Holding

AIIMS is not a "University established by law" and therefore cannot nominate a member under Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act, although "State" includes Union Territories.

Summary

Dr. S, a professor at AIIMS, was a member of the Dental Council under Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act, 1948. After his retirement, AIIMS nominated Har! Prakash to fill the vacancy, but the Council terminated his membership, holding that AIIMS was not a "University established by law" and thus could not nominate a member. The High Court allowed the writ petition, treating AIIMS as a deemed university and reading "State" to include Union Territories. On appeal, the Supreme Court held that while "State" does include Union Territories under the General Clauses Act, AIIMS, created by a special parliamentary act, is not a university established by law; the phrase "University established by law" must be given its literal meaning and cannot be expanded by purposive interpretation. Consequently, the High Court’s liberal construction was erroneous, but the respondent's term had already expired, rendering the petition infructuous. The appeal was allowed.

Issues considered

Whether the term "State" in Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act includes Union Territories.
Whether AIIMS, established under the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Act, 1956, qualifies as a "University established by law" within the meaning of Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act.
Whether the Academic Committee and Governing Body of AIIMS can be treated as the Senate and Court of a university for the purpose of representation on the Dental Council.
Whether a purposive or liberal construction can be employed to expand the meaning of "University established by law" to include AIIMS.

Legislation cited

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Act, 1956
Dentists Act, 1948s. 3(d)
General Clauses Act, 1897s. 58
University Grants Commission Act, 1956s. 22, s. 3

Subjects

Dentists ActSection 3(d)University established by lawUnion TerritoryAIIMSStatutory interpretationLiteral interpretationPurposive interpretationDental Council representationGeneral Clauses Act

Judgment

A DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA AND ANR.
v.
HAR! PRAKASH AND ORS.

AUGUST 29, 2001

B [S. RAJENDRA BABU AND BRIJESH KUMAR, JJ.]

Dentists Act, 1948-Section 3(d)-Representation to Dental Council from
Universities established by law in the States-Nomination of member by All
C India lnstitu.e of Medical Sciences (A/IMS) situated in Union Territory, Delhi
to the Council-Validity of-Held, State includes Union Territory-However,
Al/MS set up under an Act of Parliament is not an University established by
law in the State-All India Institute of Medical Sciences Act, 1956-University
Grants Commission Act, 1956-General Clauses Act, 1897.

D Interpretation of Statutes :

Principle of Purposive interpretation-What has not been included by
Legislature cannot be included by the Court by adopting the principle of
purposive interpretation.

E Literal Interpretation-When words used in a statute no~ ambiguous,
literal meaning has to be applied.

Dr. S, a Professor and Head of the Department of Dental Surgery in
All India Institute of Medical Science (AllMS), was elected as a member by
AllMS to appellant-Dental Council from 23.2.1991 to 22.3.1996 under the
F provisions of the Dentists Act, 1948. He retired from service in the AllMS in
the middle of his tenure in 1993. Thereafter AllMS nominated Respondent l
in place of Dr.Sas a member of the Dental Council for the unexpired period.

The Dental Council terminated the membership of Respondent l on the
ground that AIIMS was not an University established by law as per Section
G 3(d) of the Act and thus it was not entitled to nominate persons to the Dental
Council. Respondent l filed a Writ Petition before High Court challenging
the termination. High Court allowed the Writ Petition by giving a liberal
construction to section 3(d) of the Act by treating AllMS as a deemed
University under the. provisions of the University Grants Commission Act,
H 1956.
310
DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. HARi PRAKASH 311

In appeal to this Court, the Dental Council contended that AIIMS was A
not an University established by law in the State; that the expression 'State'
in section 3(d) of the DentistsAct does not cover Union Territory Delhi where
the AIIMS is situated; that AIIMS, being situated in an Union Territory, can
secure representation in the Dental Council only through nomination by
Central Government under section 3(1) of the Dentists Act; and that AIIMS B
was not even a deemed University under Section 3 of the University Grants
Commission Act, 1956.

