Supreme Court of India
M/S. SUPER POLY FABRIKS LTD.versusCOMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNJAB
- Citation
- 2008 INSC 519
- Decided
- 24 April 2008
- Disposal
- Case Partly allowed
- Bench
- S B SINHA
Holding
The determination of whether the assessee is a clearing and forwarding agent must be based on the substance of the agreement, and since this was not decided, the matter must be remitted to the assessing authority for factual determination.
Summary
M/S Super Poly Fabriks Ltd entered into a "Consignment Stockistship Agreement" with GAIL. The Commissioner of Central Excise issued a show‑cause notice demanding service tax, alleging that the company acted as a clearing and forwarding (C&F) agent under Section 65(25) of the Finance Act, 1994. The assessee contended that it merely procured orders on behalf of GAIL and did not provide C&F services. The Supreme Court held that the nature of the transaction must be ascertained from the substance of the agreement, not from its title or isolated activities, and that the question of whether the assessee was a C&F agent remained undecided. Consequently, the Court set aside the lower orders and remitted the matter to the assessing authority for a factual determination, directing the parties to cooperate, and allowed the appeal in part.
Issues considered
- Whether the activities undertaken under the Consignment Stockistship Agreement constitute "clearing and forwarding agent" services within the meaning of Section 65(25) of the Finance Act, 1994.
- Whether the assessee is liable to pay service tax on the commissions received.
- Whether the nomenclature of the agreement can be decisive in determining the nature of the service.
- Whether the appellate authority erred in deciding the liability without a proper hearing.
Legislation cited
- Finance Act, 1994s. 65(19), s. 65(25)
- Service Tax Acts. 68, s. 70, s. 77
Subjects
service taxclearing and forwarding agentconsignment stockistship agreementcontract interpretationFinance Act 1994assessing authorityremand
Judgment
(2008] 6 S.C.R. 1076
Ii- •
A M/S. SUPER POLY FABRIKS LTD.
v.
COMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNJAB
(Civil Appeal No. 1713 of 2007)
APRIL 24, 2008
B
[S.B. SINHA AND V.S. SIRPURKAR, JJ.]
t
Finance Act, 1994 - s. 65 (19) and (25) - Service tax -
Liability to pay - Assessee entering into 'Consignment
c Stockistship Agreement' with a company- Demand of service
tax - Assessee denying the liability on the ground that it was
not rendering any service as a clearing and forwarding agent
- Authorities/courts below holding the assessee liable - On
appeal, held: The fact as to whether the assessee in effect
and substance was a clearing and forwarding agent, can be
0
ascertained from the terms of the agreement - In the instant
case, the same having not been decided, matter remitted to
assessing authority for determination of the same - Finance
Rules, 1994 - r. 7.
E Appellants-assessee entered into an agreement
'Consignment Stockistship Agreement' with Gas Authority
of India Ltd. Respondent-Revenue issued Show Cause
Notice to the appellant-assessee asking it to pay 'service
tax'. Showing the cause, the assessee stated that it was
F not providing any service as a clearing and forwarding
agent of GAIL. Revenue directed payment of service tax. ,.. \
The order was unsuccessfully challenged before the
appellate authority as well as before Central Excise and
Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal. Hence the present appeal.
G Appellant contended that it was not liable to pay the
tax as its activities did not extend to the job of a clearing
and forwarding agent as it merely accepted offers on
behalf of its principal. ~·
H 1076
M/S. SUPER POLY FABRIKS LTD. v. COMMISSIONER 1017 ·
OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNJAB
Respondent-Revenue contended that if the A
agreement is read as a whole, the appellant, apart from ·
receiving orders on behalf of its principal, also used to
get the insurance cover for the goods and sale of the
goods which would come within the perview of clearing
. and forwarding activities; and that such activities being s
not incidental to the main purpose, the assessee is rightly
held Hable to pay the tax.
Partly allowing the appeal, the c·ourt
HELD: 1. There cannot be any doubt whatsoever that c
1 a document has to be read as a whole. The purport and
object with which the· parties thereto entered. into a
. contract ought to be ascertained only from the terms and
conditions thereof. Neither the nomenclature of the
document nor any particular activity undertaken by the
0
parties to the contract would be decisive. For the purpose
of ascertaining as to whether the appellant in effect and
substance was a clearing and forwarding agent or it was
merely accepting orders for and on behalf of GAIL; the
same must be ascertained from the terms of the
agreement itself: [Paras 8 and 11} [1081-B; G] E
V Lakshinanan Ii. B. R. Mangalagiri and Ors. 1995
Supp.(2) SCC 33; Assam Small Scale. Ind. Dev. Corp. ·Ltd.
