D.D.AversusMAHENDER SINGH & ANR

                          [2009] 4 S. C. R 788


A                               0.0.A.
                                   v
                    MAHENOER SINGH & ANR
                   Civil Appeal No. 1751 of 2009
                          MARCH 20, 2009
B
     [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND ASOK KUMAR GANGULY,
                           JJ.]
          Constitution of India, 1950 - Article 226 - Land
    Acquisition Act, 1894 - ss. 28 and 34- Writ petition - Direction
c   to pay statutory interest uls. 34 of 1894 Act for acquisition of
    land in terms of award by High Court - Justification of - Held:
    There is no scope for direction to pay interest while exercising
    ;urisdiction under Article 226, in a manner not contemplated
    either u/s. 28 ors. 34 - Thus, order of High Court set aside.
0
       The question which arose for consideration in these
  appeals was whether the High Court in exercise of its
  jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India
  was justified in directing the appellant-ODA and others to
  pay statutory interest u/s. 34 of the Land Acquisition Act,
E 1894 to the claimants for the acquisition of land in terms
  of the award.
         Allowing the appeals, the Court
        HELD: The Land Acquisition Act is a complete Code
F and lays down detailed procedure for acquisition of land,
  payment of compensation including solatium and
  additional market value. Under section 34 interest @ 9%
  from the date of taking over the possession till payment
  for the first year @ 15% for subsequent years is payable.
G Section 28 empowers the Court to award interest on the
  excess amount awarded over and above the amount
                                                                       ..
  awarded by the Collector. Apart from sections 28 and 34
  which deal with payment of interest to persons entitled to

H                                788
                           0.0.A. V. MAHENDER SINGH & ANR.                789


               receive compensation, there is no other provision A
               envisaging payment of interest. Collector, Land
               Acquisition is liable to pay interest on statutory rates to
               such persons only when possession has been taken over
               before the payment of the entire compensation to them
               under section 34. While exercising jurisdiction under 8
               Article 226 of the Constitution there is no scope for
               direction to pay interest in a manner not contemplated by
               either section 28 or 34 of the Act. The impugned judgment
               of High Court are set aside. [Paras 5, 7, 9 and 10] [ 790-G-
               H; 794-A-B; 793-C-D]
                                                                                 c
                    Net Ram and Anr v. Union of India and Ors. 86 (2000)
               DLT 606; Union of India v. Budh Singh 1995 (6) SCC 233;
               State of Himachal Padesh v. Dharam Das 1995 (5) SCC 683;
               Union of India v. Dhanwanti Devi and Ors. 1996 (5) SCC 44;
               Ashok Nagar Plot Holders Association v. State of UP 1997
      (        (10) sec 77 - referred to.                                 0

                                     Case Law Reference
                     86 (2000) DLT 606        Referred to        Para 3
                     1995 (6) sec 233         Referred to        Para 7
                                                                                 E
                     1996 (5) sec 44          Referred to        Para 8

          ,          1997 (10) sec 11         Referred to        Para 8
                    .CIVILAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1751
               of 2009                                                           F
                    From the Judgement and Order dated 25.05.2006 of the
               Hon'ble High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in W.P. (C) Nos. 22881
               of 2005.
                                           WITH
..)
          ..                                                                     G
                    Civil Appeal No. 1752 of 2009
                    Civil Appeal No. 1753 of 2009
                    A. Sharma, ASG, Vishnu B. Saharaya (for Saharya & Co.),
               for the Appellants.                                               H
    790       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2009] 4 S.C.R.


A         Satpal Singh, N.S. Vashisht, Vishal, Kanchan Kaur Dhobi,
    for the Respondent.

          The Judgement of the Court was delivered by
          DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.
B         1. Leave granted.

        2. Challenge in these appeals is to the judgment of a
  Division Bench of the Delhi High Court allowing the Writ
  Petitions filed by respondents· under Article 226 of the
c Constitution of India, 1950 (in short the 'Constitution'). Prayer in
  the writ petitions was to direct the present appellant to make
  payment of statutory interest under Section 34 of the Land
  Acquisition Act, 1894 (in short the 'Act') for the acquisition of
  the land in terms of the award No.3/1997-98 dated 10.12.1997.
D The appellant resisted the claim on the ground that such a prayer
  cannot be accepted in the writ petitions. The High Court,
  however, held that the writ applications were to be allowed.
  Accordingly, it directed the respondents in the writ petitions
  including the present appellant to pay the interest payable to
E the claimants in terms of Section 34 of the Act and pay costs of
  Rs.10,000/-.
          3. In support of the appeals, learned counsel for the
    appellant submitted that the direction given by the High Court is
    clearly contrary to a Full Bench judgment of the Delhi High Court
F   in Net Ram and Anr v. Union of India and Ors. (86 (2000) DLT
    606).
       4. Learned counsel for the respondents on the other hand
  supported the judgment and submitted that in the background
  of public accountability which has been highlighted by the High        ,
G Court, the relief has been rightly granted.
        5. The Act is a complete Code and lays down detailed
  procedure for acquisition of land, payment of compensation
  including solatium and additional market value. It is to be noted
H that under Section 34 interest @9% from the date of taking over
                       D.D.A. V MAHENDER SINGH & ANR.                  791
                             [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

