Holding

The appellant's appointment as Controller was in excess of the promotee quota and therefore invalid, so it could not confer seniority over the directly recruited respondent No.2, whose seniority and promotion to Joint Director were upheld.

Summary

The appellant, a promotee, was appointed Controller in 1972 and later Deputy Director, while respondent No.2 was a direct recruit appointed Controller in 1974 and subsequently promoted to Joint Director. The dispute centered on whether the appellant's promotion to Controller fell within the quota of posts reserved for promotees under the Punjab Food and Supplies Department (State Service Class‑II) Rules, 1966, and whether the quota rule had broken down due to excess promotions between 1966‑1974. The High Court had held the appellant senior, but the Division Bench reversed, finding his appointment exceeded the promotee quota and was therefore invalid. The Supreme Court affirmed this view, stating that an appointment made in excess of the quota cannot confer seniority over a directly recruited officer and must be regularised only when a vacancy arises within the quota. Consequently, respondent No.2’s seniority and promotion to Joint Director were upheld.

Issues considered

Whether the appellant's promotion to Controller was within the quota prescribed for promotees under the Rules.
Whether the quota rule for Controller appointments broke down due to promotions in excess of the quota during 1966‑1974.
Whether an appointment made in excess of the quota can confer seniority over a directly recruited officer.

Legislation cited

Punjab Food and Supplies Department (State Service Class‑II) Rules, 1966s. Rule 10, s. Rule 6

Subjects

seniorityquota rulepromotee vs direct recruitinter se seniorityappointment in excess of quotaregularisationservice rulespromotionPunjab Food and Supplies Department

Judgment

MADAN GOPAL GARG A.
v.
STATE OF PUNJAB AND ORS.

JULY 11, 1995
B
(S.C. AGRAWAL AND MS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR, JJ.)

Service Law-Punjab Food and Supplies Depa1tment (State Service
class II) Rules, 1966-Seniority of promotees and direct recruits-Posts of
Controller a11d Deputy DirectorS"-Appointment in excess of quota-lnvalid-ft C
can be treated as a regular appointment only when a vacancy available-Such
an appointment prior to regularisation cannot confer any right as against a
person who is directly appointed within quota.

The appellant and respondent No. 3 were promotees having been
first promoted as Controller and later as Deputy Director. The promotion D
of the appellant to the post of Controller was made effective from 6.12.1972
and he was promoted as Deputy Director by order dated 29.12.1981/
1.1.1982 while respondent no. 3 was so promoted by an order dated
17.l.1981. Respondent no. 2 was directly appointed as Controller .after
being selected by the State Public Service Commission by order dated
9.4.1974. He was promoted as D.eputy Director by order dated 10.11.1982. E
In the tentative seniority list of Controllers, respondent no. 2 was placed
as junior to the appellant and respondent no. 3 Subsequently, the list was
revised and respondent No. 2 was shown as senior to the appellant and
respondent 3 and was promoted as Joint Director.
F
,Challenging the revision of seniority list and appointment of respon-
dent no. i as Joint Director, the appellant and respondent no. 3 flied a
Writ Petition In the High Court seeking a declaration that they were senior
to respondent no. 2 as Deputy Directors and prayed for quashing of the
order appointing respondent no. 2 as Joint Director. The petition was G
allowed. The High Court held that the appointment of respondent no. 2 as
Joint Director which was made solely on the basis of higher seniority in
the cadre of Controllers/Assistant Director and Deputy Directors was
invalid as the appellant and respondent no. 3 were appointed as Control·
lers within the quota meant for promotees and they were so appointed
earlier to the recruitment of respondent no. 2 both iii the cadre of Con- H
815
816 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A !roller as well as Deputy Directors and therefore, they were senior to
respondent no. 2.

