Holding

A decree passed under the Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961 is not abated by the repeal and may be executed, the decree being saved by Section 70(2)(a) of the 1999 Act and Section 6 of the Karnataka General Clauses Act, 1899.

Summary

The tenants (Mis. M. Subbarao & Sons) were ordered to vacate non‑residential premises under the Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961. The Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1999 came into force on 31‑12‑2001, repealing the 1961 Act and containing a savings provision (Section 70). The tenants argued that, because the new Act did not apply to premises larger than 14 sq m, the decree under the old Act should stand abated under clause (c) of Section 70(2) and the execution petition filed after the repeal was invalid. The Supreme Court held that a decree passed under the repealed Act is not a "case pending" on the commencement date and is saved by Section 70(2)(a) and by Section 6 of the Karnataka General Clauses Act, 1899. Consequently, the decree remains enforceable and the execution proceedings may continue. The Court dismissed the appeal.

Issues considered

The effect of the repeal of the Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961 by Section 70 of the 1999 Act on decrees passed under the old Act that are pending execution.
Whether such decrees stand abated under clause (c) of Section 70(2) when the premises are not covered by the new Act.
The impact of Section 70 on special leave petitions filed under Article 136 of the Constitution.

Legislation cited

Karnataka General Clauses Act, 1899s. 24, s. 6, s. 8
Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961s. 12(1)(a), s. 2, s. 21

Subjects

rent controlevictionrepealsavings clauseexecution of decreeKarnataka Rent Control ActGeneral Clauses Actabated decreespecial leave petition

Judgment

A MIS. M. SUBBARAO AND SONS
v.
YASHODAMMA AND ORS'.

SEPTEMBER 17. 2002 .

B [R.C. LAHOTI AND BRIJESH KUMAR, JJ.]

Rent Control and Eviction :

Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1999-Section 70(2)(a)-Repeal of
C Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961-Ejfect of oi1 execzltion of decrees passed
under the 1961 Act-Held, pending executions in respect of decrees passed
under the 1961 Act are saved-Karnataka General Clauses Act, 1899-
Section 6.

D In eviction proceedings in respect of non-residentiai premises the plinth
area of which exceeded 14 sq. mts., eviction was ordered against the appellant-
tenants under Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961 (Old Act) and they were
directed to vacate the premises on or before 11.3.2002.

Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1999 (New Act) came into force w.e.f.
E 31.12.2001 and the Old Act was repealed. The New i¥t was not applicable to
the non-residential premises, plinth area of which exceeded 14 sq. metres.

When the appellant-tenants did not vacat~ the premises within the time
granted, respondent-landlords filed execution petition. Tenants objected to the
maintainability of the execution proceedings on the ground that the decree
F passed under the Old Act in. respect of the premises to which provisions of
the New Act were not applicable, had ceased to be executable with the repeal
of the Old Act. The objection was overruled by executing Court.

In revision, High Court held that where an order of eviction has already
been passed under the Old Act and is pending in execution, such proceedings
G can be continued and disposed of by executing Court as if the Old Act had not
been repealed; and that eviction order passed under the Old Act which has
become final and conclusive on or before 30.12.2001, in regard to which no
execution was levied on or before 30.12.2001 also can be executed thereafter.

In appeal to this Court, appellant-tenants contended that since on t~.
H
448
MIS. M. SUBBARAO & SONS v. YASHODAMMA [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 449

date of commenceme~t&f the New Act no proceeding was pending, the decree, A
in view of Section 70(2)(c) .of;fh~ New Act, would stand abated on 31.12.2001,
and hence the proceed.i.i!i: for execution of abated decree was not maintainable.

Dismissing the appeal, the Court
'
HELD: ExecutiRg ~ourt and the High Court have not erred in holding B
the decree not abated and available for execution as a valid decree in spite of
the repeal of the Old Act by Section 70 of Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1999.
Under Section 70(2Xa) of the New Act pending executions in respect of decrees
passed under the Old Act are saved. A decree passed by a competent Court
under Karnataka ~ent Control Act, 1961 cannot be said to be a 'case pending'
on 31.12.2001. Inasmuch as the decree is not covered by any of the clauses of C
sub-section (2) of Section 70 9f the New Act (as also by Section 69 of the New
Act which speaks of transfer of pending cases) the decree would be covered
under sub-Section (3) and attract applicability of Section 6 of the Karnataka
General Clauses Act, 1899 and would be protected thereunder. The decree
defines the right of landlord to eviction of tenant and the obligation or liability D
of the tenant to vacate the premises unde.r pain of execution. Such a right,
obligation or liability. is not"'affected by repeal of an enactment unless a
different intention'anpears. 'No such different intention appears from the
provisions of the New Act. 1453-A; 454-A; 452-F-H)

Mahendra Saree Emporium v. G. V. Srinivasa Murthy. 12002) 5 SCC E
416, distinguished.

