Holding

The 1997 Andhra Pradesh Act cannot be applied to the surplus employees because their placement was completed and sanctioned by BIFR before the Act’s commencement, and therefore they cannot be retrenched on the ground that the undertaking became sick.

Summary

During BIFR proceedings, the Andhra Pradesh Government placed 1,486 surplus employees of Hyderabad Allwyn Ltd. in various government departments and super‑numerary posts, a scheme later sanctioned by BIFR in 1994. Subsequently, the State enacted an ordinance and the 1997 Andhra Pradesh Absorption Act prohibiting the absorption of public‑sector employees, which the High Court struck down, holding that the Act could not affect the already‑absorbed employees. The State appealed, arguing that the Act should apply, that the employees could be retrenched under Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act because the undertaking was "sick", and that doctrines such as promissory estoppel bound the Government. The Supreme Court held that the Act, effective from 26‑Nov‑1996, could not apply to the employees whose placement had been completed and sanctioned before that date, and that their status as government employees rendered the "sick" argument irrelevant. Consequently, the Court dismissed the appeals, upholding the High Court's decision.

Issues considered

The applicability of the Andhra Pradesh Absorption of Employees of State Government Public Sector Undertakings into Public Service Act, 1997 to the 1,486 surplus employees already placed under the BIFR scheme.
Whether the employees, now government employees, can be retrenched under Section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act on the ground that the original undertaking became "sick".
The interaction between the 1997 State Act and the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985, and whether the latter overrides the former.
The relevance of the doctrine of promissory estoppel in preventing the State from withdrawing its earlier commitment under the BIFR scheme.
The competence of the State Legislature to enact the 1997 Act under Entry 41 of List II of the Seventh Schedule.
The effect of the BIFR scheme on the rights of the employees and whether it can be altered by subsequent legislation.

Legislation cited

Subjects

service lawabsorption of employeespublic sector undertakingsBIFR schemeindustrial disputes actsick companiespromissory estoppelstate legislationretrenchmentvoluntary retirement scheme

Judgment

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS. A
v.
V.S.R. MURTHY AND ORS.

SEPTEMBER 18, 2001

[S. RAJENDRA BABU AND D.P. MOHAPATRA, JJ.J B

Service Law :

Absorption-Andhra Pradesh Absorption of Employees of State
Government Public Sector Undertakings into Public Service Act, 1997-Public
Sector Undertakings become 'sick'-Decision by government to absorb surplus c
employees of the undertakings-Modalities of placement of the employees
completed by government-Subsequent enactment prohibiting the absorption-
Held, Act having been enacted after completion of modalities of placement
would not be applicable on the employees in the present case-Plea that
employees could be retrenched u/s. 25F of Industrial Disputes Act, since the D
Public Sector Undertakings had become 'sick'-Held, Undertaking becoming
'sick' is irrelevant since the employees had become Government employees-
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

During pendency of certain proceedings before Board of Industrial
and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR), pursuant to a settlement and an E
MOU, appellant-State considered the modalities regarding 1486 surplus
employees of Hyderabad Allwyn Ltd. (HAL) a public sector undertaking,
in various Government Departments and State level public enterprises
and created supernumerary posts.

In the meanwhile, in a scheme published by BIFR it was provided F
that the appellant-State had completed the modalities of placement of 1486
employees and that the transfer of the surplus employees would be
completed before sanction of the scheme. The scheme, thereafter, was
sanctioned by BIFR.
G
Thereafter, high power committee, advised the appellant-State against
absorption of surplus staff of public sector undertakings. Appellant-State,
issued notification mentioning difficulties in regularisation of surplus
employees and provided for voluntary retirement scheme.

Appellant-State promulgated ordinance prohibiting the absorption H
127
128 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
A and subsequently it was replaced by Andhra Pradesh Absorption of
Employees of State Government Public Sector Undertakings into Public
Service, 1997.