·. and Ors. v. J.D. Pharmaceuticals. and Anr. 2005 (8) SCALE
· 298 .- relied on. · F
'1 2. The agreement is titled as "Consignment
Stockistship Agreement". Appellant has various jobs to
j:>erfoqn thereunder. It is necessary to determine the .
question as to whether the purported job of the appellant
as a clearing and forwarding agent was incidental to its G
main activity, namely; getting orders from the clients and
selling the products' to varii:>us customers of.the company
>~ or not. In the notice .to show cause its activities are said
to be sale and/or getting booking or.ders fo.r the product.
H
1078 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008) 6 S.C.R.
A Whether in the aforementioned situation, the appellant has 1- •
incurred any liability to pay service tax or not has not been
determined. Its principal activities, have not been
determined. Appellant has also not appeared before the
assessing authority or the appellate authority. The interest
8 of justice would be subserved if the matter is remitted to
the assessing authority with liberty to the parties to adduce
such evidence as may be found necessary for determining t
the issue(s). [Paras 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21] [1083-H; 1084-A,
D, E, H; 1085·A·C]
c Larsen and Tourbo Ltd. v. Commissioner of Central
Excise, Chennai 2006 (3) STR 321 (T·LB); Medpro Pharma
Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE, Chennai 2006 (3) STR 355 (T·LB) ·-referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal
No.1713 of 2007.
D
From the Judgment and Order No. 363/06-ST dated 25 &
26.9.2005 of the Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate +
Tribunal (CESTAT) in Appeal No. ST/95/05.
P.K. Sahu and Radha Shyam Jena for the Appellant.
E
Gopal Subramanium, ASG., Asheesh Jain and 8. Krishna
Prasad for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
F S.B. SINHA, J. 1. Short question arising in the appeal is
whether in the facts and circumstances of this case, the r '
petitioner renders any services so as to incur the liability to pay
service tax.
2. The factual background leading to the said question may
G briefly be noticed.
Appellants herein entered into an agreement with Gas
Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) titled 'Consignment Stockistship
Agreement'. ~-
H 3. Inter alia, on the premise as to why they should not be
•
M/S. SUP!;R POLY FABRIKS LTD: v. COMMISSIONER 1079
OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNJAB [S.B. SINHA, J.]
~-,,...:
asked to pay 'services taxes', a show cause notice was issued A
on the appellant on 20. 10.2003. Cause was shown by it saying
that no service is being provided by it as a clearing and
forwarding agent of GAIL. An order in original was passed by
the Deputy Commissioner, Central Excise on 17.3.2004
directing payment of service tax with interest as also penalties B
as demanded under the show cause notice.
4. An appeal preferred thereagainst by the appellant was
dismissed by the appellate authority by a judgment and order
dated 15.2.2005. A further appeal preferred by the appellant
before the Central Excise and Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal has c
also been dismissed.
5. Mr. P.K. Sahu, learned counsel appearing on behalf of
the appellant, drawing our attention to the impugned order, would
submit that from a bare perusal thereof, it would be evident that
D
the appellant merely accepts offer on behalf of its principal and
.+- its activities being not extended to the job of a clearing and
forwarding agent, the impugned order cannot be sustained.
It was urged that the authorities under the Act in
determining the liabilities of the appellant had proceeded only E
on the premise that a processing agent would be a clearing
and forwarding agent as was held in the case of Prabhat Zarda
Factor (Pvt.) Ltd. v. CC£, Patna [2002 (145) ELT 222] which
having subsequently been overruled by the larger Bench of the
Tribunal, the impugned judgment cannot be sustained. F
6. Mr. Gopal Subramanium, learned Additional Solicitor
General appearing on behalf of the Respondent, on the other
hand, would contend that a document must be read as a whole.
