator to decode satellite signals received via a dish antenna. The Revenue (Commissioner of Customs) argued that the decoder should be classified under Entry 8528 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 as a "reception apparatus for television", while the Tribunal had held it fell under Entry 8529 as a part suitable for use with apparatus of headings 8525‑8528. The Supreme Court examined the amendment to Entry 8528 (effective 1‑Jan‑1996) which broadened the scope from "television receivers" to "reception apparatus for television" and interpreted the term "apparatus" in line with dictionary definitions and legislative intent. It concluded that the decoder functions to receive and decode television signals, making it a reception apparatus and therefore covered by Entry 8528. Consequently, the Court set aside the Tribunal’s order and restored the Commissioner’s earlier classification, allowing the Revenue’s appeal.

Issues considered

Whether a signal decoder used in cable television distribution is to be classified under Customs Tariff Entry 8528 (reception apparatus for television) or Entry 8529 (parts suitable for use with apparatus of headings 8525‑8528).
Whether the amendment to Entry 8528 in 1996 expands its scope to include devices such as decoders.
Interpretation of the term "apparatus" in the context of customs classification.

Legislation cited

Subjects

customs classificationsignal decoderreception apparatustariff entry 8528tariff entry 8529customs tariff amendmenttelevision equipmentcable television

Judgment

A COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI ,,,_
v.
C-NET COMMUNICATION (l) PVT. LTD.

SEPTEMBER 26, 2007
B
[ASHOK BHAN AND V.S. SIRPURKAR, JJ.]

Customs TariffAct,.1975: '"( I

c Entry 8528, 8529 and 8543-Decoder used by cable operator for
distributing satellite signals collected by Dish Antenna-Classification
of-Held: Decoder is essentialfor viewing programmes wired by cable
TV or pay channels-Without decoder, Television works-It is only
required to enjoy Television in more meaningful manner-Hence,
D classifiable under Entry 8528 as reception apparatusfor television and
not under Entry 8529 as part ofTelevision nor under residuary Entry
8543. j..

Words and Phrases: 'apparatus '-Meaning of-Discussed.

E The question which arose for consideration in the present appeal
is regarding the classification of "Signal Decoder" which is used by a
Cable Operator for distributing Satellite signals collected by Dish
Antenna. The assessee claimed that Decoder will be covered under
Entry 8543 of Custo.ms Tariff Act, 1975. The claim ofthe Assesseewas
F negatived by the Assessing Officer as also by the Commissioner
(Appea!s) who held that the proper Entry would be 8528. The Tribunal,
however, held the relevant applicable Entry to be 8529.

Setting aside the order of Tribunal and restoring that of the
G Commissioner (appeals), the Court
HELD: 1.1. The decoder is an equipment which is required to be ~.

connected to the power supply by way of a cord. It is required to be
connected with the hP.lp of cords to the satellite receiver. All this is
con11ected to the Television set. The functioning ofthe decoder, indicates
H 330
COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 331
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.
that it is essential for receiving the decoded signals and the subscriber A
can view the programmes either of the pay channels or meant for the
cable subscribers with the aid of the decoder. In case the decoder is not
connected to the Television and to the satellite receiver, then it will not
be possible for the subscriber to view any programme which is aired by
the Cable TV or which is meant as a pay channel. For making full use B
of Television, the signals which are received by the dish-antenna are
passed through the decoder which does the function of decoding the
encoded signals so that the viewer can watch them. Under such
circumstances, it becomes "reception apparatus for television". The
television may work without the decoder but in order to enjoy the C
television in a more meaningful manner, as also for its complete
utili7.ation the decoder is required. It may not be fitting into the description
of "television receiver" but it certainly is an apparatus which works for
receiving the signals for television. [Para 15) (343-C-G]
1.2. Entry 8528 of Customs Tariff Act, 1975 was amended with D
effect from 1.1.96. The major difference brought out by the amendment
was, whereas previously 8528 was restricted to "Television Receivers",
after amendment, the said words have been omitted and have been
replaced by the words "Reception apparatus for TeJevision". When
unamended and the amended Entries are compared, it is clear that the · E
amended Entry has widened the scope of the earlier Entry and what
was earlier "television receiver" has now become "reception apparatus
for television". If this is so, the amended Entry under 8528 would aptly
apply to the decoder which is one of the "apparatus for receiving the
signals for television". The true test is not as to whether the television F
could still work without the decoder, but the true test is as to the function
that the decoder achieves in the user of the television. At number of
times the signals which are received from the satellite are weak and,
therefore, would not reach the television intelligibly for the viewer, the
decoder strengthens these signals. Thus decoder can be aptly described G
as a "reception apparatus for television".
[Paras 6 and 15) [335-C, F; 343-G; 344-A-D]