Writ Petitions challenging the Ordinance and the Act were allowed
by High Court. It declared that the Ordinance or the Act would not affect
B the rights of the parties since they are protected under BIFR scheme and
since surplus employees had already been absorbed by the State; and that
BIFR scheme could not be deferred by a legislation. Rejecting the c6ntention
of the State that employees being workmen, their services could be
retrenched under Section 25 of Industrial Disputes _Act on account of the
c industry having become sick, it observed that workmen having become
employees of the State, industry becoming sick would be irrelevant.

In appeal to this Court, appellant, contended that since in case of
Mis. Allwyn Watches Ltd., which was covered by BIFR scheme whose
employees had been given voluntary retirement, similarly BIFR ought to .-.
D have allowed the Government to modify the scheme by giving voluntary
retirement to the employees of HAL; and that absorption of employees by
the Government would be a drain to the public exchequer. Respondents
contended that since the surplus employees of HAL were already absorbed,
the Act had no applicat~on on them.
E Dismissing the appeal, the Court

HELD : 1. When the A.P. Absorption of Employees of State
Government Public Sector Undertakings into Public Service Act, 1997 was
made effective from 26.11.1996, the Act cannot have any application to the
F present employees at all. It may be for the purpose of convenience or for
other reasons, the Government may have placed them in supernumerary
posts or other kinds of posts. The scheme having been already sanctioned
by BIFR; it must be taken that the employees in different establishments
have been identified and their placement in the various Government
Departments and the public sector undertakings is complete. It is not
'
G necessary to look into any other document. The reports of the various '
I

Committees and the Government orders issued thereon will have no t
relevance at all. When the necessary material had been placed before
BIFR and it had gone into the same and thereafter sanctionl!d the scheme
in the manner stated above, the finding recorded by the High Court that
H the surplus employees of HAL have been absorbed in the services of the )
GOVT. OF A.P. v. V.S.R. MURTHY 129
Government and they are employees of the State is justified. A
[136-H; 137-A; 136-F; GJ

2. The High Court rightly rejected the contention that respondent-
employees being workmen their services could be retrenched under the
provisions of section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act as the industries in
question from which they are transferred have become 'sick' by stating B
that when the workmen in question have become employees of the
Government the industries becoming 'sick' would be irrelevant. If the
services of the workmen in question are terminated for other reasons as
provided under the Industrial Disputes Act, the respective parties can
work out their respective rights as provided under that Act. [137-F; GJ C
3. The fact that the voluntary retirement scheme being applied in
Mis. Allwyn Watches Ltd. would not influence the Court to deviate from
the approach made by it in the matter, because even in certain flourishing
and prosperous companies many of the employees volunteer to retire on
account of their personal reasons depending upon whether benefits arising D
therein would be advantageous to them. If such attractive schemes are
offered to the employees in the present case also, as to what the employees
would do, is not for this Court to predict, particularly when the employees
have been held to be 'workmen' and the question as to whether they can
invoke the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act is left open. [138-B; C]
E
Dayakar Reddy v. M.D. Allwyn Auto Ltd. & Ors., [2000) 9 SCC 247,
referred to.

4. In the present case, when certain industries had become 'sick' and
a large number of employees were likely to be uprooted and thus a human
problem arose, the Government sought to work out certain solutions which
F
resulted in a scheme frame by BIFR, now to say that such a scheme could
not have been framed and that scheme would affect the rights of the other
employees of the Government or likely to affect the finance of the
Government is only the result of unimaginative narrow thinking on the
part of the Government by relying on bureaucracy used to the usual red G
tapism. To depend upon the reports of the bureaucracy, which cannot take
decision of such large magnitude involving hum:rn problem, would only
indicate that the realities of the matter are ignored. It is only after due
deliberation and after considering the financial and administrative
implications the previous orders of the Government had been passed leading
H
130 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
A to a scheme framed by BIFR has not been duly appreciated in the proper
perspective by the Government. Hence, challenge to the order of BIFR is
unsustainable. [138-E; F; G]