The Respondent l contended that Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act must
be liberally construed to treat AIIMS as University and its Academic
Committee and Governing Body as the Senate and the Court of the University C
respectively since the medical degree granted by AIIMS are recognised by
the Dentists Act; and that ;he word 'State' under section 3(d) also includes
Union Territory in terms of section 3(58) of the General Clauses Act, 1897.

AllMS contended that Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act is intended to
have a representation of all the teaching institutions in. the country, which D
includes AIIMS being an institution of national importance.

Allowing the appeal, the Court

HELD: I.I. The Dentists Act, 1948 is 1'.pre-constitutional enactment
and·has its ~pplication iri the post-constitutional era also. The General Clauses E
Ad, 1897 read witl: the scheme of the Dentists Act will make it clear that the
expression 'State' used in Section 3(d) of the Act would include a Union
territory also. [319-B, DJ

1.2. The scheme of Section 3 of the Dentists Act, 1948 is to provide for
wide representation for different constituencies to the Dental Council. The F
Act covers various institutions and Universities over which it has control under
its various provisions in relation to qualification and discipline as well as those
who practice after obtaining the necessary qualification in dentistry. There
are various institutions in India besides Universities established by law which
are empowered to confer or grant degrees and diplomas and AllMS is one G
such institution. AIIMS cannot be said to be an 'University established by
law' under Section 3 (d) of the Dentists Act on the mere fact that it is
empowered under the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Act, 1956 to
confer degrees or diplomas. [319-D, F; 320-H; 321-AJ

- i.I. The expression used in Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act is not just H
312 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A an 'University' but an 'University established by law' and the expression
'University' cannot be divorced from the following words 'established by law'.
Entire expression 'University established by law' constitutes one concept which
is indicated in Section 22 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 also.
Hence, the construction of the expression used in the Dentists Act with
reference to dictionaries is not called for. Such a course will result in either
B omission of words in the Act such as 'established by law' or to add different
words which is not permissible in the language of the Act. What is not included
by the legislature cannot be undone by the Court by adopting the principle
of purposive interpretation. 1321-C, D; E, GJ

C 3.1. If Parliament had intended that all categories of institutions which
impart dental education will be covered by Section 3(d) of the Dentists Act,
then it would not have stated an 'University established by law' imparting
dental education could send its representative to the Council. The object of
Section 3(d) of the Act is to provide representation to an 'University established
by law'. To give any other meaning would strain the meaning of the expression
D 'University established by law'. To treat any other institution empowered by
an Act of Parliament to confer or grant or grant degrees at par with an
'University established by law' for the purpose of representation to the Dental
Council would be contrary to the intention of the Parliament 1321-H; 322-A-BI

3.2. The intention of the legislature is primarily to be gathered from
E the language used in the statue i.e. paying attention to what has been said
and to what has not been said. When the words used in the statute are not
ambiguous, literal meaning has to be applied, which is the golden rule of
interpretation. 1321-B)

Ram Kishore Sen and Ors. v. Union ofIndia and Ors., (1966) 1SCR430,
F
referred to.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 14743 of
1996.

G From the Judgment and Order dated 3.7.96 of the Delhi High Court in
C.W.P. No. 2859 of 1995.

P.P. Rao, Maninder Singh, A. Mariarputham, Ms. Pratibha M. Singh,
Ms. Kavita Wadia and Ms. Aruna Mathur for the Appellants.

