HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD.versusUNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

                   HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD.                                A-
                                    v.
                    UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

                         NOVEMBER 27, 2003

  [K.G. BALAKRISHNAN AND P. VENKATARAMA REDDI, JJ.]                        B
     Industrial Disputes Act, 1947:

     Section 25-0 and 25-0(8)-Procedure for closing down an under-
taking-Application of Section-On facts, company asked to stop mining       C
activWes and submit records for taking decision, letter not to the effect that
undertaking will be closed immediately or with effect from any particular
date-Company declaring lay offand subsequently mine closed-Company
pleading that Section 25-0 not aplicable-Held: Section 25-0 is appli-
cable since the undertaking ofan industrial establishment had to be closed D
for reason beyond the control of employer-It cannot be said that it is
attracted only to a voluntary and intended closure of an undertaking-
Further, when permission for closure ofundertaking is granted where more
than 100 workmen are employed on the average per working day, Section
25-0(8) will apply for payment ofcompensation.
                                                                           E
      Appellant-public limited company was carrying out mining ac-
tivities in the forest land. Divisional Forest Officer asked the appellant
to stop mining activities in the forest land and submit map and records
for taking a decision in the matter. Appellant replied that their lease
was valid upto January, 1997 and they may be permitted to continue F
mining operations but the officer did not agree. Mining activities were
stopped and lay off was declared from 31st July, 1993. Appellant closed
the mine and sent notice of closure. Appellant filed application for
permission to effect closure in abundant caution, even though Section
25-0 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 had no application as it was
not a .voluntarily and intended closure of an undertaking. Appellant G:
also contended that he was liable to pay compensation to the workers
under Section 25-FFF. Application was not entertained as it was not
filed before ninety days. Thereafter, the first respondent granted
permission for closure as per the provisions of section 25-0 of the Act;
and that compensation was to be paid under Section 25-0(8). H
                                   293
    294                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A Appellant challenged the order but the same was rejected. Hence the
    present appeal.

         Appellant contended that Section 25-0 has no application to the
    instant case; that section 25 would apply only to a voluntary and
B   intended closure of an undertaking; that no prior permission was
    required for the closure of the mining activities as the appellant never
    intended to close it down before the expiry of the lease period; that as
    the mining operations were stopped due to unavoidable reasons, the
    appellant is liable to pay compensation to the workmen only under
    Section 25-FFF of the Act.
c
          Dismissing the appeal, the Court

          HELD: 1.1. Section 25-0 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 states
    that ifan employer intended to close down an undertaking ofan industrial
D   establishment, he shall seek permission at least ninety days before the ·
    date ofintended closure is to become effective. The reason for the intended
    closure also should be given in detail and the copy of such application
    shall be served on the representatives of the workmen in the prescribed
    manner. It cannot be accepted that Section 25-0 would apply only to a
E   voluntary and intended closure of an undertaking. If the undertaking of
    an industrial establishment is to be closed for reasons beyond the control
    of the employer, provision have been made under sub-Section 7 of Section
    25-0 of the Act. {299-H; 300-A~BJ .

          · 1.2. In the instant case, SeCtion 25-0 would govern the situation
F as the appellant was asked to stop the mining activities in the forest
  land by the Divisional Forest Officer. It did not say that the mining
  activity shall be closed immediately or with effect from any particular .
  date; The appellant was asked to. produce map and other relevant
  records within a period of 5 days on which a decision was to be taken
G in the matter. The appellant declared lay .off on 31st July, 1993 itself
  and the ~ines were closed on 19th August, 1993. No order has been
  produced by the appellant to· show from which date the mining
  operations were directed to be stopped by th~ forest au tho rides; n~r
  any other documents. -Furthermore, from the facts, it is not very clear
H whether the appellant was disabled from obtaining prior perniissioit
       HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. v. U.0.l. [BALAKRISHNAN, J.]         295

  of the first respondent at least ninety days before the date of closure A
. of the mining operations. 1300-B-DJ