Manisha Pharma Plas Co. Pvt. Ltd v. Union ofIndia, (1999) 112
ELT 12 (Del), referred to. H
332 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] I 0 S.C.R.

A 2.1. As per Stroud's Judicial Dictionary the term "apparatus"
includes the distribution board of an electrical installation. It must be ·..,....
considered when current is passing through and not when it is in its
inanimate state. (Para 16) (344-E]

B
Waddell's Curator Bonis v. Alexander Lindsay Ltd, (1960) SLT 189
(OH), referred to.

2.2. The term "apparatus" has been interpreted as something
which is inclusive of some other appliance. This is clearly an indicator
to the fact that the amendment was brought in with an idea to include a
C unit like the Decoder. This term was absent at the pre-amended stage
and its inclusion in Entry 8528 clearly indicates the intent of the
Legislature that the scope ofthe Entry was to be broadened and widened
so as to include a signal unit like decoder. Unfortunately all this has
escaped the attention of the Tribunal. [Para 16) [344-F, G)
D
3.1. The decoder in question is not a satellite receiver and is merely
connected between the satellite receiver and the modulator. In case
where the satellite signals are encoded or scrambled condition, the
decoder is used for decoding the encoded/scrambled signals.
E [Para 17) [344-G; 345-A]

3.2. Now the Entry 8528 is not restricted to "television receivers".
The thrust is on the words "reception apparatus", as against the thrust
on the word "receiver" in the unamended Entry. The word" apparatus"
F would certainly mean the compound instrument or chain of series of
instruments designed to carry out specific function or for a particular
use. [Para 17) [345-B, DJ

4. The reliance on the Board's circular dated 16.11.1994 is not
called for in the wake of the amended wording of Entry 8528.
G [Para 18) [345-E]

5. In order to make Entry 8529 applicable, the decoders would have
to be viewed as part of television. It is not a part of the television for
the simple reason that it is an independent instrument itself though it is
H one of the apparatus for. reception of coded signals and decoding the
COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 3'33
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.[SIRPURKAR, J.]
same for the user of the subscriber. Decoder is not a built in part, nor is A
the decoder essential to the operation of televisiOn. Further it is not
integral component of the television nor it is treated as part of the
television in the common usage and practice. The only reason given by
the Tribunal that it is an essential part of the satellite receiver and,
therefore, it would be classifiable under Heading 8529 does ri.ot appear B
to be correct. [Para 19) [346-A, B, C)
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 6102 of
2001.
From the Final Judgment and Order dated 23.2.2000 of the C
Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi in
Appeal No. C/79/99-B2.
Navin Prakash, K.K. Senthivelan and B. Krishna Prasad for the
Appellant.
D
Alok Yadav and M.P. Devanath for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
V.S. SIRPURKAR, J. 1. Revenue has filed this appeal under
Section 130 E(B) of the Customs Act, 1962 challenging the decision of E
the Customs, Excise & Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal (hereinafter
referred to a5 "the Tribunal"). By the impugned judgment the Tribunal
allowed the appeal filed by the assessee M/s.C-Net Communication (I)
Pvt. Ltd., challenging the orders passed by the Assessing Authority and
the Confirming Order passed by the Commissioner of Appeals. The F
question which has fallen for consideration is "whether goods, namely,
Signal Decoder which is normally used by a Cable Operator for
distributing Satellite signals collected by Dish Antenna is covered under
Entry 8528 or 8529".
G
2. Such collected signals, if weak, are strengthened by the Decoder
and are fed further to the customers' television. Normally, the signals so
collected by the feed-horn are weak and, therefore, a device called Low
Noise Block down Converter is used for the amplification of those signals.
The Decoder also converts the signals received from the Satellite by way H
334 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 10 S.C.R.

