COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, BOMBAYversusM/S. BANQUE NATIONALE DE-PARIS

A              COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, BOMBAY
                                v.
                  MIS. BANQUE NATIONALE DE-PARIS

                                 MARCH 21, 1997

B               [S.C. AGRAWAL AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.)

           Super Profits Tax Act, 1963/Super Profits Act, 1963/Income Tax Act,
    1961-Clauses VI and X of Rule 1 of the First Schedule-Section 14-Clauses
    VI and X of Rule 1 of the First Schedule-Income de1ived by the non-resident
C   company as interest from the govemment secwitie~Held: 77ie amount would
    be included for computing chargeable profits in accordance with clause VI of
    Rule I of the Fii:H Schedule of the Super Profits Tax Act, the same being an
    income liable to tax under the head "income from interest on secwities" under
    Section 14 of the Income Tax Act. 77ie character and incidence oftliat income
D   is not altered merely because it is eamed by a non-resident company-Hence
    Clause X of Rule I would not be allracted and the amount would not be
    deducted for the pwpose computing chargeable profits.

          The assessee, a 'non-resident' company challenged the super profits
    tax assessment made by the department including the amount received by
E   it towards government securities, contending that the assessee was entitled
    to exclusion of the amount in computing chargeable profits in accordance
    with clause X Rule 1 of the First Schedule of the Super profits Tax Act,
    1963. The assessee also claimed deduction of the entire amount of interest
    received by it during the relevant period on advances given to the Indian
    concern. The Super Profit Tax Officer rejected both the claims. On appeal
F   the Assistant Appellate Commissioner accepted the claims of the assessee
    with certain modifications.

           The department filed appeal before the Tribunal contending that
    clause X Rule 1 of the First Schedule would not apply to the interest on
G   government securities and it would fall under Clause VI of Rule 1 of the
    first Schedule. The Tribunal rejected the contention holding that interest
    received by a non-resident company either from government or local
    authority or any Indian concern would be deductible under Clause X of
    the Rule 1 of the First Schedule and dismissed the appeal.

H         On reference, the High Court also answered the questions in favour
                                         216
                 C.I.T. v. BANQUE NATIONALE DE-PARIS                  217

of the assessee. Hence the present appeal by the Revenue. But the Revenue    A
did not press at the time of final hearing, the second question regarding
deduction of the amount of interest earned by the assessee on advances
given to. Indian concern.

        Allowing the appeal, this Court
                                                                             B
       HELD : 1. In the matter of computation of chargeable profits of the
assessee for the purpose of levy of super profits tax under the provisions
of Super Profits Tax Act, 1963 from the total income of the assessee, the
assessee would be entitled to the adjustment of the amount received as
interest on securities derived from any security of the Central Government   C
or the State Government as per Clause VI of Rule 1 of the First Schedule
of the Super Profits Tax Act in as much as the said amount is "interest on
securities" which was in force at the relevant period and not under Clause
X of Rule 1 of the First Schedule of the Act as held by the High Court.
Clause X provides for an additional deduction to be made in case of a
non-resident company if the said company has derived any income by way       D
of interest which it received from government or local authority or any
Indian concern which is not covered by Clause VI. The Income derived by
the assessee as interest from the government securities being an income
liable for tax under the head "income derived by the assessee as interest
from the government securities" being an income liable for tax. Under the    E
head "Income from the interest on securities" under section 14, of the
Income Tax Act, the character and incidence of that income is not altered
merely because it is earned by a non- resident company. [225-D-F; B-C]

      United Commercial Bank Ltd. v. CIT, West Bengal, ITR (1957) 688,
referred to.                                                                 F

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 6087 of
1983.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 30.1.79 of the Bombay High            G
Court in l.T.R. No. 86 of 1970.

     Dr. V. Gauri Shankar, C. Radha Krishna, B.S. Ahuja and B. Krishna
Prasad for the Appellant.

        S. Ganesh, Mrs. AK. Verma, for JBD & Co., for the Respondent         H
    218                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (1997) 3 S.C.R.