       1.3. The appellant had an establishment where more than 100
 workmen wer employed on an average per working day. In that event,
 the provisions contained in Chapter V-B of the Act would apply to the B
 appellant. Section 25-0 being the provision contained in Chapter
 V-B of the Act, they are the relevant provisions regarding the procedure
 for closing down of an undertaking. This clearly shows that Section
 25-FF A and Section 25-FFF of Chapter V-A would not apply in respect
 of the closure of the mining operations of the appellant. The appellant C
 admits that about 211 employees had been retrenched. Under sub-
 Section 8 of Section 25-0 special provision has been made for the
 payment of compensation to workers when a permission for closure is
 granted. If the workers are not so far paid their due compensation, the
 appellant should pay the same within two months. (301-A-DJ
                                                                           D
      CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 14136 of
 1996.

      From the Judgment and Order dated 19.6.96 of the Patna High Court
 in C.W.J.C. No. 699 of 1994.                                           E

     Dr. A.M. Singhvi, Shahid Rizivi, Ms. G. Rastogi, Ms. S. Goel, Ms.
 Manika Singh and Suman Jyoti Khaitan for the Appellant.

     A.G. Choudhary, Mrs. Indra Sawhney, Ms. K. Sawhney Seth, R.N.
 Poddar and Ms. Sarita Gupta for Mrs. Sheela Goel for the Respondents.     F

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      K.G. BALAKRISHNAN, J. The appellant is a Public Limited
 Company having its registered office at Bo':llbay, engaged in the business G
 of producing aluminium metal and its alloys and its factory is located at
 Renukoot in Uttar Pradesh. Bauxite being a raw material required for the
 manufacture of aluminium, the appellant obtained various mining leases
 in Bihar under the provisions of the Mines & Minerals Regulations and
 Development Act, 1957. Appellant was thus having a bauxite mining lease H
     296-                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003}SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

_A_ which•was known as Maidanpat Bauxite Mine. The mining operations at
     the Maidanpat Bauxite Mine were being done in forest·land as well as non-
     forest land. On 24th July, 1993, the Divisional Forest Officer, Ranchi
     West Forest Division, issued a letter to the appellant to stop' the mining
     activities in the forest land ofthe:Maidanpat Bauxite' Mines. The appellant
B    was asked to submit map and the records for decision to be taken in the
     matter; The appellant sent a reply stating that their lease was valid· upto
     January, 1997 and that they may be permitted\ to continue mining
     operations. According to the appellant, the Divisional Forest Officer did
     not accede to its request and the mining operations were abruptly stopped
     and· as there was- no· work for the workmen, a Jay off was declared from
C    3 lst"July,.1993: The-appellant alleged: that lay- off compensation was paid
     to the:workmen.

             The-leamed'counsel.for the;appellant further contended· that request
     was.made'to tlie·forest·authorities butno favour:able-response was received
D    from them and the·appeJ.lanthad.to close.the mine w.e.f. 19th August, 1993
     and this fact was intimated· to the.Divisional Forest Offic~ on 20th August,
      1993. Thereafter, a notice of closure under Section 25-FFF of the Industrial
     Disputes Act, 1947 (hereinafter being referre~· as "the ID. Act") was sent
     to the concerned-authorities. The appellant further contended that though
E-   Section 25-0 of the I.D. Act had no application,. in abundant caution the
     appellant made an application to the Union oflndia for permission to effect
     cfosure~ The application filed by the appellant was not entertained, as it
     was not filed within ninety days before the date of intended closure. The
     appellant thereafter explained the position of closing of the mine on. 19th
F    August,. 199T for which the permission could not be obtained in•advance.
     The· first respondent after hearing the appellant as well as the representa-
     tives of the workmen passed an order on 6th December, 1993. In that Order
     passed by the first respondent, the permission was granted subject to the
     following conditions:-

G             (i)·     The: closure· would be as per provisions of Section 25~0·of
                     - the Industrial Disputes Act; 1947;

              (ii)· Compensation and. notice salary: would have to be paid to
                    the: workmen as per. provisions- con~ained. under Section 25-
H                   0(8) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947;
      HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. v. U.0.1. [BALAKRISHNAN, J.]             297

         (iii) Whenever a fresh permission is granted to the Management A
               for mining in the State of Bihar, the retrenched workmen
               would be employed as per the provisions contained in
               Section 25-H of the Industrial Disputes Act.