Mis. Mercury Press & Ors. v. Ameen Shacoor and Ors., ILR (2002) Kar
2304 and Raminder Singh Sethi v. D. Vijayarangam, (2002) 4 SCC 675-
referred to.
..
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5912 of2002.
F

From the Judgment and Order dated 3.7.2002 of the Kamataka High
Court in H.R.R.P. No. 413 of2002.

Kiran Suri, S.S.f.a~maraj, Charu Wallinkhanna, Mohd. S. Hussain and G
Shankar Divate, for JaJ>pearing parties.
' Court was delivered by
The Judgment of the

R.C. LAHOTI, J. Le~ve granted.

The landlord-respondents initiated proceedings for eviction of the tenant- H
450 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A appellants on the grounds available under Clauses (t), (h) and (p) of sub-
section (I) of Section 21 of Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961 (hereinafter 'the
Old Act", for short). The trial Court directed eviction of the tenants Qn all the
three grounds. In a revision preferred by the tenants, the learned Additional
District Judge held the ground under Clause (h) not available to the landlords.
B However, the order of eviction was sustained upholding availability of grounds
under Clauses (f) and (p). The tenants and the landlords both filed revision
petitions before the High Court. By order dated I I. I0.2000, the High Court
disposed of both the revisions holding that subletting of tenancy premises
by the tenants was made out and hence order for eviction was sustainable
under Clause (t). The High Court did not deem it necessary to enter into the
C question of bona fide requirement. On a prayer made on behalf of the tenants,
they were allowed a period of one and a half'years for vacating the premises
which period was to expire on I Ith April, 2002.

Wiih effect from 31.12.200 I, the Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1999
(hereinafter 'the New Act', for short) came into force. The suit premises are
D non-residential premises measuring 352 sq. ft. i.e. more than 14 sq. mts ..
Section 2 of the New Act speaks of application of the Act. Sub-Section (3)
thereof provides that nothing contained in this Act shall apply, amongst
others, to any premises used for non-residential purpose but excluding premises
having a plinth area of not exceeding fourteen square meters used for
E commercial purpose. It is not disputed by learned counsel for the parties that
the plinth area of the suit premises exceeds 14 sq. mts. and the same are used
for commercial purpose, and therefore, the New Act is not applicable to the
premises.

As the tenants did not vacate the tenancy premises on or before
F 11.4.2002, the landlords filed execution proceedings after 11.4.2002. The tenants
objected to the maintainability of the execution proceedings submitting that
the decree passed under the Old Act in respect of the premises to which the
provisions of the New Act are not applicable, has ceased to be executable
with the repeal of the Old Act. The objection was overruled by the executing
Court as also by the High Court. The aggrieved tenant-judgment debtors
G have preferred this appeal by special leave.

Two que~tions arise for· consideration:-

I. What is the effect of repeal of the Old Act by Section 70 of the
New Act on such decrees as were passed under the Old Act and
H are yet to be executed?;
MIS. M. SUBBARAO & SONS v. YASHODAMMA [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 45j

2. What would be the effect of Section 70 of the New Act on special A
leave petitions filed under Article 136 of the Constitution or on
the appeals pursuant to the leave granted thereunder?

Section 70 of the New Act and Section 6 of the Karnataka General
Clauses Act, 1899 provide as Onder:-
B
"70. Repeal and Savings.-(1) The Karnataka Rent Control Act, 1961
(Karnataka Act 32 of 1961) is hereby repealed.