Respondent No. 2 filed an appeal against the judgment of the Single
..
Judge which was allowed. The Division bench accepting the averments
made in the affidavit filed by Special Secretary to Government of Punjab
B in the Department of Food and Supplies, held that both the writ petitioners
were not holding the post of Controller/Assistant Director/Additional Dis-
trict Food and Supplies Controller, within the quota of promotees and, in
fact, at the time of their promotion, there was no post available in
promotees 'quota' and that they were promoted against posts meant for
C direct recruit' and they had to make room for the direct recruits whenever
they were selected and posted on these posts and therefore, they could not
claim seniority under Rule 10 of the Punjab Food and Supplies Depart-
ment (State Service Class II) Rules, 1966, on the basis of continuous
appointment on the post of Controller and they had been rightly shown as
junior to respondent No. 2 in the cadre of Controller/Assistant Direc-
D tors/Additional Controllers; that the quota rule had not broken down as
a result of promotions in excess of the quota being made during the period
from 1966 to 1974, the State Government had been consistently and
persistently making efforts to fill in the posts meant for direct recruits and
the said posts could not be filled at the proper time only because of the
E cumbersome procedure of selection of direct recruits and that there was
no inaction or inertia on the part of the Government and that there had
.r
been no deviation in implementing the rule. The appellant alone had filed
this appeal against the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Conrt,

The appellant urged that since the number of vacancies that had
F occurred during the period from 1966 till March 31, 1974 had not been
indicated by the State, the only basis for applying the quota rule could be
to take into account the total number of appointments that had been made
during that period and therefore, his appointment had been made within
the quota prescribed for promotees under the Rules and that in any event,
G the quota rule had broken down in view of the fact that only two persons
had been directly recruited for appointment on the post of Controller
during the period from 1966 till March, 1974 and therefore, his promotion
to the post of Controller could to be held to be irregular and be was
entitled to have his seniority in the cadre of Controllers fixed on the basis
H of the date of his appointment on the said post.
M.G.GARGv. STATE OF PB. 817

Dismissing the appeal, this Court A

HELD : 1.1. Ju the absence of any material which gives the actual
vacancies in a year it may be reasonable to accept the figure of appointment
in that year as substantially representing the actual vacancies. However,
this criteria could not be applied in the instant case because a number of B
persons after appointment on the post of Controller had been sent on
deputation and the appointments were made against temporary vacancies
resulting from such officers being sent on deputation. The fact that before
the appointment of direct recruits including respondent no. 2, the appellant
and other officers had to be sent on deputation to make room for the direct
recruits would show that till then no regular vacancy within the quota was c
available against which the appellant could be absorbed. The appointment
of the appellant as Coutroller was therefore in excess of the quota fixed for
promotees and it continued to be so till respondent no. 2 was appointed by
direct recruitment. Since the appointment of the appellant was in excess of
the· quota it had to be treated as an invalid appointment and it could be D
treated as a regular appointment oulywheu a vacancy was available against
the promotion quota against which the said appointment could be
regularised. Such au appointment in excess of the quota has to be pushed
down to a later year when it can be regularised as per the quota and prior
to regularisation it can not confer any right as against a person who is
directly appointed within the quota prescribed for direct recruits. Since at E
the time of the appointment of respondent no. 2, the appellant was holding
the post of Controller in excess of the quota fixed for promotees, he could
not claim seniority over respondent no. 2 on the basis of such appointment
and he had to make way for respondent no. 2. He had, therefore, been rightly
placed junior to respondent no. 2 in the cadre of Controllers. In view of Rule F
6(3) promotion from the post of Controller to the post of Deputy Director
had to be made on the basis of Seniority-cum-merit. Respondent no. 2, by
virtue of his being senior to the appellant in the cadre of Controllers, was
entitled to be promoted as "Deputy Director earlier than the appellant but he
was denied such promotion in view of the earlier seniority list wherein he G
was shown as junior to the appellant. But on the basis of the revised
seniority list of March 7, 1983 wherein he was shown as senior to the
appellant, respondent No. 2 was entitled to claim seniority over the appel-
lant in the cadre of Deputy Directors also and he was rightly treated as
senior to the appellant in the said cadre and on that basis he was promoted
as Joint Director. [826-A-B, G, 827-B-F] H
818 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A 8.S. Gupta v. U11in11 nf India, [1975) Suppl. SCR 491 and N.K.
C1ra11ha11 v. State nf Gujarat, [1977) 1 SCR 1053, relied on.