Vikas Singh and Lakshmi Raman Singh for the Respondent No. I.
H
DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. HARi PRAKASH [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 313
R.N. Trivedi, Additional Solicitor General, Mukul Gupta, T.A. Khan, A
S.K. Dwivedi and Ms. Mukta Gupta for the Respondent No. 3.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

RAJENDRA BABU, J. I.I. The facts leading to this appeal are as
follows : B
1.1. Dr. Sidhu, Professor & Head of the Department of Dental Surgery,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences [for brevity 'AIIMS'] was a member
of the Dental Council ['Council' for brevity] under Section 3(d) of the Dentists
Act, 1948 ['the Act' for brevity] for the period between 23.2.1991 to 22.3.1996.
He having retired from the services of the AIIMS in 1993, to fill up the said C
vacancy respondent No. I was stated to have been elected by the Dental
Faculty of the AIIMS, which was approved by the Chairman, Academic
Committee and his name was forwarded to the Council as member of the
Counci I representing the AIIMS for the unexpired period of Dr. Sidhu's
nomination. A communication was sent by the Acting President of the Council D
that respondent No. I has not been elected by the members of the Senate or
the Court and the AIIMS has no Senate or Court and his membership to the
Council as representative of the AIIMS was being terminated and his name
would stand deleted and that AIIMS was not also eligible to send its elected
representative to the Council. Aggrieved by that action, a writ petition was
filed before the High Court. The stand of respondent No. I is that the medical E
degrees granted by the AIIMS are recognise.d as medical qualifications for
the purpose of the Act and has been included in the Schedule to the Act as
recognised dental qualification within the meaning of Section 20) of the Act;
that the provisions of Section 3(d) of the Act must be liberally construed in
such a manner as to treat AllMS as a University and the Academic Committee F
of the AIIMS as the Senate of the University and the Governing Body as
Court of the University within the meaning of the said Section. On behalf of
the Council, contention put forth is that respondent No. I could not be elected
under the provisions of Section 3(d) of the Act as AII MS cannot be treated
to be a University established by law in any State; that the language of
Section 3(d) of the Act is clear and unambiguous and there is no scope for G
interpreting the same except as it is stated therein. The High Court,. on the
contentions raised, formulated the question as to whether AIIMS is a
'University' and its Academic Committee a 'Senate' or Governing Members
a 'Court' within the meaning of Section 3(d) of the Act. ·

1.2. The High Court noticed that the Act is a pre-constitutional Act and H
314 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A when the Act came into force, there were hardly three institutions in the
country, one at Lucknow, the second at Amritsar and the third at Bombay,
which imparted dental education. It is only much later other institutions took
up dental education. The High Court, after making a detailed reference to the
provisions of the AIIMS Act, held that if the provisions of Section 3(d) of
.B the Act are applied as the language stands, the nomination of respondent
No. I to the Council cannot be stated to be valid because: (I) AIIMS cannot
be said to have been established by law as a 'University'; and (2) respondent
No. I was not elected either by members of the Senate or the Court from
amongst the members of the Dental or Medical Faculty of the University.

C 1.3. Thereafter, the High Court went on to state as to in what
circumstances liberal. construction should be adopted and particularly when
the expression 'University' had not been defined its etymological meaning
could be adopted. By analysing Section 3(d) of the Act and various provisions
of the AIIMS Act, the High Court concluded as follows:

D " ......... one of the main objects being to develop patterns of teaching
in under-graduate and post-graduate medical education, whkh includes
establishment of dental college for the purpose of dencistry and for
the practical training of the students in those branches of medical
education; and above all the recognition of the post-graduate decree
awarded by the AIIMS as recognised dental qualification as defined
E in Section 2(g) of the Act by its inclusion in the Schedule to the Act,
we feel that it is a fit case where the doctrine of reading down needs
to be applied to interpret Section 3(d) of the Act to treat the AIIMS
as a deemed University because, though not technically established
as a University, it apparently has, for the purpose of the Act, all the
F trappings of a University, and to equate the Academic Committee of
the AIIMS with the Senate of a University and the Governing Body
as the Court of the University for the purpose of Section 3(d) of the
Act. We are of the view that if Section 3(d) of the Act is given literal
and narrow interpretation it would be contrary to the apparent purpose
for which the Act was enacted. There seems to be no reason why the
G expertise of the AIIMS, which imparts post-graduate training and
degree in this branch of medical science, duly recognised by the
Council, could not be made use of by the Council to advance the
object of the legislation by its representation in the Council."