Prafullah Kumar Mukher:jee v. Bank of Commerce, LR 74 IA 23; A.S.
Krishna v. State of Madras, [1957] SCR 399; State of Rajasthan v. G.Chawla,
B [1959] Supp; 1SCR904; State ofA.P. v. McDowell & Co., [1996] 3 SCC 709;
P.N. Krishna Lal v. Goyernment of Kerala, [1995] Supp. 2 SCC 187;
Management of Dandakaranya Project v. Workmen, [1997] 2 SCC 296; N.
Ramanatha Pillai v. State of Kerala, [1974] 1 SCR 515; K. Rajendran v. State
o.f Tamil Nadu, [1982] 3 SCR 628; Union o.f India v. Godfrey Philips, [1985]
c Supp. 3 SCR 123; Kasinka Trading v. Union of India, [1995] 1 SCC 274 and
Excise Commissioner; U.P. v. Ram Kumar, [1976] Supp. SCR 532; referred
to.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 6734-6745 of
2000.
D
From the Judgment and Order dated 15.10.97 of the Andhra Pradesh
High Court in W.P. Nos. 22230, 22739, 21904, 23592, 24798, 24939, 25705,
25706, 25707, 26917, 27090/96 and 3480 of 1997.

WITH
E
C.A. Nos. 6746, 6750, 6747, 6748 and 6749 of 2000.

P.P. Rao, T. V. Ratnam, Manish Goswami and Anil Kumar Tandale for the
Appellants.

M.N. Rao, L. Nageswara Rao, D. Rama Krishna Reddy, D. Bharathi
F
Reddy, R. Santhanakrishnan, Shambhunath Singh, D. Mahesh Babu and Sunil
Kumar for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

RAJENDRA BABU, J. When certain proceedings were pending before
G the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) a settlement was
reached between the employees of Bus Body Division and 1537 employees of
Mis Hyderabad Allwyn Ltd. [for short 'HAL'] and their management under
Section 12 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 [hereinafter referred to as 'the
Act']. Memorandum of Understanding [MOU] was also reached on 28.3.1993
H with Mis Voltas Ltd., Government of Andhra Pradesh and HAL. In that MOU,
I
!
I

'
'
GOVT. OF A.P. v. V.S.R. MURTHY [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 131
one of the clauses provided as follows : A

"As regards employees numbering 1486, HAL will enter into satisfactory
arrangements with the Government of AP. for their deployment
elsewhere."

The Government of Andhra Pradesh thereafter considered the modalities
B
of placement of 1486 employees of the company and a Cabinet Sub-Committee
was constituted which considered the recommendations made by a High Power
CommitteP- and the operating agency appointed by BIFR. The Managing Director,
HAL was asked to identify the 1486 employees and allot them to the various
Heads of the Departments as indicated in Annexure II thereto as an interim c
measure to be effective from 1.4.93. The placement of individuals was to be
decided by the Committee of Officers constituted under their order dated
31.3.1993. It was also stated that separate orders will be issued creating
supernumerary posts for these employees.

- Thereafter, the Government accepted recommendations of the Committee
of Officers creating supernumerary posts in the Government Departments
D