1.2-. The quota Rule had not broken down on account of promotions
in excess of the <1uota having been made during the period from 1966 to
1974. As held by the High Court, the State Government had been consis-
8 tently and persiste11tly making elTorts to till in the posts meant for direct
recruits and that the posts meant for direct recruits could not be tilled at
the proper time only because of the cumbersome procedure of selection of
. direct recruits and that from the pleadings and facts and circumstances
of the case, it was patent that there was no inaction or inertia on the part
C of the Government and tl1at there had been no deviation in the Implemen-
tation of the Rules. [827-G, 828-C)

G.S. Lamba & Ors. v. Union of India, [1985) 3 SCR431 andNarender
C/Jadha & Ors. v. U11io11 of India, !1984] 2 SCC 157, distinguished.

D CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 710 of
1987.

From the Judgment and Order dated 6.8.86 of the Punjab & Haryana
High Court in L.P.A.No. 958 of 1985.

E R. Venkataramani and Satya Mitra Garg for -the Appellant.

Gobinda Mukhoty, Raj Kumar Gupta and Rajesh for the Respon-
dent No. 2.

Ranbir Yadav, Sanjay Bansal and G.K. Bansal for the State of
F Punjab.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

S.C. AGRAWAL, J. This appeal involves the question regarding inter
se seniority of promotees and direct recruits. The posts in question are Of
G District Food & Supplies Controller (for short "Controlkr") and the
Deputy Director, Food & Supplies [for short "Deputy Director"] in the
State of Punjab, governed by the Punjab Food & Supplies Department
(State Service Class-II) Rules, 1966 (hereinafter referred lo as the Rules).
Rule 6(l)(g) of the Rules provides for appointment on the post of Con-
H !roller - (i) by promotion of District Food and Supplio' Officer or Super-
M.G:GARGv. STATE OF PB. [S.C. AGRAWAL,J.] 819

