M/S. WESTERN INDIA PLYWOODS LTD.versusCOLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, KOCHIN

A                  M/S. WESTERN INDIA PLYWOODS LTD.
                                         v.
                     COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, KOCHIN

                               OCTOBER 7, 2005

B                    [RUMA PAL AND S.H. KAPADIA, JJ.]


          Customs Tariff Act, 1975--SH 8439.91 and SH 8479.89-Jmport of
    Pulp making machinery-Machinery comprising offive components including
C   motor vibrator with actuator-Classification of motor vibrator with actuator-
    CEGA T classifying it under residuary heading 8479.89-Challenged by the
    importer-Held: Residuary heading is applicable only if machinery does not
    fall within any other heading-,-The function of Motor vibrator with actuator
    is to regulate .the flow of wood chips into screw feeder at a predetermined
    rate and therefore it is not a prime mover as held by CEGAT-This aspect
D   requires in-depth examination-Matter remanded back for reconsideration.

         Appellant imported a complement of pulp-making machinery for
    conversion of wood-chips into pulp. The said machinery c_omprised of five
    components, namely, defibrator, screw feeder chutes, motor vibrator with
    11ctuator, sealing water system and high temperature protection
E   equipment. CEGAT classified the imported motor vibrator under CTA:
    8479.89.

          In appeal to this Court, appellant contended that the motor vibrator
    works in conjunction with the defibrator in feeding the wood-chips into
F   the screw feeder at a pre-determined rate, hence constitutes an integral
    part of the pulp-making machinery and is classifiable under CTA: SH
    8439.91 and not under CTA: SH 8479.89.

         Allowing the appeal and remitting back the matter to CEGAT, the
    Court
G
         .HELD: l. In the matter of Classification, unless the department is in·
    a position to establish that the goods iri question can by no conceivable
    process of reasoning be brougllt under CTA:SH 8439.91, resort cannot
    be had to be residuary heading 8479.89. 1220-G, H; 221-AI
H                                       218
               WESTERN INDIA PLYWOODS LID. •·.COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, KOCH!N   2 J9
            2.1. The residuary item is applicable only if the machinery in question A
     does not fall within any other heading. It is well settled that the application
     of the residuary tariff entry must always be made with a good deal of
     caution as it is attracted only when no other provision expressly or by
     necessary implication applies to the goods in qu~stion. In the matter of
     classification, identification of an entity is the primary step. Identification B
     is concerned with goods and not with the description of goods. The
     description of goods would b~ relevant for the application of a particular
     tariff entry to the ·i'!Jported goods. In several cases, a single tariff item
     refers to a large number of goods of different types. It is not possible to
     encapsulate them in completely comprehensive titles. Therefore, the titles -
     of sections, chapters and sub-chapters are for ease of reference. A note in C
     a section or a chapter'is for that section and that chapter alone.
                                                                      [221-B, C, DJ

            2.2. The tribunal has failed to consid.er the various provisions of
      section XVI and chapter 84 as appearing in the CTA and in HSN. Note
      2(b) of section XVI lays down that in the absence of a specific heading, a D
      part suitable for a particular machine is classifiable under the heading
      applicable to that machine. Section XVI in •CT A and in HSN is captioned
      "machinery and mechanical appliances". Section XVI makes a distinction·
      between "machinery" and "machines". Further, according to note 7 to
     chapter 84, machines used ·for more than one purpose have to be classified E
     according to their principal purpose. Therefore, note 7 classifies
     "machines" according to their functions. Where a function is relevant for
     classification and where a machine is capable of performing two or more
     complementary or alternative functions, they have to be classified
     according to their principal purpose. In the present case, the motor
     vibrator with actuator re_gulates the flow of wood-chips into screw feeder F
     at a pre-determined rate and, therefore, it is not a prime-mover only, as
     held by the tribunal. This aspect ne_eds in-depth examination. Lastly,
     section XVI of HSN covers mechanical or electrical machinery. It is not
     confined to machines. In the present case, the appellant imported a full
     complement of pulp making machinery and it submits that the motor G
     vibrator with actuator is an integral part of the pulp-making machinery.
     In the explanatory notes to the HSN, it is made clear that items falling
     under headings 84.25 to 84.78 would cover machines which are classifiable
     by reference to the field. of industry in which they are used, regardless of
     their particular functions. This explanation has also not been considered
-;
     by the tribunal. [221-G, H; 222-A, B, C, DI                                  H
    220                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2005] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A        Bharat Forge & Press Industries(?) Ltd. v. Collector of Central excise,
    (1990) 45 ELT 525, relied on.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 4234 of2000.

          From the Judgment and Order dated 10.11.99 of the Customs, Excise
B and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, Circuit Bench, Cochin in F.O. No.
    3032/99 in A. No. C/725 of 1994-82.

         T.L.V. Iyer, Jay Kishore Singh and Subramonium Prasad for the
    Appellant.