1.4. On that basis, the High Court held that the action of the appellant
H is wrong and allowed the writ petition. Against this order this appeal is
DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. HAR! PRAKASH [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 315
preferred. A
1.5. Shri P.P. Rao, learned Senior Advocate appearing for the appellant,
raised a preliminary point that the writ petition filed before the High Court
was only in relation to nomination of respondent No. I to the Council and his
term having come to an end on 3.1.1996, there was no occasion for the High
Court to decide the matter on July 23, 1996. As the period for which respondent B
No. I was nominated had lapsed, the petition should have been disposed of
as having become infructuous. We do not think the High Court was not
justified in deciding the contentions raised in the case although the occasion
to consider this question was in the context of election of respondent No. I
under Section 3(d) of the Act. The appellant objected to sending a C
representative from AIIMS to the Council itself on grounds indicated earlier
in the course of this order, goes to the root of the matter and is likely to recur
often and on. Therefore. that contention need not detain us any further and
is rejected.

2. Shri P.P .Rao further contended as follows :
D
2.1. The High Court did not apply its mind to the various clauses in
Section 3 but only looked at clause (d) thereof. On a reading of the
entire Section 3 it will be clear that there is a clear distinction between
'States' and ·Union Territories'. So far as Union Territories are
concerned a special provision is made in clause (f) of Section 3 for E
the nomination of members by the Central Government of whom at
least one shall be a registered dentist duly quaiified and practising or
holding an appointment in an institution for the training of Dentists
in a Union Territory.

2.2 All India Institute of Medical Sciences is established under Section F
3 of the 1956 Act. It is declared to be an Institution of Nationid
Importance but not stated to be a University. It does not have the
democratic structure of a University like thr Academic council, the
Executive Council and the Court or the Senate, the Syndicate etc
vide Sections 4 and I 0 of the Act. It has the power to grant degrees
and medical diplomas under Section 24 of the All India Institute of G
Medical Sciences Act, 1956 [for brevity ·ABMS Act']. The degrees
and diplomas awarded by the Institute enjoy statutory recognition in
view of Section 23 of the AIIMS Act.
2.3. The concept of deemed university was incorporated in the UGC
Act, 1956. The AIIMS is not a deemed university within the meaning H
316 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A of (Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956) and is not subject to the UGC.
The~efore the word "University" used in the Dentists Act, 1948 could
not have been intended to cover an institution like All India Institute
of Medical Sciences which was not in existence when the Act was
made in 1948.

B 2.4. The High Court erred in over looking the requirements of Section
3(d) viz. that the University should be one established by law in a
State and it should have a Senate, or Court. The AIIMS has no Senate
or a Court. The person to be elected should be a member of the
Dental Faculty of the University and if there is no Dental Faculty
then he should be the member of the Medical Faculty. In the AIIMS
c there is no Senate or Court but only a governing body and other
committees. There is no Dental Faculty or a Medical Faculty as such,
as in the AIIMS, the entire institute being a medical institute, to
attract clause (d) of Section 3.

2.5. On a correct interpretation of Section 3, the AIIMS can secure
D
representation in the Dental Council only under clause (f) as and
when the Central Government chooses to nominate a Member of the
Department of Dentistry of the AllMS and not under clause (d) of
Section 3.

E 2.6. The principle of· reading down' has no application at all to this
case.