A of Dish Antenna into useable signals. In short, the signals are modulated
into proper frequency and with the h~lp of channel combiners, distribution
amplifiers, channel converters and top off boxes, the signals are distributed
to the subscribers for viewing the programmes. This apparatus is useful
in case of some of the broadcasters transmitting the Pay Channels and
B for that purpose the Cable Operator connects the Decoder after the
Satellite Receiver and the Decoders perform the de-coding function only
after the reception of signals by Satellite Recei".er and then feeds into the
frequency level which the Decoder can withstand. The Revenue insists
that these Decoders are covered by Entry 8528 which reads as under:
c "8528. Reception apparatus for television, whether or not
incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video
recording or reproducting agpar~tus; video monitors and video
projectors"
D 3. It was, however, the cla~1 of tfi~ Assessee that Decoder will be
covered under Entry 8543 which is as under:
"8543-Electrical machines and apparatus having individual ·
functions, not spel::ified or included elsewhere in this Chapter;
E - Particle accelerators."
4. The claini by the Assessee was negatived by the Assessing Officer
as also by the Commissioner (Appeals) who held that the proper Entry
would be 8528 which we have indicated above. The Tribunal, however,
F came to a different conclusion which can be said to be an alternative
contention and held the relevant applicable Entry to be 8529. The said
Entry 8529 is:
"8529-Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the
apparatus of headings 8525 to 8528."
G
The further Entry is 8529 .10 which is:
"8529.10-Aerials and aerial reflectors of all kinds; parts suitable
for use therewith:
H - Dish Antenna.
/
\--
/

COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 335
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.[SIRPURKAR, J.]
8529.90--Gther." A

The Tribunal has held that the Decoder is more or the less a part suitable
for specific purpose with the apparatus of 8528, i.e. the Reception
apparatus for television.
"-.

5. The only question, therefore, is as to whether the proper Entry B
would be Entry 8528 or Entry 8529 as held by the Tribunal.
6. Before we proceed to consider the question in detail, we must
note that the Entry 8528 to begin with was as under:
"8528-Television receivers (including video projectors), C
whether or not incorporating ... radio-broadcast receivers or sound
or video recording or reproducing apparatus."
This was amended with effect from 1.1.1996 and now the Entry has
become as under: D
v-,
"8528. Reception apparatus for television, whether or not
incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video
recording or reproducting apparatus; video monitors and video
projectors.
E
8512-Colour
8528.13 Black and White or other monochrome 40%

r - Video monitors.
F
8528.21 ~Colour

8528.22 Black and White or other monochrome 40%
8528.30 Video Projectors 40%
8528.12.91 - Satellite Receivers." G

The major difference brought out by the.amendment was, whereas
previously 8528 was restricted to "Television Receivers", after
amendment, the said words have been omitted and have been replaced
by the words "Reception apparatus for Television". H
336 SUPREME COURT REPORTS . (2007] 10 S.C.R.