A         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          PATIAi'IAIK, J. : This appeal by special leave is against the judg-
    ment of the Bombay High Court in Income Tax Reference No. 86 of 1970.
    At the instance of the Revenue on an application being filed under Section
    256 (1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, the Tribunal referred the following
B   two question to the High Court for being answered and the High Court
    answered both the questions in the affirmative in favour of the assessee
    and against the Revenue. The two questions are :-

            "(1) Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case,
c           income by way of any "interest on securities" received from Govern-
            ment could be excluded in the computation of chargeable profits
            in terms of Clause (x) of Rule 1 of the First Schedule to the Super
            Profits Tax Act, 1963.

            (2) Whether, on the fact and in the circumstances of the case, the
D           Tribunal was right in holding that only the proportionate interest
            of Rs. 5,19,804 on borrowings should be deducted from the interest
            amount of Rs. 12,93,828 received by the assessee from the Indian
            concerns, and not the whole of the interest amount of Rs. 10,12,252
            paid by the assessee to various parties in order to determine the
            net interest income for the purposes of exclusion from the char-
E
            geable profits in terms of Clause (x) of Rule 1 of the First Schedule
            to the Super Profits Tax Act, 1963."

          The short facts leading to the questions being referred are that the
    assessee M/s. Banque Nationale De-Paris is a non-resident company and
F   admittedly it had not made any arrangement for declaration of payment of
    dividends in India during the calendar year 1961. A sum of Rs. 2, 18,802/-
    which the assessee had received towards interest on securities had been
    included in the assessee's total income for the purpose of assessment. The.
    assessee's contention was that the Super Profits Tax assessment made by
    the Departmental Authority is erroneous as the assessee was entitled to
G   exclusion of the aforesaid interest amount in computing the chargeable
    profits in accordance with Clause (X) Rule I of the First Schedule of the
    Super Profits Tax Act, 1963, as the entire interest amount had been
    received from the Government. Since the Super Profits Tax Officer did not
    exclude the aforesaid amount as contended by the assessee the matter was
H   carried in appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. The said
          err. v. BANQUE NATIONALE DE-PARIS [PATTA.i"IAIK, J.]             219

    Appellate Authority was of the opinion that the interest on security          A
    received from the Government was to be excluded from the chargeable
    profits for the purpose of Super Profits Tax assessment in accordance with
    Clause X of Rule I of the First Schedule of the Super Profits Tax Act but
    the said Assistant Commissioner came to the conclusion that the figure of
    income from interest on security which the assessee claimed to be deducted    B
    in computing the chargeable profits is not correct and it accordingly
    reduced the same of Rs. 18,904 in respect of interest on borrowings and
    Rs. 19,333 in r'~spect of other expenses. According to the Appellate
    Authority the net amount of interest on securities is Rs. 37,683 which
    should be excluded from the chargeable profits. The Department filed the
    appeal before the Tribunal against the aforesaid order to the Authority       C
    contending that the interest on security cannot be excluded in computing
    chargeable profits for Super Profits Tax purposes as Clause X of Rule I of
    the First schedule does not apply to the interest on government securities.
    According to Revenue the interest on securities to be excluded from the
    chargeable profits has been dealt with under Clause VI of Rule I of First     D
    Schedule and, therefore, the decision of the Appellate Authority is in
    incorrect. The Tribunal, however, rejected the contention of the Revenue
    and held that interest received by non-resident company from whatever
    source and from the Government or Local Authority or any Indian concern
    would be deductable under Clause X of Rule I of First Schedule and,
    therefore, the Appellate Authority came to the correct conclusion in law.     E
    It, therefore, dismissed the appeal filed by the Revenue and on these facts
    the first question was referred to the High Court which the High Court
    also answered in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue.

           The assessee during the relevant period had also received a sum of p
    Rs. 12,93,822 by way of interest on advances given to Indian concerns. The
    total amount of interest which the assessee received from various sources
    was Rs. 25,19,560. The assessee before the Super Profits Tax Officer had
    claimed the deduction of entire Rs. 12,93,822 which it had received by way
    of interest on advances given to Indian concerns. The Super Profits Tax
    Officer in computing the income by way of income from Indian concerns G
•   arrived at the figure of Rs. 1,16,617. The Super Profits Tax Officer was of
    the view that the interest to be excluded from the chargeable profits is the
    net amount of interest after deducting the interest which the assessee paid
    to its depositors and creditors as well as after deducting other propor-
    tionate expenses and thus the said Super Profits Tax Officer determined H
    220                  'suPREME COURT REPORTS                 [1997] 3 S.C.R.

