JANATA DAL (SAMAJWADI)versusTHE ELECTION COMMISSIONER OF INDIA

A                      JANATA DAL (SAMAJWADI)
                                 v.
                 THE ELECTION COMMISSIONER OF INDIA

                                 NOVEMBER 23, 1995

B         [J.S. VERMA, N.P. SINGH AND K. VENKATASWAMI, JJ.)

          Election Law :

          Election Symbols (Rese1vation and Allotment) Orde1; 196~Paras 6
C and 7-National Pmty-Derecognition of-If can be derecognized on the basis
    of elections h<:ld in only six states.

        Election Symbols (Rese1vation and Allotment) Orde1; 196~Paras 6,
  7 and 2(2)-Derecognition of National Party-Power of-No specific
  provisions vesting power in the Election Commission to derecognize once
D recognition has been granted-If Election Commission can still derecognize
  a National Pmty-General Clauses Act, 1897-Section 21.

           The appellant was recognised as a natio~al political party on
                                                                                   t-
    16.4.1991. In April - June, 1991, general elections were held in six States
E   and One Union Territory. On evaluation of the election results, the Elec-
    tion Commission found that the appellant had ceased to fulfil the criteria
    for recognition as a national political party under para 7 of the Election
    Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968 as it no longer
    remained a "recognised" political party in four States. For being a recog-
    nised "National Party", a political party should be a "recognised" political
F   party in four or more States. The conditions for being a "recognized"
    political party in a State have been specified in para 6 of the Election
    Symbols Order, 1968.

          The Election Commission issued a show cause notice to the appel-
G lant as to why the recognition of the appellant as a national party should
    not be withdrawn. Inc-reply the appellant contended that once the recogni-
    tion has been given, it cannot be withdrawn as there is no provision in the
    Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968 for withdrawal
    of recognition. It was also contended that performance of a party for
    purpose of recognition or derecognition should be judged only when
H   elections are held in all the States. The Election Commission passed an
                                         592
    JANATADAL(SAMATWADI)v. ELECTION COMMNR. OF INDIA 593

order derecognising the appellant as a national party. Against the order A
of the Election Commission, the present appeal was filed by the appellant.

      Dismissing the appeal, this Court

       HELD : 1.1. It is true that there is no specific provision under the
Election Symbols Order, 1968 vesting power in the Election Commission           B
after having recognised a political party as a national party to declare that
such political party has ceased to be a national party, not being entitled
to the exclusive use of the symbol allotted to it. But at the same time, it
cannot be conceive~ that a political party having been recognised as a
national party or State party as the case may be, on having fulfilled the       C
conditions prescribed in paragraph 6(2), shall continue as such in per-
petuity although it has forefited the right to be recognised as a national
party or a State party. [598-F-G]

      1.2. In paragraph 2(2) of the Election Symbols Order, 1968 it has
been specifically provided that the General Clause Act, 1897 shall as far D
as may be applicable in relation to the interpretation of the said order as
it applies in relation to the interpretation of a Central Act. Section 21 of
the General Clauses Act provides that where by any Central Act or
Regulation, a power to issue notifications, orders rules, or bye-laws is
conferred, then that power includes a power, exercisable in the like E
manner and subject to the like sanction, and conditions if any to add to,
amend, vary or rescind any notification, orders, rules or bye-laws so
issued. As paragraph 2(2) of the Election Symbols Order in clear and
unambiguous term makes provision of the General Clauses Act applicable
to the Election Symbols Order, it need not be impressed that provisions
of section 21 of the General Clauses Act, also become applicable vesting F
power in the Election Commission which had issued the aforesaid order
dated 16.4.1991 recognising the appellant as a national party to rescind
the said order. [598-H; 599-A-C]

