MAJOR SURESH CHAND MEHRAversusDEFENCE SECRETARY (U.0.1.) AND OTHERS

                MAJOR SURESH CHAND MEHRA
A
                            v.
           DEFENCE SECRETARY (U.0.1.) AND OTHERS

                           NOVEMBER 13, 1990

B        [RANGANATH MISRA, CJ. AND M.H. KANIA, JJ.]

         Army Act, 1950/Army Rules, 1954-Sections 80, 83, 84, 85/Rules
    22, 25, 53, 177-Commanding Officer directing disciplinary action
    against a Major-Proceedings initiated and summary trial ordered-
    Major opting to accept the award of Court Martial reprimand recom-
    mended-Affecting promotion-Validity of proceedings.
c
        The petitioner was commissioned in the Indian Army in Jannary
  1959 and was promoted to the substantive rank of Major on March II,
  1983. In January 1986, the petitioner joined 63rd Fd. Regiment. The
  24th Rising Day of the Unit fell on September 1, 1986. In connection
D with the celebrations of the said Day, the petitioner went to respondent
  No. 2, Regimental Medical officer of the Unit, at about 10.30 p.m. on
  29.8.86 to pursuade him loan his steel almirah, for two or three days.
  Respondent No. 2 refused to loan the Almirah to the Petitioner which
  led to hot exchange of words between them at about 11.00 p.m. There-
  upon Respondent No. 2 lodged a complaint with the Commanding
E Officer that he had been beaten by the petitioner. The Commanding
  Officer visited the quarters of the Respondent No. 2 at about 15 minutes
  past midnight of 29 /30th August 1986. He made some sort of inquiries
  at that time and made a noting that the accusation made by respondent
  No. 2 _against the petitioner was unsubstantiated. It appears Respon-
  dent No. 2 at that point of time was not able to participate in the
F investigation due to head injuries received by him. However the docu-
  ments reveal that respondent No. 2 had to be hospitalised as a result of
  injuries received by him at the hands of the petitioner. In or about
  September 1986, a staff court of inquiry was held which opined that due
  to contradictions and lack of evidence, it was not possible to pin-point
  the blame for injuries sustained by respondent No. 2. The proceedings
G of the court of inquiry were later reviewed by the Commanders in chain
  upto General Officer Commanding 4 Corps who came to the conclusion
  that there was sufficient circumstantial evidence, corroborated by inde-
  pendent evidence of the head injuries suffered by respondent No. 2
  showing that the petitioner was responsible for the same. The Com-
  manding officers, therefore, inter alia directed that disciplinary action
H be taken against the petitioner for causing injuries to respondent No. 2    ...
                                      48
                            S.C. MEHRA v. U.0.1.                         49

   and fnrther the case he dealt with summarily by GOC, 2 Mountain             A
   Division. Accordingly Disciplinary proceedings were initiated and a
   summary of evidence against the petitioner was recorded. After record-
   ing the evidence, the Commanding Offi<"er remanded the petitioner to
. the GOC, 2 Mountain Division, for summary trial under section 84 of
   the Army Act, 1950. The petitioner was attached to 54 Fd Regiment for
                                                                               B
   purposes of completing the disciplinary action against him. At the trial,
 · the petitioner pleaded not guilty, but when asked by the GOC as to
   whether he would elect to face the trial by the General Court Martial or
   would accept the award passed by the General Officer Commanding, 2
   Mountain Division, the petitioner opted to accept the award of the
   GOC. The petitioner was thereupon awarded the punishment of severe
   reprimand. By the instant petition under Article 32 the petitioner seeks    c
   the quashing of the sentence of 'severe reprimand', as according to him
   his promotion is held up on that account.

       Dismissing the petition, this Court,
                                                                               D
        HELD: A perusal of sub-rule (i) of Rule 22 shows that the rule
  deals with the charges against a person subject to the Army Act other
  than officers. Admittedly, the petitioner in the instant case was an
  officer and hence, the provisions of Rule 22 had no application to it. It is
  Rule 25 which lays down the procedure in respec_t of the charges against
 the officers and it contains no provisions analogus to sub-rule (2) of E
 Rule 22 of the Army Rules. In view of this, Rule 22 does not come into
 play at all. [53B-D]

       The provisions of sub-rule (i) of the Rule 177 show that the
 inquiry must be by an assembly of officers of the ranks described in
 sub-rule (l) and the purpose of this inquiry is merely to collect evidence
                                                                               F
 and if so required, to report with regard to any matter which may be
 referred to the said officers. This is merely in the nature of a prelimi-
 nary investigation and cannot be equated with a trial. [53F]       -

       From his .record it appears that, apart from his impetuousness
 exhibited by the incident in question, the petitioner is considered by his
 superiors to be a good officer and after a reasonable time, the army          G
 authorities could consider him for promotion if permissible under the
 law, the rules and the practice followed in the army. [54F]

      ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition (Criminal) No.
 625of1989.                                                                    H
     50          SUPREME COURt REPORTS               [1990) Supp. 3 S.C.R.