A that the net Income by way of interest to be excluded from the chargeable
  profits on this head is Rs. 1,61,617. The assessee then carried the matter
  in appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner who came to the
  conclusion that the interest which the assessee received from Indian con-
  cerns to the extent of Rs. 12,93,828 should be reduced by that proportion
  of the interest which the assessee himself had received from Indian con-
B
  cerns bears to the total interest receipt of the assessee. According to the
  Appellate Authority such proportion would work out at Rs. 5,19,804 and
  the proportionate expenses is Rs. 5,51,207 which together would work out
  at Rs 10,71,011 and this amount should be deducted from the gross interest
  receipts of Rs. 12,93,828 and, therefore, the Appellate Authority worked
C out the net. amount of interest received by the assessee from Indian
  concerns at Rs. 2,22,817 which amount should be excluded from the
  chargeable profits. Against the aforesaid decision the Revenue felt ag-
  grieved and carried the matter in second appeal. The Tribunal came to the
  conclusion that the formula adopted by the Appellate Assistant Commis-
D sioner was extremely fair. and no exception could be taken to it and
  ultimately did not interfere with the order of the Tribunal and on these set
  of facts and conclusions the second question was referred by the Tribunal.

        After arguing for considerable period Dr. Gauri Shanker, learned
  senior counsel appearing for the appellant did not press the second ques-
E tion and, therefore we are not required to deal with the said question in
  this appeal. Dr. Gauri Shanker, learned senior counsel appearing for the
  Revenue, however, so far as the first question is concerned, contended that
  under Section 4 of the Super Profits Tax Act, a Super Profit Tax is to be
  charged on every company on the amount on which the chargeable profits
F of the provious year exceeds the standard deduction at the rate specified
  in the Illrd Schedule. The chargeable profit has been defined under
  Section 2 (5) to mean to total income of an assessee computed under the
  Income Tax Act, 1961, for any previous year and adjusted in accordance
  with the provisions of the 'First Schedule. First Schedule provides the rules
  for computing the chargeable profits and in marking such computation its
G stipulates that while computing the total income for the year in question
  under Income Tax Act certain amount as indicated in different clauses of
  Rule I are to the excluded. Rule I therefore provides :

             "Income, profits and gains and other sums falling within the fol-
H            lowing clauses shall be excluded from such total income".......
      C.I.T. v. BANQUENATIONALEDE-PARIS[PATTANAIK,J.]                 221

      Since Clause VI indicates that the income chargeable under the A
Income Tax Act under the head "interest on security" it is that clause which·
is applicable and not Clause X as has been applied by the Appellate
Authority and confirmed by the Tribunal and even the High Court has
answered the question framed in favour of the assessee.

      Mr. Ganesh, learned counsel appearing for the assessee on the other B
hand contended that the assessee being a non-resident company and
Clause X having made it clear that income by way of any interest which
the company receives from any government or local authority or Indian
concern, it is Clause X that would apply and, therefore, the High Court
has not committed any error in answering the question posed in favour of C
the assessee. For better appreciation of point in issue it will be appropriate
to extract Clauses VI and X in extenso:-

        "(vi) income chargeable under the Income Tax Act under the head
        "interest on securities" derived from any security of the Central
        Government issued or declared to be income-tax free or from any D
        security of a State Government issued income-tax free, the income-
        tax whereon is payable by the State Government;

        (x) in the case of a non-resident company which has not made the
        prescribed arrangements for the declaration and payment of E
        dividends within India, its income by way of any interest or fees
        for rendering technical services received from Government or a
        local authority or any Indian concern;"

       The question that arises for consideration, therefore, is that in com-
puting the chargeable profits of the assessee of a previous year from the F
total income computed for the year under the Income Tax Act the adjust-
ment would be made in the case of the assessee in accordance with Clause
VI or Clause X. According to Mr. Ganesh, the learned counsel appearing
for the respondent the expression "any interest" in Clause X is of widest
ambit and cover every type of income by way of interest of a non-resident
company and in that view of the matter there is no justification to give a G
restrictive meaning to the aforesaid expression "any interest" to mean
interest other than those covered under Clause VI. The learned counsel
also urged that the Court in interpreting a particular provisions of a statute
need not add or subtracted words into it if the meaning of the provision is
clear and it is only when there is an ambiguity or absurdity in giving plain H
    222                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [1997] 3 S.C.R.

