JOY NATH GOALA AND ORS.versusBHABANI PRASAD CHOUDHARY AND ORS.

                        JOY NATH GOALA AND ORS.                                 A
                                        v.
               BHABANI PRASAD CHOUDHARY AND ORS.

                                MARCH 3, 1997

                [K. RAMASWAMY AND G.T. NANAVATI, JJ.)                            B

          Rent and Eviction :

           Eviction-Compromise decree-Tenants undertook to vacate the
    premises after expiry of three years-Premises not vacated-Eviction notice
    given-Suit by landlord for declaration of title and ejectment-Held, after the C
     tenn in the consent decree expired, the defendants remained in unlawful
    possession without any right or interest in the property-Once tenancy has
     been tennir.ated by a compromise decree, defendants cannot claim their
     continuance as tenants unless there is a further agreement between the
     landlord and tenant after the decree-Defendants have not pleaded adverse D
    possession in their pleadings disclaiming the title of the landlord nor has any
     issue been raised in that behalf and, as such, question of adverse possession
    .would not arise.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1829 of
    ~                                                                           E
         From the Judgment and Order dated 29.11.90 of the Assam High

-   Court in S.A. No. 34 of 1983.

          N.R. Choudhury and Somnath Mukherjee for the Appellants.
                                                                                 F
         S.B. Sanyal Bikash Kargupta and Avijit Bhattacharjee for the
    Respondents.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :

          Delay condoned.                                                       G
          Leave granted. We have heard the counsel on both sides.

         This appeal by special leave arises from the judgment <>f the
    Guwahati High Court, made on November 29, 1990 in Second Appeal No.
    34of1983.                                                           H
                                   625
     626                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [1997] 2 S.C.R.

·A          The admitted position is that one Susi) Goala, the predecessor-
     in-interest of the appellants in respect of the property in question had
     purchased the same on May 8, 1946. Further admitted position is that in a
                                                                                    -
     suit for eviction initiated in the year 1947 a compromise decree came to be
     made on January 26, 1948 under which the respondents who were tenants
B    in the property had undertaken to vacate the premises after expiry of three
     years. The period·had expired on January 25, 1951 but the respondents did
     not surrender possession of the premises. Consequently, after eviction
     notice was given in the year 1977, the suit for declaration of title to 1-29
     and ejectment of the respondents from the premises was sought and after
     trial, the trial Court decreed that suit and on appeal it was confirmed. But
C    in second appeal, the learned Judge reversed the decree and dismissed the
     suit on the finding that one Bhuban Choudhury was the con-tenant with
     the respondents and he was not made a party to the suit; as a consequence,
     the suit was bad for non-joinder of the necessary party. The High Court
     has also found that the appellants had not proved that the respondents had
D    been in possession for not more than 12 years and that, therefore, the suit
     is not .maintainable. Thus this appeal, by special leave.

         We find force in the contention of Shri N.R. Choudhury, learned
  counsel for the appellants, that the view taken by the High Court is wholly
  incorrect. As regards the first point, Bhuban Choudhury was a tenant at
E one point of time and, in fact, in the prior suit filed in 1947, he had not
  claimed any interest and had remained only proforma defendant to the suit
  and the respondents had suffered consent decree. It was also an admitted
  position that the suit was filed against the respondents and not against
  Bhuban Choudhury who disclaimed interest. In the cross-examination of
p the appellant it has been suggested that: "I do not know where Bhuban
                                                                                    -
  Choudhury is. After getting written statement I did not make enquiry
  about Bhuban Choudhury." This suggestion amounts to an implied admis-.
  sion that Bhuban Choudhury was not residing in the premises in question.
  It clearly appears that Bhuban Choudhury was not claiming any interest as
  a licensee under the compromise decree, dated January 26, 1948 nor was
G he in possession of the suit premises. As a consequence, the omission to
                                                                                    -
  implead Bhuban Choudhury was of no consequence and the suit w~s not
  bad for non-joinder of necessary parties.

           It is· seen that the respondents have not pleaded adverse possession
H in the pleadings nor has an issue been raised in that behalf. When the
                     JOY NATI! GOALA v. B.P. CHOUDHARY                         627

      appellants claimed their title to the property on the basis of the sale-deed,   A
      unless the r.espondents establish by evidence alluende by pleading adverse
      possessfon and proof of disclaimer of their right in their possession as
      licensees asserting their own right to remain in possession disclaiming the
    . title of the appellant, the question of adverse possession would not arise.
      It was neither pleaded as an issue nor has any finding been recorded by         B
      the courts below. The High Court was clearly in error in recording the
      finding that the appellants had not proved that the respondents were not
      in possession of the property adverse to the appellants' right. Therefore,
      the question of adverse possession of the respondents does not arise.




-           Under these circumstances, it is contended for the appellants by Sri C
     Sanyal, the learned senior counsel, that under the Assam Non-Agricultural
     Urban Areas Tenancy Act, 1955, the respondents cannot be ejected as they
     are the tenants of the premises. Even this sifting stand has no firm foothold
     and has become slippery and stands no scrutiny. It is seen that by applica-
     tion of Section 5 of the Act, with a non obstante clause, if a person comes
     into possession as a tenant 5 years prior to the Act coming into force and D
     constructed the house on the land with the permission of the landlord, the
     tenant cannot be ejected except in accordance with the provisions of the
     Act. Section 5 of the Act, therefore, has no application to the facts in this
     case. It is not the case of the respondents that they are continuing to pay
     the rent or that they have within five years of the coming into force of the E
     Act, obtained permission and constructed the building. On the facts in this
     case, it is seen that they have been in possession prior to 1946. After the
     term in the consent decree expired, they have remained in unlawful pos-
     session without any right or interest in the property.

           Once the tenancy has been terminated by a compromise decree, they          F·
    cannot claim their continuance as tenants unless there is a further agree-
    ment between the landlord and tenant, after the decree. That is not the
    case of the respondents. Therefore, the Act is clearly inapplicable to the
    fact-situation.

          The appeal is accordingly allowed. The judgment and decree of the
                                                                                      G
    High Court stand set aside and that of the trial Court and appellate Court
    stand confirmed. No costs.

     R.P.                                                        Appeal allowed.