requiring the Heads of Departments to maintain a separate muster roll and
acquittance register for the individuals allotted to them. The Heads of
Departments were asked to issue temporary posting orders, which shall be in
operation till final orders of allotment were issued in pursuance of decisions E
of the Empowered Committee. In the meanwhile, BIFR published a draft
scheme on 22.2.1994. Under the scheme, amongst other things, it was
provided for the establishment of a new company "Auto Company" by the
Government of Andhra Pradesh to which the employees of the HAL working
in its auto division shall be deemed to have been transferred with effect from
F
28.3.93. It was further stated that the transferor company had identified the
number of surplus employees of the transferor company who would be transferred
and absorbed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Government of
Andhra Pradesh has by its order dated 28.4.1993 completed the modalities for
placement of 1486 employees in various Government departments and State
level public enterprises. It was also stated that the aforesaid transfer of the G
Watch undertaking to the Watch Company together with the transfer of the
employees engaged in or connected with the Watch und~rtaking as also the
transfer of the employees In the Auto division and the surplus employees so
identified would be completed before the sanction of the scheme. On 4.4.1994,
BIFR sanctioned the scheme. H
132 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
A On 28.7.1994, the High Power Committee submitted its report to the
Government advising against absorption of surplus staff of public sector
undertakings in Government serviees for three reasons: [1) the same were
creating unrest amongst the Government employees who were already in
service; [2] there was no provision in the rules under which surplus employees
of the public sector undertakings could be given placement in Government
B
service in any cadre; and [3] such lateral induction of employees of public
sector undertakings was bound to lead to endless litigation. The Committee
recommended to the Government to take a decision not to absorb or induct
surplus staff of public sector undertakings into Government service in future.
The Government approved the recommendations of the High Power Committee.
C On 1.10.1996, the Government issued a notification mentioning the difficulties
in the matter of regularisation of the surplus workers and the decision to
abolish all the supernumerary posts with effect from 30.11.1996 and to
provide for payment of an amount for rehabilitation equal to 1Yi months pay
including Dearness Allowance for every year of completed service subject to
D a minimum amount of Rs.30,000/- for each employee in addition to other
statutory dues. -
An ordinance was promulgated which came into effect from 30.11.1996
prohibiting absorption of employees of State Public Sector Undertakings in
Government service and cancelling all orders of Government appointing any
E employee of the state public sector undertakings to any post in a public service
on the ground that the undertaking had become sick or was likely to become
sick or was closed or was likely to be closed. The ordinance was replaced by
the Andhra Pradesh Absorption of Employees of State Government Public
Sector Undert~ings into Public Service Act, 1997.
F
The validity of the Ordinance and the Act was challenged in a batch of
writ petitions before the High Court. A full bench of the High Court allowed
the writ petitions and set aside the impugned G.O. while declaring that the
impugned orqinance or the Act will not affect the rights of the parties as
protected under the BIFR scheme. The High Court found that the surplus
G employees of the HAL were already absorbed and they are the employees of
the State alone and, therefore, the impugned Act or the Ordinance cannot affect
their rights. The High Court also fo1,1nd that the BIFR scheme coulq not be
defeated by a legislation to be made by the State and arbitrariness is writ large

H
in this case and the Government cannot sack the employees drafted by them
for no fault of theirs. The argument raised on behalf of the appellants on the I

I
GOVT. OF A.P. v. V.S.R. MURTHY [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 133

economic capacity of the State was also rejected by the High Court. The High A
Court, however, gave a finding that the surplus employees deployed by the
Government will continue to be workmen. It was also found by the High Court
that the termination of services of the employees was not on account of any
retrenchment following the provisions of the Industrial Disputes Act but on the
ground that the industry has become 'sick'. The scheme for absorption of the
B
employees was complete and implemented and if it is not complete, the
Government is bound to complete this exercise.

Special leave petitions were preferred by the Government before this
Court and this Court made an interim order on 24.2.1999 allowing the appellants
to place the difficulties in implementing the scheme before the BIFR and c
directed the BIFR to pass such orders as they deem fit after hearing the parties
irrespective of the observations made by the High Court in the judgment under
appeal.