intendent in the Department, (ii) by transfer of Administrative officer, A
Food and Supplies, and (iii) by direct appointment. It further provides that
33% vacancies shall be filled by direct appointment. The appointment for
Lhe post of Deputy Director is governed by Rule 6(1)(a). The said appoint-
ment is made (i) by promotion of the Assistant Director, Food and Sup-
plies/District Food .and Supplies Controllers/Administrative Officer or
B
Officer on Special duty, (ii) by promotion of Accounts Officer, Food and
Supplies or Assistant Controller of Food Accounts, and (iii) by transfer of
an officer already in the service of Government of India or of a State
..Government. Seniority is governed by Rule 10 which prescribes that for the
purpose of seniority service shall be divided into four b'l"oups. One of those
groups is that of Deputy Directors and District Organisers, Food and C
Supplies and another group is of Assistant Directors, Food and Supplies
and Controllers.· As per Sub-Rule (2) of Rule 10 the seniority inter se of
members of each group has to be determined by the dates of their con-
tinu_ous appointments in the service.
D
The appellant and respondent no. 3 are promotes having been first
promoted as Controller and later as Deputy Director. The appellant was
promoted as Controller by <>rder dated April 21, 1973 while respondent
no. 3 was so promoted by order dated August 17, 1972. Subsequently, the
promotion of the appellant to the post of Controller was made effective
from December 6, 1972. The appellant was promoted as Deputy Director E
by order dated December 29, 1981/Jamiary 1, 1982 while respondent no. 3
was so prom'ote<l by an order dated February 17, 1981. Respondent no. 2
was directly appointed as Controller after being selected by the State
Public Service Commission, by order dated April 9, 1974. He was promoted
as Deputy Director by order dated November JO, i.982. The tentative
seniority list of Controllers was circulated by memo dated January 6, 1981 F
wherein respondent no. 2 (placed at S. No. 44) was shown as junior to the
appellant (placed at S.No. 35) and respondent no. 3 (placed at S.No. 33).
Subsequentiy, in view of the decision of the Division Bench of the _High
Court of Punjab and Haryana in Slui S.B.S . .Vi1k and Another v. Sltri J.S.
Bagga and Ors., [1982] 2 S.L.R. 720, the said seniority was revised vide G
Memo dated March 7, 1983. and respondent no. 2 was placed at serial no.
34 while respondent no. 3 and the appellant were placed at serial nos. 35
··and 37 respectively and respondent no. 2 was thus shown as senior to the
appellant and re,pon<lcnt no. 3. By order dated September 22, 1983
respondenl no. 2 was appointed as Joint Director, Food and Supplies.
Feeling aggrieved by the aforesaid revision of their seniority in the cadre H
820 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A of Controllers and appointment of respondent no. 2 as Joint Director, the
appellant and respondent no. 3 filed a Writ Petition (Civil) Writ Petition
No. 4475 of 1983) in the High Court of Punjab and Haryana wherein they
sought a declaration that they are senior to respondent no. 2 as Deputy
Directors and prayed for quashing of the order dated September 22, 1983
appointing respondent no. 2 as Joint Director. The said Writ Petition was
B contested by respondents nos. 1 and 2. The said Writ Petition was allowed
by a learned Single Judge of the High Court by judgment dated August 2,
1985. It was held that the factual averment of the writ petitioners, namely,
the appellant and respondent no. 3, that they had been appointed as
Controllers within the quota meant for promotees had not been con-
troverted by the respondents and it was also not disputed that they were
c so appointed earlier to the recruitment of respondent no. 2 on the post of
Controller and that they were appointed earlier than respondent no. 2 as
Deputy Director and, therefore, they were senior to respondent no. 2 both
in the cadre of Controllers as well as Deputy Directors. The learned Single
Judge, therefore, held that the appointment of respondent no. 2 as Joint
D Director which was made solely on the basis of higher seniority in the cadre
of ControllersLAssistant Director and Deputy Directors was invalid. The
order dated September 22, 1983 regarding appointment of respondent no.
2 as Joint Director was therefore, set aside. Respondent no. 2 filed an
Appeal (Letters Patent Appeal No. 958 of 1985) against the said judgment
of tlie learned Single Judge. The said appeal was allowed by a Division
E Bench of the High Court by the impugned judgment dated August 6, 1986.
Before the Division Bench of the High Court the following two questions
were agitated:

(i) Whether the promotion of the Writ Petitioners in 1978 as Con-
F trailers was within their quota?

(ii) Whether quota rule governing appointment on the vacancies in
the post of Controller had broken down in view of the promotions in excess
of the quota made during the period 1966 to 1974? ·

G While considering the first question regarding the promotion of the
Writ Petitioners being made within their quota, the Divi,ion Bench of the
High Court found that the pleadings on this aspect of the case were not
clear and were not happily worded and, therefore, the High Court by order
dated January 7, 1976 directed the learned Advocate General to obtain an
H affidavit from the Secretary/Additional Secretary/Deputy Secretary in the
M.G.GARGv. STATE OF PB. [S.C. AGRAWAL, J.] 821