2.7. Shri R.N. Trivedi, learned Additional Solicitor General for India
appearing for AIIMS, submitted that the AIIMS Act had been enacted
pursuant to Entry 63 or 64 of List I of the Seventh Schedule to the
F Constitution of India and took us through various provisions of the
AIIMS Act. He contended that if we properly examine the scheme of
Section 3 of the Act, several classes of members are provided under
the same and one of them is a University which can have representation
under clause (d) of Section 3 of the Act. There are members who are
nominated and there are members who are elected. The object of the
G said provisions is clear that there should be representation of all
teaching institutions covered by the Act and it cannot be the intention
of excluding member from an institution of national importance as
AIIMS; that when one member from each University is brought in,
it cannot be said that the AIIMS would be excluded from the category
H arising under Section 3(d) of the Act.
DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. HARi PRAKASH [RAJENDRA BABU, .I.] 317

2.8. Sh~ Vikas Singh, learned counsel appearing for respondent No. l, A
reiterated the contentions raised by him before the High Court to
which we have already adverted to. He also submitted that in terms
of Section 3(58) of the General Clauses Act, 'State' shall include
'Union Territory' and, therefore, under Section 3(d) of the Act one
member from each University established by law in the 'State' would B
include a 'Union Territory'. Shri Trivedi, supporting this contention,
adverted to the decision of this Court in Ram Kishore Sen and Ors.
v. Union of India and Ors., [l 966] I SCR 430, wherein such an
interpretation has been adopted by using the General Clauses Act.
Both of them contended to have representation on the Council under
Section 3(d) of the Act all that is required is that it should be a C
University established by any law in the State which would include
'Union Territory' and grants a recognised dental qualification elected
either by members of the Senate or the Court from amongst the
members of the Dental or Medical Faculty of the University (where
there is no separate dental faculty members]. It was also brought to
our notice that Explanation to Section 3(e) of the Act in defining the D
'State', 'Union Territory' is specifically excluded and, therefore,
wherever the expression 'State' is used would include 'Union Territory'
unless expressly excluded, so as to make it clear that the meaning
attributed to the expression 'State' in the General Clauses Act would
not be applicable. Therefore, it is submitted that, by implication, it E
must be held that the expression 'State' in Section 3(d) of the Act
would include a 'Union Territory'. Shri Rao, however, contended that
there has been a history to the formation of States in this country.
Originally there were Part A, B and C States and on the State
Reorganisation Act coming into force by the Adaptation of Orders,
certain changes in the Act were made and, therefore, when the F
expression 'State' has been used in Section 3(d) of the Act, that
background should not be forgotten and the same has to be borne in

.. mind and interpreted appropriately. So done, he submitted that, the
expression 'State' in Section 3(d) of the Act would not cover a 'Union
Territory' like Delhi where AIIMS is located. G

3. For purposes of proper appreciation of the rival contentions, we may
set out Section 3 of the Act :

"Section 3. The Central Government shall, as soon as may be,
constitute a Council consisting of the following members, namely:- H
318
,
SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A (a) one registered dentist possessing a recognised dental qualification
elected by the dentists registered in Part A of each State register;

(b) one member elected from amongst themselves by the members of
the Medical Council of India;

B (c} not IJIQre than four members elected from among themselves by
(a) Principals, Deans, Directors and Vice-Principals of dental
colleges in the States training students for recognised dental
qualifications:
Provided that not more than one member shall be elected from
c the same dental college;
(b) Heads of dental wings of medical colleges in the States training
'
students for recognised dental qua! ifications;
(d) one member from each University established by law in the States
D which grants a recognised dental qualification, to be elected by the
members of the Senate of the University, or in case the University
has no Senate, by the members of the court, from amongst the members
of the Dental Faculty of the University or in case the University has
no Dental Faculty, from amongst the members of the Medical Faculty
thereof;
E
(e) one member to represent each State nominated by the Government
of each State from among persons registered either in a medical
register or a dental register of the State;

Explanation.- In this clause, "State" does not include a Union territory;
F
(f) six members nominated by the Central Government, of whom at
least one shall be a registered dentist possessing a recognised dental
qualification and practising or holding an appointment in an institution
for the training of dentists in a Union territory, and at least two shall
be dentists registered in Part B of a State register;
G
(g) the Director General of Health Services, ex officio :

Provided that pending the preparation of registers the State Government
may nominate to the first Council members referred to in parts (a)
and (e) and the Central Government members referred to in part (t)
H out of persons who are eligible for registration in the respective
DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. HARi PRAKASH [RAJENDRA BABU . J.] 319
registers and such persons shall hold office for such period as the A
State or Central Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, specify."