By an order made on 12.5.1999, the BIFR rejected the application filed
by the appellants. Mis Allwyn Watches Ltd., which is also covered by the BIFR D
scheme, was ordered to be closed down with effect from 29 .2.2000 and identical
voluntary retirement scheme was accepted by more than 90% of the employees
as on that date and out of a total number of 2147 employees of that company,
2135 had been relieved and given benefits under the voluntary retirement
scheme and the remaining 12 employees had been retained for winding up
E
operations. The said employees are all stated to be senior to the workmen who
are the respondents in the present batch of cases and that scheme was challenged
before this Court in Dayakar Reddy v. MD, Allwyn Auto Ltd. & Ors., [2000]
9 SCC 247, and this Court upheld the scheme implemented by the State
Government in respect of the employees of the erstwhile Allwyn Auto Ltd., a
company formed by way of implementation of this very BIFR scheme and F
issued appropriate directions to the company with regard to extension of the
benefits of the voluntary retirement scheme to workmen who had not opted for
the same.

Shri P.P. Rao, learned Senior Advocate appearing for the appellants,
G
contended as follows:

I. Section 32 of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions)
Act, 1985 [hereinafter referred to as 'the SICA'] cannot override
the provisions of the AP. Prohibition of Absorption of Employees
of State Government Public Sector Undertakings into Public H

\
134 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2001] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
A Service Act, 1997 which, in pith and substance, is a law falling
within the scope of Entry 41 of List II of Seventh Schedule to
the Constitution oflndia i.e. 'State Public Services'. The overriding
effect given by Section 32 of the SICA is limited to laws made
by Parliament with respect to the items enumerated in Lists I & f
III and it cannot extend to laws enacted by the State Legislature
B
with respect to any matter in List II. The finding of the High
Court to the contrary is erroneous and unsustainable.

2. Para 9(c) of the BIFR scheme has to be read subject to Section -
18(l)(da) of the SICA. Therefore, the scheme cannot be
t understood to require the Government to permanently absorb the
surplus staff in question contrary to the statutory provisions
governing recruitment to public services of the State.

3. The State Government did not make any firm commitment to
permanently absorb the 1486 employees contrary to the rules
D
governing recruitment to Government departments and other
public sector undertakings.

4. Availability of work is a pre-condition for absorption. When the
Government found that there were already surplus employees
E without work, it cannot be forced to absorb the 1486 employees.

5. The finding of the High Court that the workmen have already
been permanently absorbed is incorrect. In any event, retrenchment
of surplus staff is an inherent right of the Government.
F
6. The doctrine of promissory estoppel is subject to exceptions. The
Government cannot be compelled to carry out a representation
or promise which is contrary to law or which was outside the
authority or power of the officer of the Government or of the
authority to make. That doctrine must also yield when the equality
G so requires.

7. In view of the High Court's finding that the surplus employees
deployed by the Government will continue to be workmen only
and the termination of their services was not on account of
retrenchment under the Act, it will be open to the Government
H
GOVT. OF A.P. v. V.S.R. MURTHY [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 135
of A.P. to retrench them under the Act in which case the A
compensation payable under the Act will be far less than the
compensation offered by the Government in G.O.Ms. No. 192
dated 1.10.1996. The High Court failed to appreciate this aspect
and erred in quashing the G.O. which is more beneficial to the
employees as the scale of compensation provided is three times B
more than what is provided in the Act.

8. Assuming without admitting that the BIFR scheme is binding on
the Government notwithstanding the A.P. Act No.14 of 1997, the
BIFR ought to have allowed the State Government's request to
modify the scheme so as to facilitate a golden handshake in terms C
of G.O.Ms.No.192 dated 1.10.1996. The reasons given by the
BIFR for rejecting the Government's request are unsustainable.

In support of the aforesaid propositions, Shri P.P.Rao relied upon the
decisions of this Court in Prafullah Kumar Mukherjee v. Bank of Commerce,
D
LR 74 IA 23; A.S.Krishna v. State of Madras, [1957] SCR 399; State of
Rajasthan v. G. Chawla, [1959] Supp. 1 SCR 904; State of A.P. v. McDowell
& Co., [1996] 3 SCC 709; P.N.Krishna Lal v. Government of Kera/a, [1995]
Supp.2 SCC 187; Management of Dandakaranya Project v. Workmen, [1997]
2 SCC 296; N.Ramanatha Pillai v. State of Kera/a, [1974] 1 SCR 515;
K.Rajendran v. State of Tamil Nadu, [1982] 3 SCR 628; Union of India v. E
Godfrey Philips, [1985] Supp. 3 SCR 123; Kasinka Trading v. Union of India,
[1995] 1 SCC 274; Excise Commissioner, U.P. v. Ram Kumar, [1976] Supp.
SCR 532.