Food and Supplies Department specifically mentioning as to whether the A
writ petitioners were holding the posts within the quota of promotees or
not. It was also directed that the concerned officer should give the details
of the strength of the cadre and of promotions and direct appointments
made from 1966 to 1974. In compliance with the said order, the affidavit
dated January 17, 1986, of Shri C.L. Banis, Special Secretary to Govern-
B
ment of Punjab in the Department of Food and Supplies was filed wherein
it was stated that the writ petitioners were not holding the post of Control-
ler/Assistant Director/Additional District Food and Supplies Controller,
within the quota of promotees and, in fact, at the time of their promotion,
there was no post available in promotees' quota and that they were
promoted against posts meant for direct recruits and temporary vacancies c
caused on account of proceeding on foreign service by certain officers. In
the said affidavit it was stated that during the years 1966 to 1968, the cadre
strength of the Controllers/Assistant Directors/Additional District Food
and Supplies Controllers was 13 which was raised to 15 from the year
1968-69 and to 16 in 1969-70 and to 21 in 1970- 71 and that the cadre D
strength continued to be 21 till March 31, 1974. It was also stated that three
officers were on foreign service and there was one leave vacancy and that
against the cadre strength of 21 posts, 25 persons were holding the posts
of Controller/Assistant Director/Additional District Food and Supplies
Controller in March, 1974 out of which only two were direct recruits. It
was further stated that a requisition for making direct recruitment was sent E
to the Public Service Commission in June, 1972, and at that time the writ
petitioners were holding the lower cadre posts of District Food and Sup-
plies Officers. Alongwith the said affidavit a statement containing details
of promotions of Controllers/Assistant Directors/Additional District Food
and Supplies Controllers from 1966 to March 31, 1974 was filed as An- F
nexure R/2 and a statement containing details of officers holding the posts
of Controllers/Assistant Directors/Additional District Food and Supplies
Controllers in March, 1974 was filed as Annexure R/3. Rejoinder to the
said affidavit of Shri Bains were filed by the appellant but the High Court
found that he had not given any material to show that the factual picture
given in the affidavit of Shri Bains was, in any way, distorted. The High G
Court, therefore, accepted the averments made in the affidavit of Shri
Bains.

Proceeding on the basis that the strength of the cadre at the relevant
time was 21, the Division Bench of the High Court has held that 14 posts H
822 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A could be manned by promotees or officers brought on transfer and 7 posts
fell to the quota of direct recruits and that according to Annexure R/2 both
the writ petitioners were not in the 14 posts meant for promotees or
officers brought on transfer but were lower down at S.No. 16 and 22 and
were promoted against the posts meant for direct-recruits and they had to
make room for the direct recruits whenever they were selected and posted
B on these posts and therefore, they could not claim seniority under Rule 10
on the basis 9f continuous appointment on the post of Controller and they
have been rightly shown as junior to respondent no. 2 in the cadre of
Controllers/Assistanl Directors/ Additional Controllers. The learned
Judges on the Division Bench have also held that the quota rule had not
C broken down as a result of promotions in excess of the quota being made
during the period from 1966 to 1974. It was held that after the framing of
the Rules in 1966 no appointments were made in 1967 and in 1968 no direct
recruitment was made but the process for appointment of direct recruits
must have commenced in 1969, because Shri S.B.S. Virk, a direct recruit,
D was appointed as Cool roller on January 21, 1970, on the recommendations
of the State Public Service Commission and that in 1971 Shri A.S: Brar was
~ppointed as Controller by direct recruitment and in June 1972 a requisi-
tion for making direcl appointment was sent to the Public Service Com-
mission which showed that the State Government had been consistently
and persistently making efforts to fill in the posts meant for direct recruits
E and the said posts could not be filled at the proper time only because of
the cumbersome procedure of selection. of direct recruits and that there
was no inaction or inlcrtia on the part of the Government and that there
had been no deviation in implementing the rule and therefore, it could not
be said that the quow rule had broken down.
F
Out of the two writ petitioners the appellant alone has filed the
appeal. We will, therefore, confine ourselves to the case of the appellant
alone.