A 7. Before the Tribunal the Assessee had taken a stand that Decoder
is not a Satellite Receiver as it is used only to de-code video signals which
have been pennitted in encryptic or encoded fonn. According to the
Assessee the Decoder has no provision for receiving or processing any
audio signals and the Decoder also does not have an RF output for
B connecting it directly to a television. The Assessee further argued that even
without signal decoder, in case of some channels the reception of satellite
signals is not incomplete as even without the decoder the satellite receiver
can receive the clear signals like BBC, Sony, Zee, etc. The Assessee also
relied upon Board's Circular dated 16.11.1994, issued under Section 73B
C of the Central Excise Act in which it was clarified that booster, amplifiers,
attenuators, modulators, line splitters, channel filters, etc., are neither
inte&™ parts of television receiver nor of antenna and merit classification
under Heading 8543. The Assessee, therefore, contended that this Circular
was squarely applicable for detennining the classification of Decoder. The
D Assessee also relied upon the decision of Canadian International Trade
Tribunal which had classified tl1e Decoder under Heading 8543.90 of the
Canadian Customs Tariff. It was pointed out that even Madras Customs
House has classified the System Decoder under Sub-heading 8543.90
only. Ultimately, the Assessee also relied on Rule 3(a) or (b) suggesting
E that when goods cannot be classified by reference to Rule 3(a) or (b),
they shall be classified under the heading which occurs last in numerical
order and, therefore, the goods were classifiable under Sub-heading
8543.90. The decision iii Manisha Pharma Plas Co. Pvt. Ltd v. Union
ofIndia, (1999) (112) ELT ·12 (Del) was also referred to wherein it was
F held that "HSN is the High Powered body to ascertain international
practice of classification of a particular product and its opinion and
recommendation cannot just be brushed aside." It is needless to mention
that the Tribunal did not accept the case of the Assessee that the Decoder
falls under the Entry 8543 or any sub-entries thereof but went on to hold
G that the applicable Entry would be 8529. In holding so, the Tribunal
returned a finding that the Decoder is not a Satellite Receiver itself
warranting cJassification under Sub-heading 8528.12. The Tribunal then
held the Decoder to be one of the elements of Satellite Reception
Apparatus and, therefore, held that it comes under Heading 8529. It
H observed:
COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 337
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.[SIRPURKAR, J.]
"The learned DR has emphasized that according to technical A
literature the decoder in question has compatibility with most
existing satellite receivers. This does not mean that it is a reception
apparatus classifiable under sub-heading 8528.12. A decoder is
an essential part of a satellite receiver and as such will be
c{assifiable under heading 85.29" (Emphasis supplied). B
.
The Tribunal also noted that the Assessee had made an alternative
plea of classifying the impugned product under Sub-heading 8529.90 and
thus the Tribunal crune to the conclusion that the relevant Entry could not
be under 8528 but the product should fall squarely within the Entry 8529. C
Learned counsel for the Assessee also relied upon this reasoning in the
Tribunal's order.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant-Revenue reiterated its argument
before the Tribunal as also the earlier two authorities and contended that
the Tribunal was in error in not noting the amendment which was brought D
..... out on 1.1.1996. It is argued that the scope of the Entry was enlarged
\
inasmuch as what was earlie( restricted to Television Receivers, after the
amendment, a broad Entry was brought as "Reception Apparatus for
Television". Learned counsel also pointed out that the Board's Circular
was pertaining to the unamended Entry and, therefore, was not ~pplicable E
after the amendment was brought about. It was also pointed out that the
earlier judgment by the Canadian Tribunal in the case of Canadian
Satellite Communications Inc. And The Deputy Minister of National
Revenue and Tee-com Electronics Inc was no longer applicable as the
Tribunal itself, after the amendment, had changed its view and had held F
that the proper Entry covering the decoders would be 8528. We were
taken through three judgments of the Canadian Tribunal. The first two
judgments pertain to the Satellite Television Reception System whereas
the last judgment is in the case of encoded Receiver/decoders described
as Integrated Receivers/Decoders (IRD~5rom this the learned counsel G
argued that the judgments of the first two authorities were the correct
judgments, whereas the Tribunal erred in allowing the appeal filed by the
asses see.
9. As against this the learned counsel for the 3Ssessee also relied on H
. .--t_
338 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 10 S.C.R.