A meaning of a words statute it will be permissible for a Court to add words
 • into it. This being the principle of iterpretation and there being no am-
   biguity in Clause X it would not be permissible for the Court to interpret
   the said Clause X by inserting the words "other than the interest" on
   securities derived from any security of the Central Government or State
   Government after the expression "any interest" in Clause X. According to
B Mr. Ganesh, learned counsel Clause X being a specific clause dealing with
   the case of a non-resident company the said clause should apply and not
   the general clause in Clause VI. Dr. Gauri Shanker, learned senior counsel
   appearing for the Revenue on the other hand contended, that Rule I of
   Schedule II of Super Profits Tax Act provides the method of computing
C the chargeable profits of an assessee of a previous years and while the total
   income for the previous year under the Income Tax Act is taken into
   account for determining the chargeable profits certain sums falling within
   different clauses or Rule I are to be excluded. When Clause VI specifically
   provides that the income chargeable under the Income Tax Act under the
D head "Interest on security" derived from any security of the Central
   Government or State ~overnment then even in case of a non-resident
   company the computat on has to be made in accordance with the said
   Clause, so far as the j erest received on government securities are con-
   cerned and Clause X would apply only in respect of other income by way
   of interest for the non-resident company not covered under Clause VI.
E According to Dr. Gauri Shankar, the learned senior counsel appearing for
   the appellant, the emphasis is on the head from which the income 1s
   derived and not on the status of the assessee.

          Having com;idered the rival submissions we find considerable force
    m the argument advanced by the learned counsel appearing for the
F   Revenue. Under Chapter IV of the Income Tax Act the total income of an
    assessee is computed and under Section 14 there are only five heads of
    income, namely:-

          A. Salaries;
G
          B. Interest on securitie~;

          C. Income from house property;

H         Q. Profits and gains of business or professions;
            C.l.T. v. BANQUENATIONALEDE-PARIS[PATTANAIK,J.]                     223

---         E. Capital gains; and                                                     A
            F. Income from other sources.

            Head B has been omitted by Finance Act 1988 with effect from 1A.S9
      but was there during the relevant period with which we are concerned in
      the present case. Section 18, as it stood, deals with "interest on securities" . B
      and it provided that the amounts due to assessee in the previous year shall
      be chargeable to income-tax under the head "interest on securities'' are:

               (i) interest on a security of the Central or State Government;

              (ii) interest on debentures or other securities for money issued by     c
              or on behalf of the local authority or company or corporation
              established by the Central, State or Provincial Acts.

             When Clause VI of Rule I of the First Schedule of Super Profits Tax
      Act stipulates that the income chargeable under the Income Tax Act under D
      the head "interest on securities"derived from any security of the Central
      Government or a State Government, it is therefore, necessarily referable
      to Section 14(b) so far as the head of income is concerned, and section 18
      so far as the type of securities, interest from which has to be computed in
      arriving at the income of the assessee. It does not make any distinction
      between a non-resident company or any other individual assessee. That E
      being the position in allowing adjustment in computing the chargeable
      profits of a previous year of an essessee from the total income computed
      for the year under the income tax Act what would be deducted so far as
      interest on security derived from the Central Government or State Govern-
      ment is concerned is in accordance with Clause VI of Rule I of First F
      Schedule to the Super Profits Tax Act and Clause X of the said Rule I of
      the First Schedule has no application. Clause X provides for an additional
      deduction to be made in case of a non-resident company if the said
      company had derived any income by way or interest which it received from
      government or local authority or any Indian concern which is not covered .
      by Clause VI. In the case of United Commercial Bank Ltd. v. Commissioner G
      of Income-Tax, West Bengal 32 Income Tax Reports 1957 page 688; the
      question for consideration before this Court was whether income from
      interest on security would fall under Section 8 or under Section 10 of the
      Income Tax Act, 1922? This Court constructed Section 8, 10 and 24(2) of
      the Income Tax Act, 1922, and held that Since the purchase and sale of H
    224                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [1997) 3 S.C.R.