Shri M.N.Rao, learned Senior Advocate appearing for the respondents,
F
submitted that the finding of the High Court that the surplus employees of HAL
were already absorbed and they are the employees of the State and, therefore,
the impugned Act has no application to them should be sustained by us
followed by the finding of the High Court that termination is not on account
of retrenchment but on the ground that the industry has become 'sick' and the
scheme of absorption was complete and having been implemented pursuant to G
the agreement entered into by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and the
various other parties and the Government should not now be allowed to tum
back from solemn undertaking given before the BIFR and other authorities and
such a question should not be allowed to be agitated in the court and the view
expressed by the High Court should be upheld by us. H
136 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
A Act No. 14 of 1997 is effective from November 26, 1996. The said Act
declares that no employee of a State Government Public Sector Undertaking
shall be or shall ever be deemed to be entitled to absorption into public service
from the date of the commencement of the Act only on the ground that such
undertaking has become sick or is likely to become sick or is closed or is likely
to be closed and accordingly. The Act is effective from a date long after the
B
scheme was sanctioned by the BIFR on 4.4.1994. Clauses (c) and (d) of the
scheme provides as follows:

"(c) the transferor company has identified the number of surplus
employees of the transferor company who would be transferred and
c absorbed by the Government of A.P.. The Government of A.P. has vide
its order G.O.Ms. No.180 dated 28th April, 1993 completed the
modalities for placement of 1486 employees in various Government
Departments and State level public enterprises.

(d) The aforesaid transfer of the Watch undertaking to the Watch
D
Company together with the transfer of the employees engaged in or
connected with the Watch undertaking as also the transfer of the •
employees,of the Auto Division and the surplus employees identified
as aforesaid would be completed before the sanction of this Scheme."

E The underlined portion in clause (c) will make it clear that the Government
has completed the modalities for placement of 1486 employees in various
Government Departments and State level public enterprises. It is also made
clear that the transfer of the surplus employees identified as aforesaid would
be completed before the sanction of the scheme. The scheme having been
F already sanctioned by the BIFR, it must be taken that the employees in different
establishments have been identified and their placement in the various
Government Departments and the public sector undertakings is complete. It is
not necessary to look into any other document. The reports of the various
Committees and the Government orders issued thereon will have no relevance
at all. When the necessary material had been placed before the BIFR and the
G BIFR had gone into the same and thereafter sanctioned the scheme in the
manner stated above, we think the finding recorded by the High Court that the
surplus employees of HAL have been absorbed in the services of the Government
and they are employees of the State is justified.

H The sequiter is that when the Act was made effective from 26.11.1996,
GOVT. OF A.P. v. V.S.R. MURTHY [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 137
the Act cannot have any application to the present employees at all. It may be A
for the purpose of convenience or for other reasons the Government may have
placed them in supernumerary posts or other kinds of posts but it was publicly
declared before a competent statutory forum that the modalities for placement
of 1486 employees in various Government Departments and State level public
enterprises are complete and, therefore, that position cannot now be doubted
B
or disputed.

In this background, we do not think it is necessary for us to go into the
complex questions of the competence of the State Legislature to enact the Act,
effect of the Act, application of doctrine of 'promissory estoppel', the manner
in which the same would operate in spite of the scheme framed under the SICA c
and whether in the light of Section 32 of the SICA the scheme would override
the Act or not. These questions become academic and the correctness of
decision on questions of law recorded by the High Court on these aspects is
left open to be agitated in appropriate proceedings.
D
The High Court has given a finding that the workmen in question as
enumerated in the scheme of the BIFR referred to earlier have been deployed
in the Government Departments or the state public sector undertakings and
they do not cease to be workmen merely because they are employed in the
Government Departments. The view expressed by the High Court in this regard
is justified and is not under challenge by respondents before us either. Therefore, E
it is not necessary for us to examine any further on this aspect of the matter.