A the arguments before the Tribunal and suggested that the Tribunal was
correct in accepting the alternative plea of the assessee that the correct
Entry would be 8529 as the decoders can be viewed as a part useful for
a specific purpose, namely, to de-code the scrambled signals received
by Dish-antenna.
B
10. We have given our deep consideration to the matter and we are
of the clear view that the Tribunal erred in allowing the appeal filed by
the assessee.
11. We must first deal with the judgments of the Canadian Tribunal,
C relied upon by the parties. The first judgment relied upon by the assessee
was dated 8th December, 1995-Canadian Satellite Communications
Inc. And The Deputy Minister of National Revenue and Tee-com
Electronics Inc was the intervener in this case. The Tribunal has held that
the decoder in issue should be classified under Tariff Item No.8543.90.95
D as part of Television Converters. It is observed therein that the decoders
are designed for use with satellite receivers and are not of any value or ·:i,.

use unless inserted into the backs of satellite receivers or attached to r
satellite receivers by coaxial cable. In theory, the decoders are optional
add-ons to satellite receiver. In practice most consumers who buy a
E satellite receiver also buy a decoder module or a stand-alone 'decoder.
Therefore, in the Tribunal's view a decoder is an essential part of a satellite
receiver for the customer. The Entry which was considered was 8528
and the same was reiterated by the Revenue. There also the question was
as to whether the relevant Entry would be 8543.80.50 or 8529.l 0.10.
F · The Tribunal seems to have considered the argument by the assessee that
the decoders in issue cannot be classified as part of Colour Television
Receivers since Television Receivers function without decoders. The
Tribunal there also considered the argument that the decoders in issue are
not Television Converters nor composite goods nor functional units. The
G alternative argument raised was that if the IRD was a composite machine,
it would have to classify it in heading No.85.28 based on its principal
function as an "apparatus for television reception". The Tribunal found that
the function \.Vlllch although related to the function of a '1elevision receiver"
is distinct from that function. A satellite receiver converts satellite signals
H to signals which can be received by and viewed on a television receiver.
I
I

COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 339
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.[SIRPURKAR, J.]
Moreover, a satellite receiver can perform this conversion function without A
'~
a television receiver. In that view the Tribunal rejected the contention of
the Revenue that the relevant Entry could be 8528 and held that the
relevant Entry would be 8543. It must be stated that the Entries 8528,
8529 and 8543 are identical before us. This was the judgment which was
very heavily relied upon by the assessee. However, we must note that B
the Entry 8528 underwent an amendment and as many as three judgments
came after the amendment. Those three cases are Jonie International
')..,

~
Inc. and The Deputy Minister of National Revenue (decided on
September 28, 1998); C.L. Blue Systems Ltd and The Deputy Minister
ofNational Revenue (decided on November 24, 1999) and Star Choice c
television Network Incorporated and The Commissioner of the
Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (decided on November 8,
2002). It will not be necessary for us to refer to the first two cases in
detail which though are relevant, are related to the Satellite Television
Reception Systems (STRS). In Jonie International Inc, the Tribunal has I)
>'- considered in these two cases the operation of STRS in the following terms:
\
"The experts agreed on the operation of the STRs. The dish
antenna reflects microwave satellite television signals to the LNBF.
The LNBF converts the signals from 1l ,000 MHz down to l ,000
E
MHz. The LNBF also amplifies the signals and sends them through
coaxial cables to the receiver. The receiver then converts the signals
to 61-67 MHz, which is the :frequency for channel 3 on a television
channel selectors, or to a video base band that can be received
} by some television sets. If the user is a subscriber of the selected
F
satellite television channel, a decoder built into the receiver then
descrambles the signals so that they can be displayed to the user
on the television set. The remote control operates the receiver and
is used through on-screen menus."

Ultimately, the Tribunal considered the language of Entries 8528 and G'
-1 8529 held:
"The Tribunal is of the view that STRS cannot be classified in
heading No.85.29 as a part ofreception apparatus for television,
even if it has functions similar to those of a cable television
H
340 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 10 S.C.R.