Shri R. Venkataramani, the learned counserappearing for the appel-
G !ant, ha.s assailed the correctness of the High Court judgment on hoth the
' grounds. He has urged that the High Court was in error in holding that
the promotion of the appellant as Controller was in excess of the quota
prescribed for promotees under the Rules and that having regard to the
number of.vacancies that had occurred during the period from 1966 till the
H date of promotion of I he appellant on the said post, the said appointment
M.G.GARGv. STATEOFPB. (S.C. AGRAWAL,J.( 823

has been made within the quota prescribed. for promotecs under the Rules. A
Shri Venkataramaoi has also submitted that in any .event, the quota rule
had broken down in view of the fact that only two persons had been directly
recruited fur appointment on the post. i1f Controller during the period from
1966 till March 31, 1974 and therefore, the promotion of the appellant to
the post of Controller could not be held to be irregular and the appellant
B
is entitled to have his seniority in the cadre of Controllers fixed on the basis
of the date of his appointment on the said post, i.e., with effect from
December 6, 1972 under Rule 10(2) of the Rules.

We will first take up the question whether the appointment of the
appellant on the post of Controller with effect from December 6, 1972 was C
within the quota prescribed for promotees under the Rules. The relevant
provisions in this regard are contained in Rule 6 which reads as ·under:·

"Mediod of appoint111e11t:

(1) Appointment to the post in the service shalfbe made as under: D

(a) /11 the case of Deputy Director, Food & Supplies:

(i) by promotion of an Assistant Director, Food and Supplies/Dis-
trict Food and Supplies Controllers/Administrative Officer or Of- E
ficer on Special Duty, having an experience of working on any of
these posts for a minimum period of two years;

(ii) by promotion of Accounts Officer, Food and Supplies .or
Assistant Controller of Food Accounts, having an experience of
working on any of these posts for a minimum period of three years; F
or

(iii) by transfer of an officer already in the service of Government
of India or of a State Government;
G
(b) In the case of Assistant Director, Food and Supplies:"
'
(i) by promotion of a Superintendent in the Department or District
Food and Supplies Officer in the District having an experience of
working on any of these posts for a minimum period of two years;
or H
824 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A (ii) by transfer of Administrative Officer, Food and Supplies; or

(iii) by transfer of an officer already in the service of Government
of India 'or of a State Government or

(iv) by direct appointment;
B
Provided that 33 percent posts shall be filled by the method
prescribed in sub-clause (iv);

(c) to(!) xxx xxx xxx (omitted)

c (g) In the case of District Food and Supplies Controllei:·

(i) by promotion of District Food and Supplies Officer or Super-
intendent in the Department having an experience of working of
any of these posts for a minimum period of two years; or

D (ii) by transfer of Administrative Officer, Food and Supplies; or

(iii) by direct appointment;

Provided that 33 per cent vacancies shall be filled by the
method prescribed in sub-clause (iii).
E
(h) xx xx xx (omitted)

(2) When any vacancy occurs or is about to occur in the service,
the appointing authority shall determine the manner in which the
vacancy is to be filled.
F
(3) All appointments by promotion shall be made by selection, on
the basis of seniority-cum-merit and no person shall have any claim
to any post in the service merely on the ground of seniority."

The seniority is governed by Rule 10 which provides as follows:
G
"(10) Seniority of members of seivice: (

(1) For purposes of seniority service shall be divided into the
following groups :

H (i) Deputy Directors, Food and Supplies and District Organisers,
- M.G. GARG v. STATE OF PB. [S.C. AGRAWAL, .I.]

Food and Supplies.
825

(ii) Assistant Directors, Food and Supplies and District Food and
A

Supp)ies Controllers.

(iii) Accounts Officer, Food and Supplies and Assistant Controller
of Food Accounts. B
(iv) District Food and Supplies Officers.