            the possession till payment for the first year @15% for A
            subsequent years is payable. Section 28 is the only other
            provision which deals with the award of interest. The said
            provision empowers the Court to award interest on the excess
            amount awarded over and above the amount awarded by the
            Collector.                                                   B
                 6. Sections 28 and 34 read as follows:
                 "28. Collector may be directed to pay interest on excess
                 compensation-If the sum which in the opinion of the court,
                 the Collector ought to have awarded as compensation is c
                 in excess of the sum which ·the Collector did award as
                 compensation, the award of the Court may direct that the
                 Collector shall pay interest on such excess at the rate of
                 (nine percentum) per annum from the date on which he
                 took possession of the land to the date of payment of such
                                                                            D
                 excess into Court.
                 34. Payment of interest~ When the amount of such
                 compensation is not paid or deposited on or before taking
                 possession of the land, the Collector shall pay the amount
                 awarded with interest thereon at the rate of nine per centum E
                 per annum from the time of so taking possession until it
                 shall have been so paid or deposited. (Provided that if
      •          such compensation or any part thereof is not paid or
                 deposited within a period of one year from the date on
                 which possession is taken, interest at the rate of 15% per F
                 annum shall be payable from that date of expiry of the said
                 period of one year on the amount of compensation or part
                 thereof which has not been paid or deposited before the
                 date of such expiry."
__,   ...         7. There is no dispute that apart from Sections 28 and 34 G
            which deal with payment of interest to persons entitled to receive
            compensation, there is no other provision envisaging payment
            of interest. Collector, Land Acquisition is liable to pay interest
            on statutory rates to such persons only when possession has
            been taken over before the payment of the entire compensation H
    792        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2009] 4 S.C.R.


A to them under Section 34. In Union of India v. Budh Singh (1995
  (6) SCC 233,) this Court had the occasion to deal with Sections
  28 and 34 and it was observed that these were the only
  provisions which deal with the payment of interest to land owners.
  While considering the scope and ambit of the Sections, this
B Court observed:
          "Thus, it could be seen that the statute covers the entire
          field of operation of the liability of the State to make payment
          of interest and entitlement thereof by the owner when land
          has been taken over and possession in consequence
C         thereof, the land owner was deprived of the enjoyment
          thereof. Thus, it could be seen that the Court has no power
          to impose any condition to pay interest in excess of the
          rate and manner prescribed by the statute as well as for
          a period anterior to the publication of Section 4(1)
D         notification under this Act."
          8. Similar view was expressed in State of Himachal
    Pradesh v. Dharam Das (1995 (5) SCC 683). It was held that
    when the statute provides for payment of interest to the land
    owners, a Court has no power to award interest in a manner
E   other than the one prescribed by the statute. It was specifically
    observed that there is no other provision empowering the Court
    to award interest on equitable ground as equitable consideration
    has no role to play in determination of the compensation and
                                                                             ..
    the manner of awarding interest as enjoined under the Act. The
F   same has to be administered in the manner laid in the Act and
    in no other way. As a concomitance, the equity jurisdiction of
    the court is taken out and the Act enjoins the Court to grant
    interest as per the statutory rates specified in the Act. A plea
    was taken in a case before this Court in a matter relating to
G   Jammu and Kashmir Requisitioning and Acquisition of
    Immovable Property Act, 1968 which omitted provision for
    payment of solatium and interest, that in spite of the absence of
    the provision for solatium and interest in the said Act, the State
    was bound to pay solatium and interest to the land owners on
H   equitable grounds. This Court negatived the contention. It was
                 D.D.A. V MAHENDER SINGH & ANR.                     793
                       [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

•   observed that there was no substance in the plea that by A
    legislative omission to pay solatium the State enriches itself
    unjustly at the expense of the private party. (See Union of India
    v. Dhanwanti Devi and Ors. (1996 (5) SCC 44). In Ashok Nagar
    Plot Holders Association v. State of U .P. (1997 (10) SCC 77)
    this Court again observed that liability to pay interest to the B
    claimant arises only in accordance with Section 34 of the Act.
    As the Act is a self-contained Code, common law principles of
    justice, equity and good conscience cannot be extended in
    awarding interest, contrary to or beyond provisions of the statute.

           9. In view of what has been indicated above, the conclusion C
    is irresistible that while exercising jurisdiction under Article 226
    of the Constitution there is no scope for direction to pay interest
    in a manner not contemplated by either Section 28 or 34.

         10. In view of the above the appeals deserve to be allowed
                                                                    0
•   which we direct. The impugned judgments of the High Court
    are set aside.

    N.J.                                            Appeals allowed.