So read, it would appear that the appellant not only receives
orders on behalf of GAIL but also gets the insurance cover for G
the goods and sale of the goods which would clearly come within
the purview of clearing and forwarding activities. Such activities
,_,,,._
on the part of the appellant, it was urged, being not incidental to
the main purpose for which it was appointed as a stockist agent,
the impugned judgment cannot be faulted. H
1080 SUPREME COURT REPORTS · [2008] 6 S.C.R.
., ~
A 7. Before we embark upon the rival contentions of the
parties, we may notice the definition of 'clearing and forwarding
agent' as also 'business auxiliary service' as contained in
Section 65(19) and Section 65(25) of the Act, which read as
under:
B "65(19) "business auxiliary service" means any service in
relation to-
(i) promotion or marketing or sale of goods produced
or provided by or belonging to the client; or
c (ii) promotion or marketing of service provided by the
client; or
(iii) any customer care service provided on behalf of the
client; or
D (iv) procurement of goods or services, which are inputs
for the client; or
~
(v) production or processing of goods for, or on behalf
of, the client;
E (vi) provision of service on behalf of the client; or
(vii) a service. incidental or auxiliary to any activity
specified in sub-clauses (i) to (vi), such as billing,
issue or collection or recovery of cheques, payments,
maintenance of accounts and remittance, inventory
F management, evaluation or development of
prospective customer or vendor, public relation r
. .
services, management or supervision,
and includes. services as a commission agent, but does
G not include any information technology service and any
activity thatamounts to "manufacture" within the meaning
of clause (f) of section 2 of the Central Excise Act, 1944(1
of 1944).
(25) "clearing i'!nd forwarding agent" means any person
-··
H who is engaged in providing any service, either directly or
M/S. SUPER POLY FABRIKS LTD. v. COMMISSIONER 1081
OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNJAB [S.B. SINHA, J.]
~~
indirectly, connected with the clearing and forwarding A
operations in any manner to any other person and includes
a consignment agent;
8, There cannot be any doubt whatsoever that a document
has to be read as a whole. The purport and object with which
the parties thereto entered into a contract ought to be B
ascertained only from the terms and conditions thereof. Neither
the nomenclature of the document nor any particular activity
undertaken by the parties to the contract would be decisive.
9. In V Lakshmanan v. B.R. Mangalagiri and Ors. [1995 c
Supp.(2) SCC 33], the Supreme Court in regard to interpretation
of the clause stipulating the payment of money as advance and
not earnest moriey provided for in the Sale Deed opined :
"The nomenclature or label given in the agreement as
advance is not.either decisive or immutable." D
10. In Assam Small Scale Ind. Dev. Corp. Ltd. and Ors. v.
J.O Pharmaceuticals and Anr [2005 (8) SCALE 298 =(2005)
13 sec 19], on the decisiveness ofthe nomenclature of the
agreement entered into between the state corporation and small
·E
scale industrial unit, opined:
"The expressions 'principal' and 'agent' used in a document
are not decisive. The nature of transaction is required to
be determined on the basis of the substance there and
not by the nomenclature used. Docutnents are to be F
~
., · · construed having regard to. the contexts thereof wherefor
'labels' may not be of much relevance." .
11. For the purpose of ascertaining as to whether the
appellant in effect and substance was a clearing and forwarding
agent or it was merely accepting orders for and on behalf of G
GAIL, the same must be ascertained from the terms of the
agreement itself.
,.....,_
12. Section 68 of the Act envisages every person providing
taxable service to any person shall pay the service tax at the
H
1082 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008] 6 S.C.R.
+- •
A rate specified in Section 66 thereof in such manner and within
such period as may be prescribed.
Section 70 of the Act provides for furnishing of returns to
the Superintendent of the Central Excise by every person liable
to pay service tax.
B
13. Rule 7 of the Finance Rules, 1994 provides for
submitting a half-yearly return by the assessee in the prescribed t
form. Section 77 provides for penalty for contravention of any
provision for which no other penalty is provided.
c 14. Unfortunately, the appellant did not appear before the
assessing authority. He also did not appear before the appellate
authority. The appellate authority in its order dated 15.2.2005,
inter alia, noticed :
"During the appeal no one appeared for personal hearing
D
fixed on 12.7.2004 and 20.7.2004. Therefore, I am going
to decide the case on the basis of evidence available on ~
records. I have carefully gone through the facts and records
of the case and observe that the issue involved is non-
payment of Service Tax by the appellant. The appellant
E has contended that levying of Service Tax on amount
received as commission for procuring orders for another
person Is not legal. Under Section 65(25) "C&F Agent"
has been defined as any person who Is engaged In the
providing any service, directly or indirectly connected with
F clearing and forwarding operation In any manner to any
other person and "C&F agent" Includes consignment r
agent. The appellant has themselves admltt~d that they
were procuring orders for M/s. GAIL. Since during the
relevant period appellant was providing services to M/s.
G GAIL so service tax has been correctly demanded from
them."
15. The High Court, however, relying on clauses 4, 5, 11,
14 and 15 of the Agreement opined :
-\"' .