              This permission shall take effect from the date of issue of B
              this letter."

      The appellant challenged the order of the first respondent dated 6th
December, 1993 before the High Court by contending that Section 25-0
of the l.D. Act had no application to the facts of the case as the closure
of the work was not intended by the appellant but as a result of the direction C
given by the Divisional Forest Officer. According to the appellant, a
voluntarily, planned and intended closure of an undertaking alone would
attract Section 25-0 of the l.D. Act and only under such circumstances,
prior permission of at least ninety days before the date of intended closure
is required to be obtained by the employer. The appellant had also D
contended before the High Court that the various conditions incorporated
in the impugned order of the first respondent were not warranted. But all
the pleas raised by the appellant were rejected by the Division Bench of
the High Court and aggrieved by the same, the present appeal is filed.

        We heard the learned Counsel for the appellant and also the learned E
Counsel for the Union of India as well as for the workmen. The learned
Counsel for the appellant strenuously contended· before us that Section
25-0 of the l.D. Act has no application and no prior permission was
required for the closure of the mining activities as the appellant never
intended to close it down before the expiry of the lease period. The learned F
Counsel for the appellant further contended thatas Section 25-0 of the I.D.
Act has no application, the appellant is liable to pay compensation to the
workmen only under Section 25-FFF of the l.D. Act. On a closer analysis
of the various provisions contained in the l.D. Act, it is clear that the pleas
raised by the appellant are not acceptable. Section 25-0 of the l.D. Act G
reads as follows:-

         25-0 "(I) An employer who intends to close down an undertaking
              of an industrial establishment to which this Chapter applies
              shall, in the prescribed manner, apply, for prior permission
              zt least ninety days before the date on which the intended H
    298             SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A               closure is to become effective, to the appropriate Governme.nt,
                stating clearly the reasons for the intended closure of the
                undertaking and a copy of such application shall also be
                served simultaneously on the representatives of the workmen
                in the prescribed manner:
B               Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to an
                undertaking set up for the construction of buildings, bridges,
                roads, canals, dams or for other construction work.

          (2)    Where an application for pennission has been made under
c               sub-section (I), the appropriate Government, after making
                such enquiry as it thinks fit and after giving a reasonable
                opportunity of being heard to the employer, the workmen
                and persons interested in such closure may, having regard
                to the genuineness and adequacy of the reasons stated by the
                employer, the interests of the general public and all other
D
                relevant factors, by order and for reasons to be recorded in
                writing, grant Oi refuse to grant such pennission and a copy
                of such order shall be communicated to the employer and
                the workmen.

E         (3)   Where an application has been made under sub-section (1)
                and the appropriate Government does not communicate the
                order granting or refusing to grant pennission to the em-
                ployer within a period of sixty days from the date on which
                such application is made, the permission applied for shall be
F               deemed to have been granted on the expiration of the said
                period of sixty days.

          (4)   An order of the appropriate Government granting or refus-
                ing to grant pennission shall, subject to the provisions of
                sub-section (5), be final and binding on all the parties and
G               shall remain in force for one year from the date of such
                order.

          (5)   The appropriate Government may, either on its own motion
                or on the application made by the employer or any workman,
H               review its order granting or refusing to grant permission
      HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. v. U.0.1. [BALAKRISHNAN, J.]              299

               under sub-section (2) or refer the matter to a Tribunal for      A
               adjudication:

               Provided that where a reference has been made to a Tribunal
               under this sub-section, it shall pass an award within a period
               of thirty days from the date of such reference.
                                                                                B
        (6)    Where no application for permission under sub-section (I)
               is made within the period specified therein or where the
               permission for closure has been refused, the closure of the
               undertaking shall be deemed to be illegal from the datt: of
               closure and the workmen shall be entitled to all the benefits    c
               under any law for the time being in force as if the under-
               taking had not been closed down.