A converter. While acknowledging that each case must be detennined
on its own merits and that there is no universally applicable test,
the Tribunal in York Barbell, indicated that the following criteria
are relevant in determining whether a product is a part: (1) the
product is essential to the operation of another product; (2) the
B product is a necessary and integral component of the other
product; (3) the product is installed in the other product; and (4)
common trade_usage and practice. In the present appeal, none of
those criteria is fulfilled. An SIRS is not essential to the operation
of a television reception apparatus, e.g., a television set, is not a
c neces$ary and integral component of such an apparatus and is not
·installed in such an apparatllS. No evidence relating to common
trade usage and practice was submitted to support the classification
of an SIRS ac; a part of a television reception apparatus." r

D The Tribunal further held that while a Cable Television converter could
be covered under the Entry 8529.90.91, such was not the case with the
SIRS. The decision in Canadian Satellite Communications Inc. (supra)
was referred to and the Tribunal specifically held that the SIRS cannot
be classified as a part in heading 8529. Ultimately, the Tnbunal came to
E the conclusion that the SIRS in issue is properly classified in sub-heading
8528.12 as "colour reception apparatus for television".
12. The second decision in CL. Blue Systems Ltd is also more or
the less on the same lines. Here also the relevant goods were SIRS and
the law laid down in Jonie International Inc (supra) was reiterated.
F
13. The most important, however, is the case of Star Choice
Television Network Inc., which decision was given on November 8,
2002. Here the question, as to whether the integrated receivers/decoders
(IRDs) are properly classified under Tariff Item No.8528.12.99, fell for
G consideration. While, according to the assessee, the correct Tariff Item
was 8529.90.90, the Tribunal held that the said decoder is nothing but a =tc-
part of Satellite Television Reception System (SIRS). It was further held
that IRDs was essential to the operation of the SIRS and it is necessary
and integral component of SIRS and SIRS cannot function without it. It
H was noted by the Tribunal that IRD is attached to the SIRS by a coaxial
COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 341
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.[SIRPURKAR, J.]
cable and is sold along with the rest of the components and make up an A
SIRS. Accordingly a finding was given by the Tribunal that the goods in
issue are a part of SIRSs. The Tribunal noted the amendment brought
about in Entry 8528.12 and pointed out that the words "receiver for
satellite television" were replaced by the words "reception apparatus for
television". The argument before the Tribunal, at the instance of the B
assessee, was that the goods in issue should be classified in the Entry 8529
"as the other parts if suitable for use solely or principally with the
... apparatus of any numbers 8525 to 8528". It was also alternatively
- argued that ifthe goods are properly classified in heading No.8528, they
should be classified under Tariff Item no.8528.12.10 as incomplete or C
unfinished television receivers. It was also argued before the Tribunal, at
the instance of the assessee, that IRD is only one of the components of
SIRS and cannot perfonn satellite television reception function, described
in heading 8528, on its own and, therefore,.JRD cannot be classified in
Heading No.8528 and must consequently be classified under Heading D
.)/ 8529. The Tribunal then referred to Section 10 of the Customs Tariff which
\
directed the classification in accordance with the General Rules for the
interpretation of the Harmoniz.ed System and the Canadian Rules. It noted
Rule which provided that for legal purposes, classification shall be
determined according to the tenns of the heading and any relative section E
or chapter notes. It also referred to Section 11 and then referred to the
Jonie International Inc and CR Blue's cases (supra) and came to the
conclusion that IRD is the part of SIRS and is essential to the operation
t of STRS. It is a necessary and integral component of STRS and SIRS
cannot function without it. It is attached to the SIRS by a coaxial cable F
and is sold along with the rest of the components that make up STRS.
The Tribunal ultimately held: ·
"The appellant submitted that the IRD is only one of the
components of an SIRS and cannot perfonn the satellite television
reception function on its own. While it is true that the IRD cannot G
receive satellite television signals transmitted by a satellite without
the dish antenna and the LNBF, the IRD can receive television
signals transmitted by the LNBF. This suffices for the /RD to
constitute a reception apparatus for television. There is no H ,
342 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 10 S.C.R.