           (Under Atticle 32 of the Constitution of lndla).
A
           Capt. Virgndra Kumar and A.L. trehan for the Petitioner.

          V.C. Mahajan, Mahlnder Singh and Ms. A. Subhashini !'Qr the
      Re8pondents.
B
           the Judgment of the Court was delivered by

             kANIA, J. This is a petition under Article 32 of the Constitu·
       lion of India praying for an order quashing the sentence of "Severe
     . Reprimand" imposed on the petitioner by respondent No. 3, Major
       General B.S. Malik, and for setting aside his attachment with S4th
c     Field Regiment (hereinafter referred to as "Fd. Regiment)". Respon·
       dent No. 1 is the Defence Secretary of the Union of India. Respondent
       No. 2 is Captain P.R. Dutta and respondent No. 2 is Major General
       B.S. Malik of Headquarters 12 Corps.

t>       The petitioner was commissioned in the Indian Army on January
   12, 1969, end was promoted to the substantive rank of Major on March
   I!, 1983. lil January 1986, the petitioner joined 63rd Fd. Regiment u
  'econd in command. The 24th Rising Day of the Unit to which the
  petitioner was attached fell on September I, 1986. Several guests were
  invited for the celebration of the occasion. At about 10.30 p.m. on
E August 29, 1986, the petitioner visited the single officers' quarters of
  the Unit to persuade respondent No. 2, Capt. P.R. Dutta Regimental
  Medical Officer of the Unit, to loan his steel almirah, taken by him
  from the Army Stores, for two or three days for use in the guest room
  of the Unit. Respondent No. 2 refused to loan the said almirah and it
  appears that there was a hot exchange of words and an altercation
p between the petitioner and respondent No. 2 in the latter's quarters at
  about 11.00 p.m. On the complaint of respondent No. 2, made on
  telephone, that he had been beaten up by the petitioner on the head
  and several other parts of the body and at his request that the com-
  manding officer should visit the quarters and see the injuries sustained
   by him, the commanding officer visited the single officers' quarters at
G about 15 minutes past midnight of 29/30th August, 1986. He met the
  petitioner and respondent No. 2 as well as several other officers of the
  Unit. It appears that he made some sort of inquiries at that time and
  made a noting that the accusation made by respondent No. 2 against
  the petitioner appeared to be unsubstantiated.

H           A perusal of the documents recording the aforesaid incident pre·
                        S.C. MEHRA vc U.O.L IKANiA, J.J                   51