A contention is raised by the learned Advocate General before the High
Court that the respondent-employees being workmen their services could be
retrenched under the provisions of Section 25-F of the Industrial Disputes Act
F
as the industries in question from which they are drafted have become 'sick'.
The High Court, in ou: view, rightly rejected that contention by stating when
the workmen in question have become employees of the Government the
industries becoming 'sick' would be irrelevant. If the services of the workmen
in question are terminated for other reasons as provided under the Industrial
Disputes Act, the respective parties can work out their respective rights as G
provided under that Act.

Shri P.P. Rao further contended that M/s Allwyn Watches Ltd. to which
some of the employees who were senior to the respondent employees were
absorbed under the BIFR scheme and which is allowed to be closed down and
H
138 SUPREME COURT REPORTS . (2001] SUPP.. 3 S.C.R.
A 2135 have been relieved and given benefits under the Voluntary Retirement
Scheme and only 12 employees have been retained for winding up operations
and that matter came up before this Court in Dayakar Reddy's case [supra] and
this Court did not interfere with the implementation of the scheme ~ut on the .
other hand gave extension of time to claim the benefits arisi!Jg under such ..VRS ··.
scheme. But this factor does not have any bearing on the present case ~ec~us(:. · ·.
B
even in certain flourishing and prosperous companies many of the employees
volunteer to retire on account of their personal reasons depending upon whether
benefits arising therein would be advantageous to them. If such attractive
schemes are offered to the employees in the present case also, as to what the
employees would do, is not for us to predict. Particularly when th~ employees
c have been held to be 'workmen' and we h~ve left operi the question as to
whether they can invoke the provisions of ttie·Industrial Disputes Act, it is for
them to.decide·~s to whether action ~hould be taken or not. Therefore, the fact
that the vciluntarr r~tirement scheme being applied in Mis Allwyn Watches Ltd .
.would not influence us to deviate from the approach made by us in the matter.

Wh~ther absorption of the employees by the Government would be a
drain on the public exchequer was a matter certainly present to the mind of the
Government before taking various steps culminating in the scheme sanctioned
by the BIFR. In trying to solve various problems, the Government has to
balance several interests and devise methods to suit the needs of the situation.
E In the present case, when certain industries had become 'sick' and a large
number of employees were likely to be uprooted and thus a human problem
arose, the Government sought to work out certain solutions which resulted in
a scheme framed by the BIFR, now to say that such a scheme could not have
been framed and that scheme would affect the rights of the other employees
F of the Government or likely to affect the finance of the Government is only
the result of unimaginative narrow thinking on the part of the Government by
relying on bureaucracy used to the usual red tapism. To depend upon the
reports of the bureaucracy, which cannot take decision of such large magnitude
involving human problem, would only indicate that the realities of the matter
are ignored. It is only after due deliberation and after considering the financial
G and administrative implications the previous orders of the Government had
been passed leading to a scheme framed by the BIFR has not been duly
appreciated in the proper perspective by the Government. Hence, challenge to
the order of BIFR made on 12.5.1999 is unsustainable. In that view of the
matter, if the Government was merely guided by the reports of the bureaucracy
H and not on the ground realities and thereafter the Ordinance has been promulgated
GOVT. OF A.P. v. V.S.R. MURTHY [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 139

under a misconception thinking it would be applicable to the present employees, A
we think, the attempt of the Government has misfired.

In the result, we dismiss these appeals subject to the observations made
in the course of this order. No costs.

K.K.T. Appeals dismissed.