A security was a business of the assessee, the assessee would be entitled to a
    setoff under Section 24 (2) of the Act. Under the Income Tax Act, 1922
    income from interest on security was under Sect:Jn 8 and income from
    "profits and gains" of business was under Section 10 and the question arose
    as to where Banker holds securities as part of his trading business in the
    course of his business and derives interest therefrom then under which
B   head the same would fall. It is text context this Court observed :-

            "The head of income of which the source is "interest on securities"
            has its characteristics for income-tax purposes and falls under the
            specific head covered by section 8 of the Act, and where an item
c           falls specifically under one head it has to be charged under that
            head and no other. This interpretation follows from the words used
            in sections 6, 8 and 10 which must be read so as to give effect to
            the contract between "income, profits and gains" chargeable under
            the head "interest on securities" and "income, profits and gains"
            chargeable under the head ''business". Thus on this construction
D           the various head of "income, profits and gains" must be held to be
            mutually exclusive, each head being specific to cover the item
            arising from a particular source. It cannot, therefore. be said that
            qua the assessee in the present case and for the purpose of
            securities held by it, section 8 is more specific and section 10
E           general or vice versa, and therefore no question of the applicability
            of the principle generalia specialibus non derogant arises. This
            finds support from the decided cases which have been discussed
            above. Thus both on precedent and on a proper construction, the
            source of income "interest on securities" would fall under section
            8 and not under section 10 as it is specifically made chargeable
F
            under the distinct head "interest on securities" falling under section
            8 of the Act and cannot be brought under a different head even
            though the securities are held as a trading as set in the course of
            its business by a banker."

G         Though this case is not a direct authority on the question of inter-
    pretation of Rule I of the First Schedule to the Super Profits Tax Act, 1963,
    but the principles therein would apply with full force and, therefore, the
    income under the head "interest on security" derived from security of the
    Central or. the State Government having fallen under the head under
H   Section 14(B) of the Income Tax Act as it stood then, as well as under
       C.I.T. v. BANQUE NATIONALE DE-PARIS [PATTANAIK, J.]             225

  Section 18 (b) of the said Income Tax Act as it stood at the relevant point A
  of time, when the question of computation of chargeable profits of a
  previous year under the Super Profits Tax Act crops up, then the adjust-
  ment as provided under Clause VI of Rule I of the said First Schedule has
  to be made from the total income computed for the said year under the
  Income Tax Act for the purpose of levy of super tax. The Appellate B
  Assistant Commissioner, the Tribunal and the High Court have committed
  error in holding that Clause X of Rule I of the First Schedule to the Super
. Profits Tax Act would apply. The Income which is derived by the assessee
  as interest from the government securities being an income liable for tax
  under the head "income from the interest on securities" under Section 14
  of the Indian Income Tax Act, the character and incidence of that income C
  is not altered merely because it is earned by a non-resident company.

      In the aforesaid premises we are of the considered opinion that in
the matter of computation of the chargeable profits of the assessee for the
purpose of levy of super profits tax under the provisions of the Super
Profits Tax Act, 1963 from the total income of the assessee computed for D
the year in question under the Income-Tax Act he would be entitled to the
adjustment of the amount received as interest on securities derived from
any security of the Central Government or the State Government as per
Clause VI of Rule I of the First Schedule inasmuchas the said amount is
Chargeable under the Income Tax Act under the head "interest on E
securities" which was in force at the relevant period and not under Clause
X of Rule I of First Schedule of the Super Profits Tax Act as held by the
High Court. The impugned judgment of the High Court is accordingly set
aside and the first question posed by the Tribunal is answered in favour of
the Revenue and against the assessee. The appeal is accordingly allowed.
                                                                             F
H.K.                                                      Appeal allowed.