      2. If for purpose of recognition of a political party as a national party
the conditions of paragraph 6(2) of the Election Symbols Order, 1968 have G
to be fulfilled only in four or more States, then on the same principle even
for withdrawing the said recognition the question has to be examined in
the light of paragraph 6(2) on the basis of the results in four or more
States and it cannot be urged that for withdrawing such recognition it
must await till elections are held in all the States within Union of India. H
    594                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995) SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A Once the Eiection Commission is satisfied that a political party recognised
    as a national party, has ceased to fulfil the conditions prescribed in
    paragraph 6(2) of the Symbols Order even in four States as a result of any
    election, it can derecognise such a political party as a national party.
                                                             [599-GH; 600-A-C]
B          3. There is no dispute that in the months of April-June, 1991 elec-
    tions were held in more than four States and on the basis of that results
    in those elections, the appellant could not be held to be a recognised
    political party in terms of paragraph 6(2) of the Election Symbols Order,
    1968 in atleast four States. The Election Commission was justified in
C   passing the impugned order in the light of paragraphs 6(2) and 7 (1) of the
    Election Symbols Order, 1968. [600-D-E]

          Kanhaiya Lal Omar v. RK Trivedi, [1985] 4 SCC 628, referred to.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1629
D (NCE) of 1993.
     .    From the Judgment and Order dated 21.2.92 of the Delhi High Court
    fu A. No. Nil of 1993.
         Prashant Kumar, A.M Khanwilkar and Yatender Sharma for the
E   Appellant.

          W.C. Chopra for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          N.P. SINGH, J. The validity of an order dated 21.2.1992 passed by
F   the Chief Election Commissioner of India withdrawing the recognition of
    Janta Dal (Samajwadi) as a national party, in exercise of the power vested
    in the Election Commission under paragraphs 6 and 7 of the Election
    Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order., 1968 (hereinafter referred to
    as the 'Symbols Order') is being questioned in this appeal.
G         The appellant was recognised as a national political party on 16-
    4-1991. The general elections to the Lok Sabha and to the Legislative
    Assemblies of the States of Assam, Haryana, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar
    Pradesh, West Bengal and the Union Territory of Pon di cherry were held
    in the months of April-June, 1991. A statement showing the number of
H   votes polled by the appellant at the aforesaid general elections held in the
     JANATA DAL (SAMAJWADI) v. ELECTION COMMNR. OF INDIA [N.P. SINGH, J.)   595

months of April-June, 1991 showing the performance of the appellant at            A
the poll was prepared by the Election Commission and thereafter a show
cause notice dated 4.12.1991 was issued to the appellant by the Election
Commission as to why the recognition of the appellant as a national party
should not be withdrawn under the provisions of the Symbols Order. The
General Secretary of the appellant responded to the aforesaid notice by           B
his letter dated 15.1.1992 seeking three months time to submit the reply on
behalf of the appellant, as the party was collecting information from its
State units. The time for filing the reply to the show cause notice was
extended. It was filed on 5.2.1992. A stand was taken on behalf of the
appellant that once recognition has been given to the party as a national
party there was no provision in the Symbols Order for withdrawal of the           C
said recognition. It was also asserted that the performance of a party for
purpose of recognition or derecognition has to be judged when the elec-
tions are held in all the States within Union of India and not only on basis
of elections held in only some of the States. It was pointed out that no
elections have been held in respect of State Assemblies of several States         D
like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Orissa, etc. However, the impugned
order was passed by the Election Commission withdrawing the recognition
of the appellant as a national party and forfeiting the right of the party for
the exclusive use of the symbol Woman carrying pot on her head', which
had earlier been reserved for the appellant. The Election Commission held
in the impugned order that a party once recognised cannot claim the               E
recognition in perpetuity and it has to show a minimum electoral support
for continued recognition in terms of paragraphs 6 and 7 of the Symbols
Order.