A requirement that a machine be capable of receiving satellite
television signals to be classified in heading No.85 .28 as a reception
apparatus for television.". (emphasis supplied)

In short the Canadian Tribunal has held Entry 8528 to be the proper Entry
B to cover th~ IRD or, as the case may be, the decoder.
14. On the backdrop of these cases it is to be seen as to whether
the correct Entry would be 8528.
15. While the appeal was being heard, this Court had directed the
C respondents to file technical/product literature for the proper adjudicatipn
of the matter. The respondents.accordingly have filed such literature. A
"decoder", as per the Dictionary of Computer, W.R. Spencer, is an
electronic device that is capable of accepting decoded data at its input
and generating unencoded .data at its output. The decoding process
D employed may conform to an agreed standard or be user-defined. The
outputs of these devices are capable of directly driving external equipment
such as LCD or LED-type displays. As per the information obtained from
Wikipedia which is a free encyclopedia, the "decoder" is described as
under:
E "A decoder is a device which does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding so that the original information can be
retrieved The same method used to encode is usually just reversed
in order to decode.

F In digital electronics this would mean that a decoder is a multiple-
input, multiple-output logic circuit that converts coded inputs into
coded outputs, where the input and output codes are different, e.g.,
n-to-2n, BCD decoders."
The User Manual which has been supplied to the court indicates that:
G
"This decoder enables normal viewing of satellite programmes ·"t-.
broadcast using the STARCrypt system of encryption. When used·
in conjunction with the correct viewing card these broadcasts are
descrambled. The decoder incorporates the following features:
H
l
__ )
COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 343
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.[SIRPURKAR, J.]
* Phono connectors for connection to a satellite receiver. A

* Option de-emphasis for baseband input signal;
* Power on LED indicator;

* De-emphasis on LED indicator; B
* Pay preview programme capability;

'"'
.....
* Cable and SMA TV compatibility;

* Compatibility with most existing satellite receivers.
c
From the User's Manual it is apparent that the decoder is an equipment
which is required to be connected to the power supply by way of a cord.
The said cord is terminated at one end with a connector to be inserted
into the power input socket on the rear panel of the apparatus. This
decoder is required to be connected with the help of cords to the satellite D
,,
>·
receiver. All this is connected to the Television set. In short it is only when
the connections between the decoder satellite receiver and the Television
have been made that the subscriber would be able to view the programme
if he has the valid card for the same. The functioning of the decoder,
therefore, clearly indicates that it is essential for receiving the decoded E
signals and the subscriber can view the programmes either of the pay
channels or meant for the cable subscribers with the aid of the decoder.
In case the decoder is not connected to the Television and to the satellite
receiver, then it will not be possible for the subscriber to view any
1'
programme which is aired by the Cable TV or which is meant as a pay F
channel. In short, before making a full use of Television, the signals which
are received by the dish-antenna are passed through the decoder which
does the function of decoding the encoded signals so that the viewer can
watch them. Under such circumstances it is clear that it become
"reception apparatus for television". It may be that even without the G
-1- decoder the television may work but in order to enjoy the television in a
more meaningful manner, as also for its complete utilization the decoder
is required. It may not be fitting into the description of "television
receiver" but it certainly is an apparatus which works for receiving the
signals for television. In our view, therefore, when we compare unamended H
344 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 10 S.C.R.

