HARI SHANKAR RASTOGIversusSHRI SHAM MANOHAR AND ORS.

A                        HARi SHANK.AR RASTOGI
                                  v..
                      SHRI SHAM MANOHAR AND ORS.

                                  MARCH 16, 2005

B                    [S.N .. VARIA VA AND H.K. SEMA, JJ.]


         Code of Civil Procedure, I 908 :

          Order 41, Rules I and 22-Cross-objection in second appeal-Appeal
C   withdrawn-Status ofcross-objection-Held, a cross-objection is in the nature
    of an appeal-Even if the appeal is withdrawn or dismissed, cross-objection
    can be. heard and. determined.
                            .~-




         Respondent filed a second appeal in the High Court. Appellant filed
D cross-objections in that appeal. Later, the respondent withdrew the appeal.
    The High Court dismissed the cross-objections holding that on the appeal
    being withdrawn, the cross-objection did not survive. Aggrieved, the
    appellant filed the present appeal.

        . Allowing the appeal, the Court
E
          HELD : A cross-objection is in the nature of an appeal. Even when
    the appeal is withdrawn or is dismissed, cross-objection can still be heard
    and determined. The High Court was wrong in holding that the cross-
    objection did not survive on the appeal being withdrawn. [952-D-G]

F         Superintending Engineer and Ors. v. B. Subba Reddy, [1999) 4 SCC
    423, relied on.

           Municipal Corporation of Delhi and Ors. v. International Security and
    Intelligence Agency ltd, [2004) 3 SCC 250, referred to.

G        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1787 of 2005.

          From the Judgment and Order dated 22.1.2004 of the Delhi High Court
    in R.S.A.No. 157 of 2001.                                                      -
H                                      950
               H.S. RASTOGI v. S. MANOHAR [VARI;\ VA • .I.]                951
     Mohit Khanna and M.K. Dua for the Appellant.                                  A
      Suresh Chandra Tripathy for t~e Respondents.

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      S.N. VARIA VA, J. Leave granted.                                             B

      Heard parties.

       This Appeal is against the Judgment dated 22nd January, 2004 passed
by the High Court of Delhi. The Respondent had filed the Second Appeal.
The Appellant (herein) filed cross-objections in that Appeal. When the Appeal      C,
reached hearing, the Respondent withdrew his Second Appeal. By the
impugned Judgment, it has been held that as the Appeal has been withdrawn
the ci:oss objections emanating from the Regular Second Appeal automatically
cease to survive. On this reasoning, the cross objection has been dismissed.
                                                                                   D
      The question whether the cross objections are maintainable, even when
the Appeal has been withdrawn was considered by this Court in Superintending
Engineer and Ors. v. B. Subba Reddy, reported in [1999] 4 SCC 423. After
considering various Judgments, it was held as follows : -

           "From the examination of these judgments and the provisions of          E
       Section 41 of the Act and Order 41 Rule 22 of the Code, in our view,
       the following principles emerge :

          ( 1) Appeal is a substantive right. It is a creation of the statute.
       Right to appeal does not exist unless it is specifically conferred.         p
           (2) Cross-objection is like an appeal. It has all the trappings of an
       appeal. It is filed in the fonn of memorandum and the provisions of
       Rule I of Order 41 of the Code, so far as these relate to the fonn and
       contents of the memorandum of appeal apply to cross-objection as
       well.                                                                       G
           (3) Court fee is payable on cross-objection like that on the
       memorandum of appeal. Provisions relating to appeal by an indigent
       person also apply to cross-objection.

           (4) Even where the appeal is withdrawn or is dismissed for default,     H ·'
    952                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A           cross-objection may nevertheless be heard and determined.

                 (5) The respondent even though he has not appealed may support
            the decree on any other ground but if he wants to modify it, he has
            to file cross-objection to the decree which objections he could have
            taken earlier by filing an appeal. Time for filing objection which is
B           in the nature of appeal is extended by one month after service of
            notice on him of the day fixed for hearing the appeal. This time could
            also be extended by the court like in appeal.

                 (6) Cross-objection is nothfog but an appeal, a cross-appeal at
c           that. It may be that the respondent wanted to give a quietus to the
            whole litigation by his accepting the judgment and decree and order
            even if it was partly against his interest. When, however, the other
            party challenged the same by filing an appeal the statute gave the
            respondent a second chance to file an appeal by way of cross-objection
            if he still felt aggrieved by the judgment and decree or order."
D
          Thus, it is clear that cross objection is like an Appeal. It has all the
    trappings of an Appeal. Even when the Appeal is withdrawn or is dismissed,
    cross-objection can still be heard and determined.

E         On behalf of the Respondents, reliance was placed upon the authority
    of this Court in Municipal Corporation of Delhi and Ors. v. International
    Security and Intelligence Agency Ltd, reported in [2004] 3 SCC 250, However,
                                                                                       -
    in our view this au~1ity does not lay down any contrary proposition . In the
    Judgment, it has alJo been held that right to prefer cross objection partakes
    of the right to prefer an Appeal. It has been held that a party may rest content
F   by partial success with a view to giving a quietus to the litigation. However,
    if he finds that the other party is not interested in burying the hatchet, then
    he may also like to exercise his right of Appeal which he may do by filing
    cross objections. It has been held that the substantive right is the right of
    Appeal and the fonn of cross objection is merely a matter of procedure.
G
         As a cross objection is in the nature of an Appeal, the High Court was
    wrong in holding that the cross-objection did not survive on the Appeal being
    withdrawn.

          In this view of the matter, we set aside the impugned Judgment and
H   remit the cross objections back to the High Court for disposal on merits. The
               H.S. RASTOGI v. S. MANOHAR [V ARIA VA. 1.]              953
Respondent, herein will be entitled to take up all contentions in support of   A
the Judgment appealed against, even though he may have withdrawr. his
Appeal.

      The Al'peal stands disposed of accordingly. There will be no order as
to costs.
                                                                               B
R.P.                                                       Appeal allowed.