3. I. The Act is a pre-constitutional enactment but it has application in
the post-constitutional era also. When interpreting such an enactment, we
have not only to bear in mind the historical background leading to the B
legislation and the amendments effected therein, but also various aspects
covered by it. To our mind, reading of Section 3(d) of the Act would make
it c !ear that the expression 'state' has been used in the larger sense as defined
in the General Clauses Act to include 'Union Territory'. This position becomes
further clear when we read Section 3(e) of the Act wherein it is stated that C
nomination can be made from amongst the members of each State. By
explanation thereto, it is stated, the 'State' would not include a 'Union
.. Territory'. In respect of Union Territory a separate provision has been made
in Section 3(f). The General Clauses Act read with the scheme of the enactment
will make it clear that the expression 'State' used in Section 3(d) of the Act
would include a Union Territory also. D
3.2. The scheme of Section 3(d) of the Act will indicate that there are
different constituencies for representation on the Council; first, constituency
is from amongst the registered dentists in Part A of each State register;
second, from amongst the members of the Medical Council of India; third,
from the teaching faculty of different dental colleges such as the Principals, E
Deans, Directors and Vice-Principals of dental colleges or Heads of dental
wings of medical colleges in the States training students for recognised dental
qualifications; fourth, from each University established by law in the States
which grants a recognised dental qualification; fifth, nominated members
from States other than a Union Territory; sixth, from nominated members F
from the Union Territory and those dentists registered in Part B of a State
register; and lastly, the Director General of Health Services. The Act covers
the various institutions and Universities over which it has control under the
various provisions in relation to qualification and discipline as well as those
who practise after obtaining the necessary qualification in the dentistry. The
object of Section 3 is to provide a wide representation to the Council, which G
is a professional body. Therefore, appropriate meaning will have to be given
to the expressions used in the enactment bearing in mind the historical
background and purpose of the legislation.

4. Now, we may briefly glean into provisions of the AIIMS Act. The
I AIIMS A~t provides for constitution of a goverr.ing body [Section 1O] and H
320 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A the objects of the AIIMS include developing the pattern of teaching in under-
graduate and post-graduate medical education and attain self sufficiency in
post-graduate medical education [Section 13]. Jn terms of Section 23 of the
AIIMS Act, AIIMS stands outside the scope of the Medical Council in the
conferment of medical degrees and diplomas granted under the AIIMS Act,
B which shall be recognised medical degrees for the purpose of that Act and
shall be deemed to be included in the First Schedule of the Act. Under
Section 24 of the AIJMS Act, it is provided that the AIJMS shall have the
power to grant medical degrees and diplomas and other academic distinctions
and titles irrespective of what may be contained in other enactments.

C 5. The thrust of the submission made by Shri Rao is that the eminence
of the AIIMS in the field of medical education is undisputed but the fact
remains that the language of Section 3(d) of the Act requires that representation
under that clause is available only to a 'University established by law' and
not any other institution though established by law impaiting dental education
and conferring degrees. In this context, the High Court placed very heavy
D reliance upon the provisions of the AIIMS Act which enacted that AIIMS
imparts dental education and confers or grants degrees, which is normally the
function of a University and, therefore, in a general sense by adopting the
dictionary meaning, it should be stated that it is a University, while the
contention on behalf of the appellant is that it must be a 'University established
E by law'.
6. We may in this context notice the provisions of Section 22 of the
University Grants Commission Act, 1956 [hereinafter referred to as 'the UGC
Act']. Section 22 of the UGC Act provides that the right of conferring or
granting degree shall be exercised by three categories of institutions, namely,-
F (I) a University established or incorporated by a Central or a State
Act;
(2) an institution deemed to be a University under Section 3 of the
UGC Act; and
G (3) an institution specially empowered by an Act of Parliament to
confer or grant degrees.