      Paragraph 2(h) of the Symbols Order defines "political party" to            p
mean an association or body of individual citizens of India registered with
the Commission as a political party under section 29(A) of the Repre-
sentation of the People Act, 1951. Paragraph 3 requires every association
or body of individual citizens of India to make an application to the
commission for its registration as a political party under section 29(A) of
the aforesaid Act. Symbol is to be allotted to a contesting candidate in          G
accordance with the provisions of the said Order. Paragraphs 6 and 7 which
are relevant for the present dispute are reproduced below :

            6. Classification of political paJties-(1) For the purposes of this
            11



         Order and for such other purposes as the Commission may specify H
    596                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A         as and when necessity therefor arises, political parties are either
          recognised political parties or unrecognised political parties.

          (2) A political party shall be treated as a recognised political party
          in a State, if and only if either the conditions specified in clause
          (A) are, or the condition specified in clause (B) is, fulfilled by
B         that party and not otherwise that is to say

             (A) that such party -

             (a) has been engaged m political activity for a continuous
          period of five years; and
c
              (b) has, at the general election in that State to the House of
          the People, or, as the case may be, to the Legislative Assembly,
          for the time being in existence and functioning returned -

             either (i) at least one member to the House of the People for
D         every twenty-five members of that House or any fraction of that
          number elected from that State;

              or (ii) at least one member to the Legislative Assembly of a
          that State for every thirty members of that Assembly or any fraction
E         of that number ;

              (B) that the total number of valid votes by all the contesting
          candidates set up by such party at the general election in the State
          to the House of the People, or as the case niay be, to the Legislative
          Assembly for the time being in existence and functioning (exclud-
F         ing the valid votes of each such contesting candidate in a con-
          stituency as has not been elected and has not polled at least
          one-twelfth of the total number of valid votes polled by all the
          contesting candidates in that constituency) is not less than four per
          cent of the total number of valid votes polled by all the contesting
          candidates at such general election in the State (including the valid
G
          votes of those contesting candidates who have forefeited their
          deposits.)

          (3) For the removal or doubts it is hereby declared that the
          condition in clause (A) or (B) of sub-paragraph (2) shall not be
H         deemed to have been fulfilled by a political party if a member of
     JANATADAL(SAMAJWADI) v. ELECTION COMMNR OFINDIA[N.P. SINGH, J.)        597

         the House of the People or the Legislative Assembly of the State          A
         becomes a member of that political party after his election to that
         House, or, as the case may be, that Assembly.

             "7. Two categories of recognised political parties - (1) If a
         political party is treated as a recognised political party in accord-
         ance with paragraph 6 in four or more States, it shall be known           B
         as, and shall have and enjoy the status of, a "National party"
         throughout the whole of India; and if a political party is treated as
         a recognised political party in accordance with that paragraph in
         less than four States, it shall be known as, and shall have and enjoy
         the status of, a "State part" in the State or States in which it is a     C
         recognised political party.

             (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub- paragraph (1),
         every political party which immediately before the Commencement
         of this Order is a multi-State party shall, on such commencement,
         be a National party and shall continue to be so until it ceases to D
         be a National party on the result of any general election held after
         such commencement.

             (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-paragraph (1),
         every political party which immediately before the commencement           E
         of this Order is in a State a recognised political party, other than
         a multi-State party as aforesaid shall, on such commencement, be
         a State party in that State and shall continue to be so until it ceases
         to be a State party in that state on the result of any general election
         held after such commencement."
                                                                                   F
         In view of the paragraph 6(2) a political party shall be treated as a
  recognised political party in a State, if and only if either the conditions
  specified in Clause (A) or the condition specified in Clause (B) is fulfilled
  by the party. Clause (A) requires such party to have been engaged in
  political activity for a continuous period of five years and has at the general G
  election in that State to the House of the People, or, as the case may be,
  to the Legislative Assembly, for the time being in existence and functioning
  returned at least one member to the House of the People for every
  twenty-five members of that House or any fraction of that number elected
  from that State or atleast one member to the Legislative Assembly of that
. State for every thirty members of that Assembly or any fraction of that H
    598                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A number. The alternative condition as specified in clause (B) is regarding
  the total number of valid votes specified in the said Clause (B) polled at
  the General Election in the State to the House of the People or to the
  Legislative Assembly for time being in existence and functioning. The
  conditions for being recognised as a 'national party' or 'state party' have
B been specified in paragraph 7(1), saying that if a political party is treated
  as a recognised political party in accordance with paragraph 6 aforesaid in
  four or more States, it shall be known as, and enjoy the status of a "National
  party" throughout the whole of India; on the other hand if a political party
  is treated as a recognised political party in accordance with paragraph 6
  aforesaid in less than four States, it shall be known as, and shall have and
C enjoy the status of, a "State party" in the State or States in which it is a
  recognised political party.