(2) The seniority inter se of members of the Service under each
group shall be determined by the dates of their continuous ap-
pointments in the service:11
c
The main part of Clause (g) indicates that there are three sources
from which appointment can be made on the post of Controller namely,
(i) by promotion, (ii) by transfer, (iii) by direct appointment. The proviso
to clause (g) requires that 33% vacancies shall be filled by the method
prescribed in sub-clause (iii), i.e.,_ by direct appointment. D
In the proviso to clause (b) the expression "posts" has been used
while in the proviso to clause (g) the expression "vacancies" is used. The
High Court has held that both the expression.' are used in the same sense
to mean posts in the cadre. We do not consider it necessary to go into this
11
E
question because even if the expression vacancies" is construed to mean
the vacancies in the cadre occurring after the coming into force of the
Rules, the appellant cannot succeed.

The submission of Shri Venkataramani is that since the actual num-
ber of vacancies which occurred during the period from 1966 till March F
31, 1974 has not been indicated by the State, the only basis for applying
the quota rule can be to take into account the total number of appoint-
ments that have been made during that period. Shri Venkataranrnni has
furnished a list indicating that during the period from July 4, 1966 to April
9, 1974, 29 persons have been appointed on the post of Controller and that G
out of them four are direct recruits and the rest are promotees. Shri
Venkataramani has submitled that applying the quota rule 9 vacancies
could be available for direct recruits out of these 29 appointments and 20
vacancies were available for promotees and that as per seniority, the
appellant is placed at serial no. 19 amongst the promotees and therefore,
the appointment of the appellant is within the quota. It is no. doubt true H
826 SUPREME COURT REPORTS. (1995) SUPP.1 S.C.R. . .,.,.
A that in the absen<:e of any material which. gives the actual vacancies in a
year, it may be reasonable to accept the figure of appointment in that year
as substantially representating the actual vacancies \See : B.S. Gupta v.
U11io11 of India, (1975) Suppl. SCR 491 at p.506. We cannot, however, apply
the said criterion in the present case, because a number of persons after
-
B appointment on the post of Controller have been sent on deputation and
the appointmenrs were made against temporary vacancies resulting from
such officers being sent on deputation. This would be evident from An-
nexure R/3 to .to the affidavit of Shri Bains filed in the High Court which
shows that in March, 1974 three officers viz., Shanti Swarup Suri, O.P.
Gupta and B.N. Madhok were on deputation. We also find that by order
c dated 22nd March, 1974, Lakhbir Singh, G.S. Chawla and respondent no.
3 were sent on deputation with the State Civil Supplies Corporation Ltd.
and by another order of the same date, the appellant and Niranjan Singh
were sent on deputation to the State Civil Supplies Corporation. It has been
stated in the counter affidavit filed by Shri T.R. Bhatia on behalf of the
D State in this Court that the appellant and respondent no. 3 were sent on
deputation in order to make room for the direct recruits viz., Surjit Singh
and respondent no. 2. We cannot, therefore, proceed on the basis that the
number of vacancies during the period from 1966 to April 9, 1974 were the
same as the number of persons who were appointed as Controllers during
E that period. Even according to the list of appointment submitted by Shri
Venkataramani 23 appointments were made on the post of Controller
during the period from July 7, 1966 to December 6, 1972 out of which two
were direct recruits and the rest 21 were promotees or officers appointed
by transfer. On the basis of the quota rule 8 posts were for direct recruits
and 15 posts were available for promotees and officers appointed by
F
transfer which would mean that an appointment made in excess of 15 posts
was not within the quota fixed for promokle. under the Rules. In the list
submitted by Shri Venkataramani, the appellant is placed at S.No. 18 in
the list of promotees. His appointment on Decemher 6, 1972, was, there- r
fore, in excess of the quota fixed for promotees. The fact that before the
G appointment o.f direct recruits viz. Surjit Singh and respondent no. 2 in
March and j\pril, 1974 the appellant and other officers had to be sent on
deputation to make room for the direct recruits would show that till then
no regular vacancy. within the quota was available against which the appel-
lant could be absorbed. It must, therefore, be held that the appointment
H of the appellant as Controller was in excess of the quote and it continued
- M.G.GARGv. STATE OF PB. [S.C.AGRAWAL,J.]