6.1. The fact that there are three kinds of authorities empowered to
grant degrees or diplomas is too well known in educational field and is
legislatively taken note of as aforesaid. Thus it is clear that there are various
H institutions in India other than Universities which are empowered to confer
DENTAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. HARi PRAKASH (RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 321
or grant degrees and diplomas and AIIMS is one such institution. Therefore, A
it cannot be said that mere fact of being empowered under the AIIMS Act
to confer degrees or diplomas, would convert it into a University established
by law.

7. The intention of the legislature is primarily to be gathered from the
language used in the statute, thus paying attention to what has been said as B
also to what has not been said. When the words used are not ambiguous,
literal meaning has to be applied, which is the golden rule of interpretation.

8. To interpret the meaning of the expression 'University' the High
Court proceeded to examine various dictionaries. That exercise could not C
have been undertaken by the High Court in view of the fact that the expression
used in Section 3(d) of the Act is 'a University established by law'. The
expression used is not just a 'University' but 'University established by law'
and the expression 'University' cannot be divorced from the following words
'established by law'. Entire expression "University established by law"
constitutes one concept and is well known in law as indicated in Section 22 D
of the UGC Act. Hence, construction of the expression used in the Act with
reference to dictionaries is not called for. Such a course will result in either
omission of words in the Act such as 'established by law' ~r to add different
words which is not permissible in the language of the Act.

9. The learned counsel for respondents referred to large number of E
decisions where the meaning of the expression used in an enactment has been
given a wider meaning or even to cover a situation which could not have
arisen when the law was enacted. But we are afraid, these principles cannot
be applied in the present context, for the Parliament is well aware of the
situation of University, deemed University and the institutions constituted
F
and empowered under relevant enactments to confer degrees and the Act has
been amended from time to time, to suit fresh needs as and when they arose.
Thus, the Act has not remained static but is catching up with times. Therefore,
what is not included by the legislature cannot be undone by us by adopting
the principle of purposive interpretation.
G
AIIMS is an institution, which is specially empowered by Act of
Parliament to confer or grant degrees. As a result thereof AIIMS may impart
education in dentistry and also confer degrees or diplomas as provided under
the AIIMS Act but that circumstance would not itself convert such an
institution into a University established by law. If Parliament had intended
that all categories of institutions which impart dental education will also be H
322 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A covered by Section 3(d) of the Act, it would not have provided that it is only
a ·University established by law' imparting dental education could send its
representative to the Council. The object of Section 3(d) of the Act being to
provide representation to the University established by law, to give any other
•
meaning would strain the meaning of the expression 'University established
B by law' so as to treat any other institution empowered by an Act of Parliament
to confer or grant degrees at par with University established by law for the
purpose of representation on the Council. May be Parliament found that such
an .institution to be merely covered by Section 3(c) of the Act so that the
institution is mer~ly treated as a dental college in a State training students for
recognised dental qualifications from whom the Principals, Deans, Directors
C and Vice Principals or Head of the Dental Wing would also be elected, if
found fit. Again, it is for the Parliament to amend the law to give representation
appropriately in the Council to the AllMS and the High Court ought not to
have proceeded to consider other modes of interpretation when the language
...
of the provision itself is absolutely clear. Therefore, we think the view taken
by the High Court cannot be sustained. The other question whether the
D Governing Body or the Academic Committee of the AllMS is equivalent to
a Senate or a Court in a University does not arise for consideration in the
view we have taken in the matter.

I0. Insofar as respondent No. I is concerned, inasmuch as his term on
E the Council came to an end in 1996 his petition had become infructuous by
the time it was disposed off and hence nothing need be said on that aspect
of the matter. Appeal is allowed accordingly. No order as to costs.

B.S. Appeal allowed.