        There is no dispute that when the appellant was recognised as a
  national party on 16.4.1991 it fulfilled the conditions prescribed in para-
D graphs 6(2) and 7(1) of the Symbols Order. It is alSo an admitted position
  that when the show cause notice was given by the Election Commission to
  the appellant as to why- it should not be derecognised as a national party
  on the basis of the election results of the Legislative Assemblies on the
  States mentioned above in the months of April-June, 1991, the appellant
  did not fulfil the conditions prescribed in paragraphs 6(2) and 7(1) for
E being recognised as a national party. As such the question which is to be
  answered in as to whether once a political party is recognised as a national
  party having fulfilled conditions prescribed for the same in the Symbols
  Order can it be derecognised as a national party under the provisions of
  the same Symbols Order?
F
         It is true that there is no specific provision under the Symbols order
  vesting power in the Election Commission after having recognised a politi-
  cal party as a national party to declare that such political party has ceased
  to be a national party, not being entitled to the exclusive use of the symbol
  allotted to it. But at the same time, it cannot be conceived that a political
G party having been recognised as a national party or State party as the case
  may be on having fulfilled the conditions prescribed in paragraph 6(2) shall
  continue as such in perpetuity although it has forefited the right to be
  recognised as a national party or a State party. In paragraph 2(2) of the
  said Symbols Other it has been specifically provided that the General
H Clauses Act, 1897 shall as far as may be applicable in relation to the
     JANATA DAL (SAMAJWADI) v. ELECTION COMMNR. OF INDIA [N.P. SlNGH, J.]   599

interpretation of the said order as it applies in relation to the interpretation   A
of a Central Act. Section 21 of the General Clauses Act provides that
where by any Central Act or Regulation, a power to issue notifications,
orders, rules, or bye-laws is conferred, then that power includes a power,
exercisable in the like manner and subject to the like sanction, and condi-
tions if any to add to, amend, vary or rescind any notifications, orders, rules
                                                                                   B
or bye-laws so issued. As paragraph 2(2) of the order in clear and unam-
biguous term makes provision of the General Clauses Act applicable to the
Symbols Order, it need not be impressed that provisions of section 21 of
the General Clauses Act, also become applicable vesting power in the
Election Commission which had issued the aforesaid order dated 16.4.1991
recognising the appellant as a national party to rescind the said order as         C
appellant in the elections ,to the Legislative Assemblies of the States
mentioned above ceased to fulfil the conditions prescribed in paragraph
6(2) of the Order read with 7(1) thereof.