    pared by the commanding officer, Col. Satbir Singh, shows that the A
    s<M:alled investigation made by hitn were some time· ptiot to 1,30
    a.m. in the night of 29th August. At titat time re~ponde11t No. 2 who
     had suffered head injuries was hardly in a positl611 to participate in t~
    investigation. Thereafter, respondent No, 2 had to be hospitallged for
    a few days and his medical Fepotl sirows that ite suffered a C'OUflle of
    fairly seve•e head injuries, that it 10as suspected that lie mlgilt be B
    suffering from concussion of the btam and llad injuries 011 sciver.il other
     parts of his body. Respondent No. 1 was hospitalised and had to Ire
    transferred from a small hospital to a big ilo-splbd and was 011 the list of
    ·seriously ill' persons for a few days. 1heteaftet, in or about
    September 1986 a staff co"Urt gf inquiry was field wh/GI! opined iltat due
    tq contradictions and lack of e-.1<ieMe it wa:s not possible t<i pln·pomi C
    tile blame for injuries sustained by respondent No, 2 1111 29/:Wtli
    August, 1986. From the rot111feMiiffldavit it appi!at~ that t~ ptOCee~
    i11g& of tile oour1 ot inquiry were reviewed by tile C(lll!maiider~ in el!ai11
    upto General Officer al!d Comma!iding 4 Corps wli<t came to the "111·
    ciusion that rutllougll there were 110 eye·witnesses io tlte alleged
    assault on respondent No. 2, there was suffkie11t cim1mstilntlill ni· D
    den<:e, corroborated by the indepctrdm{evideme '5i' the l!ead injurle•
    smfered by respondent No. Z, sl!owing. !fiat the f)itllti<lner was res·
    [P'Oll!sil'>le fot tile same. The repgt! made by the Commatnfers ill ehaln
    a!lw fairly slwws that acc"Otd'ing to them, ~Jtitc1ugll ll!ere was ~uffiaent
    evidence of pmvo~a1iio11 IJy resf!<>ndent N11, 1.,. tlie petitioner Mled Iii
    :;m i111matme and tackless; ma1111er lly laying l1fa Ii~ on tes!l"lldent £
    No•, 2. ln these cirrumstances, the <"omma11dmg 0ffa:er§ inter alia
    dil!ected that disciplinary action be takm against the pi!tltioner for
    ac11i11g ;mmatarely in cansing. lnj:llrie-s to respondent No, 2 and that the
    case shoimld be dealt with summarily by GOC {Goinetal Offiar Cmn·
    ma>OOmgy, 1 Mountain Divi'sioo.
                                                                               fl
          Certain actions were recmmnended against respondent No. 2
    aind Cl')!. Sa:tbit Singh with which we are oot WM«ned,

         Pui:suant ra this df£ectkm, discipli;rary Pf""'eedlngii weri: inlti«-
    ted and a summary of evidence aga<imt tile petltionet was reoor<kd,
    Aflet ne.rordirrg the st1mmary of evi<kMe,. the: oommaJlding offker O
    remanded tl'!e petitWirer UY the General Officer COlltlllanding, 2
                                                               m
    Miounta:in Division, for sum.mai:y !rial imdet m:tl<J11 S4 the Atmy


-
    Act. 1950'.

         On Ap-ril "15, 1987, th petitimh<I w~ ania><'hed to 54 Fd, .Regi-
    ment foqnnpases of cti>mpleW!g tlie ~lplillaty a<:tlon against him,        H
    52          SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [ 1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

           At the trial the petitioner pleaded not guilty; but finally, when
A
    the petitioner was asked by the General Officer Commanding as to
    whether he would elect to face the trial by the General Court Martial
    or would accept the award passed by the General Officer Commanding
    2 Mountain Division, rather than to face the trial, the petitioner opted
    to accept the award of the General Officer Commanding. The
B   petitioner was thereupon awarded the punishment of severe repri-
    mand. It is alleged by the petitioner that because of this order of
    severe reprimand, his case for promotion has not been considered at
    all although he was due for promotion on several occasions.

         It was contended by Capt. Virendra Kumar who appeared on
    behalf of the petitioner that as the allegations made by respondent
c   No. 2 against the petitioner were not believed at the inquiry held by
    the Commanding Officer, Col. Satbir Singh on the night of 29/30th
    August, 1986, as set out earlier, this would amount to an acquittal of
    the petitioner in respect of the charges made against him and he could
    not be tried again in view of the provisions of Rule 22(2) read with
D   Rule 53(1)(a) of the Army Ru_les, 1954.

           We find no substance in this contention. Clause (a) of sub-rule
    ( 1) of Rule 53 of the Army Rules provides as follows:

                "53. Plea in bar.-
E
                (!) The accused, at the time of his general plea of "Guilty"
                or "Non Guilty" to a charge for an offence, may offer a
                plea in bar of trial on the ground that-

                (a) he has been previously convicted or acquitted of the
F               offence by a competent criminal court or by a court-
                martial, or has been dealt with summarily under sections
                80, 83, 84 and 86, as the case may be, for the offence, or
                that a charge in respect of the offence has been dismissed as
                provided in sub-rule (2) of rule 22; or".