C        R. Mohan, Additional Solicitor General, R. Nedumaran, Rajiv Rufus,
    Sanveer Mehlwal and P.Parmeswaran for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          KAPADIA, J. Whether, in the facts and circumstances of this case, the
D Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal (hereinafter referred
    to as "the tribunal") was right in classifying "motor-vibrator with actuators"
    under residuary sub-heading 8479.89 of Customs Tariff Act, I 975 (for short
    "CTA "), is. the question which arises for determination in this civil appeal
    filed by the assessee against the impugned judgment of the tribunal dated
    10.11.1999.
E
          The appellant herein imported a complement of pulp-making machinery
    for conversion of wood-chips into pulp. The said machinery comprised of
    five components, namely, delibrator, screw feeder chutes, motor vibrator
    with actuator, sealing water system and high temperature protection equipment.
F   According to the appellant, the function of the motor vibrator is to work in
    conjunction with the delibrator in feeding the wood-chips into the screw
    feeder at a pre-determined rate. According to the appellant, since the said
    motor vibrator works in conjunction with the delibrator, it constitutes an
    integral part of the pulp-making machinery.

G          It is the case of the appellant that the said motor vibrator with actuator
    is classifiable under CTA: SH 8439.91 whereas according t-0 the department
    it is classifiable under CTA: SH 8479.89.

          We quote hereinbelow relevant headings:

H           "Heading 8439.91: - Parts of machinery for making Rulp of fibrous
     WESTERN INDIA PLYWOODS LTD.,._ COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, KOCH!N [KAPADIA,l.J 22 J

         cellulosic material.                                                        A
         Heading 8479.89: - Machinery and mechanical appliances having
         individual functions, not specified or included anywhere in this
         chapter."

      It is evident from the above that the latter heading is a residuary item B
which is applicable only if the machinery in q~estion does not fall within any
other heading. It is well settled that the application of the residuary tariff
entry must always be made with a good deal of caution as it is attracted only
when no other provision expressly or by necessary implication applies to the
goods in question. [See: Bharat Forge and Press Industries (P) Ltd. v.
Collector of Central Excise, reported in (1990) 45 EL T 525). In the matter C
of classification, identification of an entity is the primary step. Identification
is concerned with goods and not with the description of goods. The description
would be relevant for the application of a particular tariff entry to the imported
goods. In several cases, a single tariff item refers to a large number of goods
of different types. It is not possible to encapsulate them in completely D
COlllprehensive titles. Therefore, the titles of sections, chapters and sub-chapters .
     ~

are for ease of reference. A note in a section..Qr.a_9hapter is for that section
and that chapter alone.

      The basic question which was required to be examined by the tribunal
was - whether the entire complement of pulp-making machinery imported as             E
a single entity constituted one single item consisting of separate components.
In the present case, the tribunal has classified the imported motor vibrator in
CTA: SH 8479.89 solely on the basis of clause (5) of the explanatory notes
to the HSN, which reads as follows:

         "5. Vibrator Motor consisting of an electric motor with eccentric           F
         discs fitted to the protruding ends of the shaft, generating radial
         vibrations which are transmitted to the apparatus or appliance (chutes,
         bins, hoppers, conveyors, compacting appliance, etc.) to which the
         vibrator motor is fixed."

      In our view, the tribunal has failed to consider the various provisions        G
of section XVI and chapter 84 as appearing in the CIA and in HSN. Note
2(b) of section XVI lays down that in the absence of a specific heading, a
part suitable for a particular machine is classifiable under the heading
applicable to that machine. Section XVI in CTA and in HSN is captioned
"machinery and mechanical appliances". Section XVI makes a distinction               H
    ,222                   SUPREME.COURT REPORTS [2005] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A between "machinery" and "machines" (See: Note 5 to section XVI). Further,
  .according to note 7 to chapter 84, machines used for more than one purpose -
   have to be classified according to their principal purpose. Therefore, note 7
   classifies "machines" according to their functions. Where a function is relevant
   for classification and where a machine is capable of performing two or more
   complementary or alternative functions, they have to be classified according
B to their principal purpose. In the present case, the motor vibrator with actuator
   regulates the flow of wood-chips into screw feeder at a pre-determined rate
   and, therefore, it is not a prime-mover only, as held by the tribunal. This
   aspect needs in-depth examination. Lastly, section XVI of HSN covers
   mechanical or electrical machinery. It is not confined to machines. In the              -
                                                                                           '
C present case, the appellant imported a full complement of pulp-making
   machinery and it submits that the motor vibrator with actuator is an integral
   part of the pulp-making machinery: In the explanatory notes to the HSN, it
   is made clear that items falling under headings 84.25 to 84. 78 would cover
   machines which are classifiable by reference to the field of industry in which
  they are used, regardless of their partict1lar functions. This explanatioll has
D also not been considered by the tribunal.
           As stated above, in the matter of classification, unless the department
    is fh a position to establish that the goods in question can by no conceivable
    process of reasoning be brought under CTA : SH 8439.91, resort cannot be
E   had to the residuary heading 8479.89.

          On account of non-consideration of various aspects enumerated above,·
    we set aside. the impugned judgment and remit this c_ase to the tribunal for 0 .
    its decision in accordance with law. Accordingly the appeal is allowed, with
    no order as to costs.
F
    D.G.                                                        Appeal allowed.




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