        (7)    Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provi-
               sions of this section, the appropriate Government may, if it
               is satisfied that owing to such exceptional circumstances as
                                                                            D
               accident in the undertaking or death of the employer or the
               like it is necessary so to do, by order, direct that the
               provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply in relation to
               such unde1taking for such period as may be specified in the
               order.                                                       E
         (8)   Where an unde1taking is permitted to be closed down under
               sub-section (2) or where permission for closure is deemed
               to be granted under sub-section (3), every workman who is
               employed in that undertaking immediately before the date of F
               application for permission under this section, shail be
               entitled to receive compensation which shall be equivalent
               to fifteen days' average pay for every completed year of
               continuous service or any pa1t thereof in excess of six
               months."
                                                                                G
       Section 25-0 states that if an employer intends to close down an
undertaking ofan industrial establishment, he shall seek permission at least
ninety days before the date of intended closure is to become effective. The
reason for the intended closure also should be given in detail and the copy
of such application shall be served on the representatives of the workmen H
    300                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   in the prescribed manner. The contention of the appellant that Section
    25-0 would apply only to a voluntary and intended closure of an
    undertaking is without any force. If the undertaking of an industrial
    establishment is to be closed for reasons beyond the control of the
    employer, provisions have been made under sub-Section 7 of Section
B   25-0 of the I.D. Act. In the present case, the appellant was asked to stop
    the mining activities in the forest land by the Divisional Forest Officer by
    letter dated 24th July 1993. This letter does not say that the mining activity
    shall be closed immediately or with effect from any particular date. The
    appellant was asked to produce map and other relevant records within a
    period of 5 days and it is impo11ant to note tha• the appellant declared lay
C   off on 31st July, 1993 itself and according to the appellant, the mines were
    closed on 19th August, 1993. In the letter dated 24th July, 1993, it is stated
    that the decision would be taken after the receipt of the records from the
    appellant. No order has been produced by the appellant to show from
    which date the mining operations were directed to be stopped by the forest
D   authorities. The appellant has also not produced any other documents.
    From these facts also, it is not very clear whether the appellant was disabled
    from obtaining prior permission of the first respondent at least ninety days
    before the date of closure of the mining operations.

          The next contention urged by the appellant's learned Counsel is that
E the mining operations were stopped due to unavoidable circumstances, and,
    therefore, the appellant is liab:e to pay compensation only under Section
    25-FFF of the I.D. Act. This plea is also devoid of merit in view of the
    specific Section 25-K of the l.D. Act. Section 25-K Chapter V-B reads
    as under:-
F
             25K.(l) The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to an industrial
                 establishment (not being an establishment of a seasonal
                 character or in which work is performed only intermittently)
                 in which not less than [one hundred] workmen were em-
                 ployed on an average per working day for the preceding
G
                 twelve months.

             (2)   If a question arises whether an industrial establishment is of
                   a seasonal character or whether work is performed therein
                   only intermittently, the decision of the appropriate Govern-
H                  ment thereon shall be final."
       HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. v. U.0.1. [BALAKRISHNAN, J.]          301

     Admittedly, the appellant had an establishment where more than I 00     A
workmen were employed on an average per working day. This fact is not
disputed by the appellant. In that event, the provisions contained in
Chapter V-8 of the 1.0. Act would apply to the appellant. Section 25-0
being the provision contained in Chapter Y-8 of the l.D. Act, they are the
relevant provisions regarding the procedure for closing down of an           B
undertaking. This clearly shows that Section 25-FF A and Section 25-FFF
of Chapter V-A would not apply in respect of the closure of the mining
operations of the appellant. The appellant admits that about 211 employees
had been retrenched. Under sub-Section 8 of Section 25-0 special
provision has been made for the payment of compensation to workers when      C
a permission for closure is granted.

      In vie\v of the aforesaid circumstances, the plea of the appel Iant that
Section 25-0 of the l.D. Act applies to only planned and intended closure
by the employer is devoid of merits and Section 25-0 of the I.D. Act will
govern the situation. We find no error of jurisdiction or illegality in the D
impugned judgment. The appeal is without any merits and is dismissed.
If the workers are not so far paid their due compensation, the appellant shall
pay the same within a period of two months.

N.J.                                                   Appeal dismissed.