(2) Notwithstanding such repeal and subject to the provisions of
Section 69.-

(a) all proceedings in execution of any decree or order passed under C
the repealed Act, and pending at the commencement of this Act,
in any Court shall be continued and disposed off by such Court
as if the said enactment had not been repealed;

(b) all cases and p~oc~edings other than those referred to in clause
(a) pending at the commencement of this Act before the Controller, D
Deputy Commiss1oner; Divisional Commissioner, Court, District
Judge or the Hfg)l" Court or other authority, as the case may be
in respect of the premises to which this Act applies shall be
continued and disposed off by such Controller, Deputy
Commissioner, Oivisional Commissioner, Court, District Judge or E
the High Court or other authority in accordance with the
. provisions of this Act. .

(c) all other cases and proceedings pending in respect of premises
to which this Act does not apply shall as from the date of
commencement Qf the Act stand abated. F
(3) Except as otherwise provided in Section 69 and in sub-section (2)
of this section, provisi::,ns of Section 6 of the Karnataka General
Clauses Act, 1899 (Ka~ataka Act III of 1899), shall so far as may be
applicable in respect of repeal of the said enactment, and Sections 8
and 24 of the said Act shall be applicable as if the said enactment had G
been repealed and rl(·enacte·~ by this Act."

"6. Effect of repeal. ~Where this Act or any Mysore Act or Kamataka
Act made after the co!}lffiencement of this act, repeals any enactment
hitherto made or herealter to be made, then, unless a different intention
appears, the repeal shall not- H
452 . SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A (a) revive anything not in force or existing at the time at which the
repeal takes effect; or

(b) affect the previous operation of any enactment so repealed or
anything duly done or suffered thereunder; or

(c) affect any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued
B or incurred under any enactment so repealed; or

(d) affect any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of
any offence committed against any enactment so repealed; or

(e) .affect any investigation, legal proceeding or remedy in respect of
\C any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or
punishment as aforesaid; .
and any such investigation, legal proceeding or remedy may be
instituted, continued or enforced, and any such penalty, forfeiture or
punishment may be imposed, as if the repealing Act had not been
D passed."

The learned counsel for the tenant-appellants submitted that the tenants
having been allowed 18 months' time for vacating the suit premises under an
order of eviction which achieved finality on 11.10.2000, the execution was
leviable only after 11.4.2002 and, thus, there were no proceedings pending on
E 31.12.200 I, the date on which the New Act came into force. As nothing was
pending (not even the execution proceedings) on 31.12.2001, the date on
which the New Act came into force, Clauses (a) and (b) of sub-Section (2)
of Section 70 of the New Act would not apply; the case would be covered
by Clause (c) within the meaning of "all other cases .. in respect of premises
F to which this Act does not apply" and, therefore, the decree under the Old
Act shall, as from 3l.12.2001, the date of commencement of the New Act,
stand abated. The proceedings, for execution of a decree which had stood
abat~d, filed after the commencement of the New Act were incompetent and
hence the executing Court ought not to have proceeded ahead in an execution
filed after the commencement of the New Act and, instead, should have
G simply declared the decree inexecutable as having abated.
We find the submission of the learned counsel for the appellants devoid
of any merit. A decree passed by ~ competent Court under the Old Act cannot
be said to be a 'case pending' on 31.12.200 I. Inasmuch as the decree is not
covered by any of the clauses of sub-Section (2) of Section 70 of the New
H Act (as also by Section 69 of the New Act which speaks of transfer of
MIS. M. SUBBARAO & SONS v. YASHODAMMA [R.C. LAHOTI, J.) 453

pending cases) the decree would be covered under sub-Section (3) and attract A
applicability of Section 6 of the Karnataka General Clauses Act and would be
protected thereunder. The decree defines the right of landlord to eviction of
tenant and the obligation or liability of the tenant to vacate the premises
under pain of execution. Such a right, obligation or liability is not affected by
repeal of an enactment unless a different intention appears. No such different B
intention appears from the provisions of the New Act. Under Section 70(2)(a)
of the New Act pending executions in respect of decrees passed under the
Old Act are saved. It will be preposterous to hold that though a pending
execution application is saved, a decree, which is yet to be executed, is not
saved.