A and the amended Entries, it is clear that the amended Entry has widened
the scope of the earlier Entry and what was earlier "television receiver"
has now become "reception apparatus for television ". If this is so, in
our opinion, the amended Entry under 8528 would aptly apply to the
decoder which is one of the "apparatus for receiving the signals for
B television". In our opinion the true test is not as to whether the television
could still work without the decoder, but the true test is as to the function
that the decoder achieves in the user of the television. It is clear to our
mind that decoder with which we are concerned passes the signals which
+·
have been received from satellite after decoding them into television so
C as to enable the viewer to have intelligible signals which, at times, would
be available only by way of pay channels or which would be available if
viewer is a subscriber to the Cable TV. Again that is not the only function
of the decoder. At number of times the signals which are received from
the satellite are weak and, therefore, would not reach the television
D intelligibly for the viewer, the decoder strengthens these signals. This leaves
us with no doubt that decoder can be aptly described as a "reception
apparatus for television". It is an apparatus which helps the television to
receive intelligible signals for the viewer.
16. As per Stroud's Judicial Dictionary the term "apparatus" includes
E the distribution board of an electrical installation. It must be considered
whP.n current is passing through and not when it is in its inanimate state.
This meanirig h!:ls been assigned to it in Waddell's Curator Bonis v.
Alexander Lindsay Ltd, (1960) SLT 189 OH. This would indicate that
F the terms "apparatus" has been interpreted as something which is inclusive
0f some other appliance. This is clearly an indicator to the fact that the
amendment was brought in with an idea to include a· unit like the Decoder.
This term was absent at the pre-amended stage and its inclusion in Entry
8528 clearly indicates the intent of the Legislature that the scope of the
Entry was to be broadened and widened so as to include a signal unit
G
like decoder. Unfortunately all this has escaped the attention of the
Tribunal.
17. Learned counsel fo~· the respondent strongly argued that the
decoder in question is not a satellite receiver and is merely connected
H between the satellite receiver and the modulator. In case where the satellite
j- COMMR. OF CUSTOMS, NEW DELHI v. C-NET 345
COMMUNICATION (I) PVT. LTD.[SIRPURKAR, J.}
signals are encoded or scrambled condition and the decoder is used only A
'-t.- for the purpose of decoding the encoded/scrambled signals and that the
signals decoder is nothing .but one of the device connected after the satellite
receiver and is used to convert the scrambled signals into unscrambled
signals. Thus, the decoder is not a "satellite receiver". There can be no
quarrel with this argument regarding the function of the decoder. However, B
what we are at pains to point out is the effect of amendment which has
undoubtedly widened the scope of the Entry 8528. The argument put
'> forward by the respondent would have been a sound argument had the
~
Entry 8528 been restricted to "television receivers". However, now the
Entry is not restricted to "television receivers" and has been widened into c
"reception apparatus for television". The thrust is on the word ''reception
apparatus", as against the thrust on the word "receiver" in the unamended
Entry. In our opinion, the word "apparatus" would certainly mean the
compound instrument or chain of series of instruments designed to carry
out specific function or for a particular use. D
.,... 18. We must, at this stage, take stock of the arguments by the
I
respondents regarding the Board's Circular dated 16.11.1994 which has
· also been relied upon by the Tribunal. In our opinion the said circular
cannot be made applicable to the present Entry. We must at once point
E
out that the Entry has undergone a change so as to include the "reception
~pparatus". In our opinion the reliance on the circular is, therefore, not
called for in the wake of the amended wording of Entry 8528.
19. It was further argued that the relevant Entry should be 8529 as
has been held by the Tribunal. We have seen the Tribunal's order. The F
Tribunal has dealt with Entry 8529 in an extremely sketchy manner. All
that the Tribunal justifies in holding the relevant Entry to be 8529 is that
a decoder is an essential part of the satellite receiver and as such would
be classifiable under that Entry. We do not think that such would be the
correct approach. A decoder cannot be held as part of the television, G
--1' though it can be a "reception apparatus for television". Entry 8529 reads
as under:
"8529-Parts suitable for use solely or principally with ·the
apparatus of headings 8525 to 8528."
H
\

-.t
346 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 10 S.C.R. '-·
A In our view in order to make this Entry applicable, the decoders would
have to be viewed as part of television. It is not a part of the television
for the simple reason that it is an independent instrument itself though it is
one of the apparatus for reception of coded signals and decoding the same
for the user of the subscriber. Decoder is not a built in part, nor is the
B decoder essential to the operation of television. Further it is not integral
component of the television nor it is treated as part of the television in the
common usage and practice. We, therefore, accept the interpretation given
by the Canadian Tribunal in Jonie International Inc (supra). The only
reason given by the Tribunal that it is an essential part of the satellite
C receiver and, therefore, it would be classifiable under Heading 8529 does
not appear to be correct for the above reasons.
20. We have already extensively quoted from the Canadian decision.
In our considered opinion the last three decisions and more particularly,
D the decision in the case of Sta~ Choice Television Network Inc. (supra)
would be apposite decision in the present matter. In view of this we
proceed to set aside the order of the Tribunal and restore that of the·
Commissioner of Appeals. However, in the circumstances of the case,
there will be no order as to costs.
E D.G. Appeal dismissed.