H "The agent were not at all concerned with the handling or
MIS. SUPER POLY FABRIKS LTD. v. COMMISSIONER 1083
OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNJAB [S.B. SINHA, J.)
~f
movement of goods unlike in the present case where the A
consignment agent is required to lift the goods from the
factory of the principal and distribute the same either
directly to the buyers or bring them to his godown for future
sale and delivery. From the agreement under our scanner,
it also appears that the liability for delays in delivery in B
transit through the air, road or water ways solely rested on
1 the appellant. There is a more explicit indication of the
fact that the appellant was required by his agency terms
to lift the goods for delivery and arrange for distributing
them to the buyers, by making necessary transit c
arrangements. Therefore, the activities of lifting, receiving,
stocking and delivering the goods to the buyers, clearly
make a clear chain of activities, involving clearing and
forwarding operations."
16. The High Court also, while distinguishing the judgment D
-t- of the larger Bench of the Tribunal, in Larsen & Tourbo Ltd. v.
Commissioner of Central Excise, Chennai [(2006) 3 STR 321
(T-LB)) and Medpro Pharma Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE, Chennai [(2006)
3 STR 355 (T-LB), opined :
"In this context, a plain reading of Section 65(105)0), would E
•reveal that 'Taxable Service' should mean any service
provided to a client by a clearing and forwarding agent
including a consignment agent (Emphasis supplied) in
relation to clearing and forwarding operations, in any
manner. In the present case, the appellant is admittedly a F
consignment stockist, who is actively involved in "Clearing
& Forwarding Operation" by taking responsibilities for the
movement of goods right from the factory/warehouse of
the principal upto the stage of delivery to the buyers in one
or many ways. There is, therefore, no doubt, that the G
appellant is fully covered within the tax framework, being
~-f·
a "Clearing & Forwarding Agent" engaged in relation to
'Clearing & Forwarding Operations'."
17. The agreement is titled as "Consignment Stockistship
H
1084 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008] 6 S.C.R.
A Agreement". Appellant has various jobs to perform thereunder.
It does not arrange for any transport. It, however, provides for
godowns. It gets the insurance company to conduct a survey. It
has to furnish dates as regards stock in its custody. It has to
furnish guarantee to recover full value of the stocks which it holds
B for the company or sell on behalf of the company or for such a
sum as would be determined by the company in its discretion.
The company, however, has to indicate the recommended list
prices for the sale of the product whereto the appellant is entitled
to at octroi duty, terminal tax, sales tax or other local taxes or
C levies in forced in the local area and recover the same from
their customers and maintain proper accounts for the same.
Clauses 13 and 14 of the said agreement empower to sell the
goods as also to issue Form 'F' to the Company.
It is also responsible for collection of tax.
D
18. What is necessary for determining the question is as
to whether the purported job of the appellant as a clearing and
forwarding agent was incidental to its main activity, namely,
getting orders from the clients and selling the products to various
customers of the company or not. The notice to show cause
E contained the following elements:
"(i) Service charges of Rs.500/- PMT shall be paid 'by
Mis GAIL to the consignment stockist (i.e. noticee)
for the quantity sold by them.
F (ii) Rs.400/- PMT shall be paid to the consignment
stockist for getting/booking orders for the product of
M/s. GAIL.
(iii) Rs.100/- PMT shall be paid to the consignment
stockist for release/clearance of product locally from
G
their stock on the orders booked by Mis. GAIL
directly."
19. The period in question is from 1.9.1999 to 31.7.2002.
The notice to show cause had referred only to paragraph 20.1
H and 20.3 of the agreement. Its activities are said to be sale
M/S. SUPER POLY FABRIKS LTD. v. COMMISSIONER .1085
OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PUNJAB [S.B. SINHA, J.]
•+
·and/or getting booking orders for the product. A
20. Whether in the aforementioned situation, the appellant
has incurred any liability to pay service tax or not has not been
determined. Its principal adivities, as indicated hereinbefore,
have not been determined.
B
21. It is true that the appellant has not appeared before
the assessing authority or the appellate authority.
However, keeping this in view, we are of the opinion, that
the interest of justice would be subserved if the matter is remitted
to the assessing authority with liberty to the parties to adduce C
such evidence as may be found necessary for determining the
issue(s).
Appellant, however, shall not take any adjournment before
the assessing authority and shall render all cooperation with it
0
in the matter of determination of the question.
22. The impugned orders are set aside including the order
of penalty with the aforementioned directions. Appeal is allowed
to the aforementioned extent with no orders as to costs.
K.K.T. E
Appeal partly allowed.
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