A Division Bench ofKarnataka High Court (R.V. Raveendran and K.L.
c
Manjunath, JJ.) had an occasion to examine such an issue in Mis. Mercury
Press & Ors. v. Ameen Shacoor & Ors., ILR (2002) Kar 2304. During the
course of its judgment the Division Bench has observed :

" ............ Though the Old Act did not confer any rights on a landlord D
but only restricted the absolute right of the landlord under the
provisions of the Transfer of Property Act, if an order of eviction has
already been passed under the Old Act, then the right to evict the
tenant has been acquired by the landlord and a corresponding
obligation or liability had been incurred by the tenant to vacate the
premises or be evicted from the premises, under the order of eviction. E
Such right (liability acquired or incurred under the order of eviction
passed under the Old Act on or before 30.12.2001 remains unaffected
by the repeal having regard to Section 6 of the General Clauses Act
and as a consequence, the landlord becomes entitled to enforce such
order of eviction by executing it, subject to any remedy to which the p
tenant will be entitled under law." (Para 20)

The Division Bench, having examined the issue from several angles,
summed up its conclusion as under:-"

(a) Matters pending in execution: G
Where an order of eviction has already been passed under the
Old Act and is pending in execution, irrespective of whether the order
was in regard to premises to which the New Act applies or not, such
execution proceedings can be continued and disposed of by executing
Court as if the Old Act had not been repealed; H
454 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2002) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A Orders of eviction passed under the Old Act which have become
final and conclusive on or before 30.12.2001 in regard to which no
execution was levied on or before 30.12.2001, can also be executed
thereafter as if the Old Act has not been repealed."

We find ourselves in agreement with the view of law taken by the High
B Court of Karnataka and approve the same. We are, therefore, of the opinion
that the executing Court and the High Court have not erred in any manner
in holding the decree not abated and available for execution as a valid decree
in spite of the repeal of the Old Act by Section 70 of the New Act.

C It was submitted at the Bar that there appears to be some conflict in two
decisions of this Court namely, Raminder Singh Sethi v. D. Vijayarangam,
[2002] 4 SCC 675 and Mahendra Saree Emporium v. G. V. Srinivasa Murthy,
(2002) 5 SCC 416. We have carefully examined both the decisions and we find
that there is no conflict between the law laid down by this Court in the two
decisions. In Raminder Singh Sethi's case, eviction of the tenant was directed
D under Section 12(1)(a) of the Old Act. Section 12 is placed in Part II of the
Old Act. The eviction proceedings were commenced in the year 1982 when
the period of five years from the date of construction of the building had not
expired and to such a premises provisions of Part Ill of the Old Act were not
applicable. Part III contains Section 18 which prohibits recovery of unlawful
E charges by the landlord including any premium or any rent in addition to fair
rent. This Court upheld the eviction of tenant under Section 12(1 )(a) of the
Act. Before th is Court the tenant pleaded that the New Act having been
brought into force during the pendency of the proceedings conferred certain
additional protection on the tenant who's eviction was sought for on the
ground of default in payment of arrears. Vide para 6, this Court refused to
F evaluate the legality of the decree passed under the Old Act by testing it by
reference to the provisions of the New Act on the twin grounds: that the
rights of the parties to litigation ordinarily stand crystallized on the date of
the commencement of lis and have to be determined by reference to the law
applicable on that day, and that the provisions of the New Act are not
G retrospective in their application. This Court observed inter alia that Secti9fl
70 of the New Act does not provide for the provisions of the Act being made
applicable to the appeal or proceedings pending before the Supreme Court.
Jn Mahendra Saree Emporium's case, an appeal pursuant to leave granted
under Article 136 of the Constitution was pending in this Court when the New
Act came into force. The decree passed by the High Court directing eviction
H of tenant was in issue before this Court. In view o(the area of the premises
MIS. M. SUBBARAO & SONS v. YASHODAMMA [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 455

being such as to which the provisions of the New Act did not apply, this A
Court proceeded on an assumption that the appeal shall stand abated by
virtue of the provisions contained in_ Clause (c) of sub-Section (2) of Section
70 of the New Act. It appears that such position of law was almost not
disputed and, therefore, there is no in-depth scrutiny of the provisions nor
any reasons assigned for the view taken. In any case, the case before us does
not bear any similarity with the facts in the case of Mahendra Saree Emporium. B

No fault can be found with the view taken by the High Court. The
appeal is dismissed. However, the tenant-appellants are allowed three months'
time for vacating the suit premises subject to their clearing all the arrears of
rent and filing an usual undertaking within three weeks from today, and C
thereafter continuing to pay the arrears of rent falling due month by month
until delivery of possession. No order as to the costs.

K.K.T. Appeal dismissed.