to be so till respondent no. 2 was appointed by direct recruitment.
827

A

Once it is held that the appointment of the appellant was in exce>S
of .the quota fixed for promotees and officers appointed by transfer, the
said appointment has to be treated as an invalid appointment and it can
be treated as a regular appointment only when a vacancy is available
against the promotion quota against which the said appointment can be
.B
regularised.' In other words, any such appointment in excess of the qu<ita
has to be pushed down to a later year when it can be regularised as per
the quota and such. an appointment prior to regularisation cannot confer
any right as against a person _who is directly appointed within the quota
pres~ribedJor direct recruits [See: N.K Chauhan v. State of Gujarat, [19771 c
1 SCR 1053 at pp. 1053 and 1058. Since al the time of the appointment of
respondent no. 2, the appellant was holding the post of Controller in excess
of the quota fixed for promote.es, he cannot claim seniority over respondent
no. 2 on the basis of such appointment and he has to make way for
respondent no. 2. He has, therefore, been rightly placed junior to respon- D
dent no. 2 in the cadre of Controllers. In view of Rule 6(3) promotion from
the post of Controller to the post of Deputy Director had to be made on
the basis of seniority-cum-merit. Respondent no. 2, by virtue of his being
senior to the appellant in the cadre of Controllers, was entitled to be
promoted as Deputy Director earlier than the appellant but he was denied
such promotion in view of the earlier seniority list of January 6, 1981 E
' .
wherein he was showns as junior to the appellant. But after the seniority
list of March 7, 1983 wherein he is shown as senior to the appellant,
respondent no. 2 is entitled to claim seniority over the appellant in the
cadre of Deputy Directors also and he was rightly treated as senior to the
appellant in the said cadre and on that basis he was promoted as Joint F
Director by order dated September 1983. We do not find any infirmity in
the said order.

We are also unable to accepi the contention of Shri _Venkataramani
that the quota Rule had broken down on account of promotions in excess G
of the quota having been made during the period from 1966 to 1974. As
pointed· out by the High Court, after the reorganisation of the State of
Punjab on November 1, 1966, no appointments were made in 1967 and in
1968 no direct recruitment was made but the process for appointment of
direct recruits had commenced in 1969 in view of the fact that Shri S.B.S.
Virk, a direct recruit had been appointed as Controller on January 21, 1970 H
828 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A on the recommendations of the Punjab Public Service Commission and in
1971 Shri A.S. Brar was appointed as Controller by way of direct recruit-
ment and in June, 1972 a requisition for selection of proper candidates for
direct appointment was sent to the Punjab Public Service Commission and
on the basis of the said selection Shri Surjit Singh was appointed by way
of direct recruitment by order dated March 29, 1974 and respondent no. 2
B
was so appointed by order dated April 9, 1974. The High Court has held
that the State Government had been consistently and persistently making
efforts to fill in the posts meant for direct recruits and that the posts meant
for direct recruits could not be filled at the proper time only because of
the cumbersome procedure of selection of direct recruits and that from the
c pleadings and facts and circumstances of the case, it was patent that there
was no inaction or inertia on the part of the Government and that there
had been no deviation in the implementation of the Rules. We are in
agreement with the said view of the High Court. The decisions of this Court
in G.S. Lamba & Ors. v. Union of India, [1985] 3 SCR 431 and Narendar
D Chadha & Ors. v. Union of India, [1986] 2 SCC 157 on which reliance has
\leen placed by Shri Venkataramani, have, in our opinion, no application
to the facts of the present case.

For the reasons aforementioned, we do not find any merit in this
appeal and the same is according dismissed but without any order as to
E costs.

R.A. Appeal dismissed.