G         Sub-rule (2) of Rule 22 of the Army Rules, 1954 provides as
    follows:

                "(2) The commanding officer shall dismiss a charge
                brought before him if, in his opinion, the evidence does not
                show that an offence under the Act has been committed,
H               and may do so if, in his discretion, he is satisfied that the
                    S.C. MEHRA v. U.0.1. [KANIA. J.]                   53

            charge ought not to be proceeded with."'
                                                                             A
       The submission of Capt. Virendra Kumar was that in view. of this
sub-rule the inquiry made by the commanding officer, Col. Satbir
Singh, amounted to a dismissal of the charge made against the
petitioner as contemplated in Rule 22(2) and the petitioner could not be
tried again for the same.                                                    B

      A perusal of sub-rule ( 1) of Rule 22 shows that the said rule deals
with the charges against a person subject to the Army Act other than
officers. Admittedly, the petitioner was an officer and hence, the pro-
visions of Rule 22 had no application to it. It is Rule 25 which lays
down the procedure in respect of the charges against the officers and it
contains no provisions analogus to sub-rule (2) of Rule 22 of the Army       c
Rules. In view of this, Rule 22 does not come into play at all. Admit-
tedly, the said inquiry by Col. Satbir Singh was not a trial by criminal
court or a court martial nor was the case dealt with summarily under
sections 80, 83, 84 or 85 of the Army Act, 1950, and hence, clause (a)
of sub-rule ( 1) of rule 53 of the Army Rules did not come into play at      D
all.

      It was next submitted by Capt. Virendra Kumar that, alterna-
tively, the inquiry held by the staff court of inquiry in September 1986
as aforestated it must be regarded as a trial of the petitioner and, in
view of-the findings of that court of inquiry which we have referred to      E
earlier, the petitioner could not be tried again. We find that there is no
substance in this contention. The said inquiry was by a court of inquiry
provided for in Rule 77 of the Army Rules. The provisions of sub-rule
(!)of the said Rule show that the said inquiry must be by an assembly
of officers of the ranks described in sub-rule (1) and the purpose of this
inquiry is merely to collect evidence and if so required, to report with     F
regard to any matter which may be referred to the said officers. This is
merely in the nature of a preliminary investigation and cannot be
equated with a trial.

     It was next contended by Capt. Virendra Kumar that at the
aforesaid trial of the petitioner no evidence was recorded and after a G
hearing which lasted for a few minutes the sentence of severe repri-
mand was imposed by the GOC on the petitioner. It was submitted by
him that the principles of natural justice had been violated at this trial.
We are unable to accept this submission. At the said trial, the General·
Officer Commanding specifically asked the petitioner as to whether he
would elect to face the trial by the General Court Martial or would H
                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [ 1990j Supp. 3 S.C.R.

;\    11ccept tile aw;ml passed by the General Officer Commanding, 2nd
      Mountiiin Division. The petitioner voluntarily opted to acrept the
      iiward and it does oot lie in his mouth to complain that no summary
      trial as provided for in the Anny Rules was held nor could such a
      i:i>mplaint by him be entertained in a writ petition like this.

            It was finally urged by Capt. Virendra Kumar that the entire
      pro~edings held to awart! the punishment of severe reprimand, were
      bad In h1w bllcau~e i>f mala [ides. We find that this contention is totally
      bll~less. fli the petition the only allegation made is that it was the
      p1>lltic11I cl!>ul i>f respondent No. 2 that lead to the trial of the
      pjl(itll:iner an<! the awar<! pf punishment to him. The petitioner, how-
      evllr, bas faile<l tp set put the nature of the political clout. The fac!S on
      the basis 9f which one could wnclude is that there was such a political
      dout, are to ni>wber!! to be f11und in the petition nor is there any
      aH!lgllti<ln as w whll w!lre the persons connected with the inquiry on
      whi>m the said political cl<lut operated. The allegation of ma/a fide
      app!lars to l>e totfllly without foimdation and vague. As often
0     ob~!lrv!!d, a.s allegati<ln of ma/a fides can be easily made but it is
      difficult to prove. In our opinion, no investigation is called into the
      alleg11tion of mala fidfs made by the petitioner.

             Jn tbe petition it is 11lleged by petitioner that his chances of
      prorm:itll>n b11ve been ren<lered nugatory by reason of the punishment
I::   i>f severe reprimand awarded to him. No argument was, however,
      a<!vanced befori: us in this connection. From his record it appears that,
      apllft fmm his impetuousness exhibited by the incident in question, the
      pe!itioner is wnsidered by his superiors to be a good officer and after a
      reason.able time, the army authorities could consider him for promo-
      ti<ln if permissible under the law, the rules and the practice followed in
F     the army. Nothing has been shown to us which precludes the army
      11uthorities from giving him promotion.

            In the result, the petition fails and is dismissed. Rule discharged.

            There will be no order as to costs.

      Y. Lal                                                  Petition dismissed.