       The learned counsel, appearing on behalf of the appellant, submitted D
that even if it is assumed that Election Commission can exercise the power
of derecognising a national party after it has ceased to fulfil the conditions
prescribed in paragraph 6(2) that power can be exercised only after the
general election which means when elections are held in all the States
within the Union of India and not only in some of the States, as was the
situation in the months of April-June 1991. This argument appears to be E
attractive specifically in view of the expression "General Election" as
defined in paragraph 2 (t) and used in paragraph 6(2), but on proper
analysis and scrutiny, according to us, it cannot be accepted. The General
Elections in all the States at one time in India has now become a matter
of history. For one reason or other the elections are being held in group F
of States under different situations prevailing from time to time. Apart
from that as the condition prescribed in paragraph 7(1) for recognising a
political party as a national party is that it should be treated as a recognised
political party in accordance with paragraph 6, in four or more States; then
for purpose of withdrawing such recognition also it has to be examined as G
to whether after elections the said political party can be treated as a
recognised political party in accordance with paragraph 6 in four or more
states. If for purpose of recognising a political party as a national party the
performance of such party in our or more States has to be examined in
accordance with paragraphs 6 and 7 then it cannot be urged that for
withdrawing such recognition it must await till elections are held in all the H
    600                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A States within Union of India. If this stand is accepted then even for
  recognising a political party as a national party, such recognition should
  await till elections are held in all the States in India. Can recognition of a
  political party as a national party be not given, no sooner it fulfils the
  conditions specified in paragraph 6(2), in four or more States in view of
  paragraphs 7(1) of the Symbols Order? If for purpose of recognition of a
B political party as a national party the conditions of paragraph 6(2) have to
  be fulfilled only in four or more States, then one the same principle even
  for withdrawing the said recognition the question has to be examined in
  the light of paragraph 6(2) on the basis of the results in four or more States.
  Once the Election Commission is satisfied that a political party recognised
c as a national party, has ceased to fulfil the conditions prescribed in para-
  graph 6(2) of the Symbols Order not even in four States as a result of any
  election, it can derecognise such a political party as a national party. After
  any election such party must continue to be a recognised political party
  atleast in four States, otherwise the Election commission has to derecognise
D it as a national party. There is no dispute that in the months of April-June,
  1991 elections were held in more than four States and on the basis of the
  results in those elections, the appellant could not be held to be a recognised
  political party in terms of paragraph 6(2) of the Symbols Order in atleast
  four States. The Election Commission was justified in passing the im-
  pugned order in the light of paragraphs 6(2) and 7(1).
E
          This Court has examined the nature of the provisions of the Symbols
    Order in the case of Kanhaiya Lal Omar v. R.K Trivedi, AIR 1986 SC 111
     = (1985) 4 SCC 628. It was said that the Election Commission was em-
    powered to recognise political parties and to decide disputes arising
    amongst them or between splinter groups within a political party. It was
F
    further said that the Election Commission was empowered to issue the
    aforesaid Symbols Order because the said power was comprehended in the
    power of superintendence, direction and control of elections vested by
    Article 324 of the Constitution in the Commission. In that ccrnnection it
    was observed :
G
                "Even if for any reason, it is held that any of the provisions
             contained in the Symbols order are not traceable to the Act or the
             Rules, the power of the Commission under Article 324(1) of the
             Constitution which is plenary in character can encompass all such
H            provisions. Article 324 of the Constitution operates in areas left
     JANATA DAL (SAMAJWADI) v. ELECTION COMMNR. OF INDIA (N.P. SINGH, J.)   601

         unoccupied by legislation and the words 'superintendence',                A
         'direction' and 'control' as well as 'conduct of all elections' are the
         broadest terms which would include the power to make all such
         provisions. See Mo/tinder Singh Gill v. Chief Election Commis-
         sioner, New Delhi, [1978] 2 SCR 272 : AIR (1978) SC 851 andA.C.
         Jose v. Sivan Pillai, (1984) 3 SCR 74: AIR 1984 SC 921."
                                                                                   B
       The Election Commission on the materials produced before it rightly
came to the conclusion that the appellant had ceased to be a national party
or a State party and as such shall not be entitled to the exclusive use of the
symbol "Woman carrying pot on her head" earlier reserved for the appel-
lant. We find no reason to take a different view. Accordingly, the appeal          C
fails and it is dismissed. In the facts and circumstances of the case, there
shall be no orders as to costs.

B.K.M.                                                      Appeal dismissed.