MAMO AND ANR.versusCOMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT SHRI GURDWARA SAHIB AND ORS.

                            MAMO AND ANR.                                         A
                                      v.
                  COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT
                 SHRI GURDW ARA SAHIB AND ORS.

                            DECEMBER l, 1999
                                                                                  B
  [S.P. KURDUKAR AND SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI, JJ.]


      Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925-Sections 5(3), 10(3) and 28-Suit for
possession of undisputed notified property based on title-Challenged on the       C
ground of limitation-Earlier suit instituted within limitation in respect of
same property decreed-Symbolic possession obtained-No right or title
claimed in respect thereof in execution-Held, on the facts the limitation
prescribed in S.28 of the Act would not apply to the latter suit-Limitation
specified in Sec. 29(2) of the Limitation Act would apply-Limitation Act,
1963-Section 29(2).                                                               D

      Respondent No. 1 plaintiff filed a suit for possession of disputed land
against the appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4, legal representatives of P
and defendants in the said suit. The suit land originally belonged to R who
gifted it in favour of Gurdwara Sahib while it was being held by P as
mortgagee. The mortgage was redeemed by Rand the suit land was mutated            E
in revenue records in the name of Gurdwara Sahib. The Gurdwara was
declared as Sikh Gurdwara and the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak
Committee filed a suit against the local committee for recovery of possession
of the suit land which was decreed but in execution it could only get symbolic
possession and the actual possession remained with P. Upon being notified,        F
 respondent. No. 1 initiated proceedings against P before the Assistant
Collector for recovery of rents which was dismissed holding that P was neither
the mortgagee nor tenant of the suit land.

       Thereafter, respondent No. 1 filed the said suit which was dismissed on
the ground that the suit was beyond limitation under Section 28 of the Sikh       G
Gurdwaras Act and also under the Limitation Act since the defendants were
deemed to be in adverse possession. In appeal filed by respondent No. l, the
first appellate court held that the suit was barred by limitation under Section
28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act but not under the Limitation Act as the
defendants had failed to prove adverse possession of the suit land. Respondent
                                        117
                                                                                  H



          ,.,
    118                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 5 S.<;:.R.

A No. 1 filed Second Appeal before the High Court which was allowed holding
    that the suit was based on title and that the second suit was not barred by
    limitation prescribed in Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act. Hence, this
    appeal by the defendants.

          The appellants contended that the suit was barred by limitation under
B Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act as it was not filed within ninety days
    from the date of notification.
          Respondent No. 1 contended that the suit contemplated under Section
    28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act was earlier filed against the local committee;
    and that the present suit was based on title governed by the Limitation Act
C   and in view of the finding of the courts below, the suit was within limitation.
          Dismissing the appeal, the court
            HELD : 1. The properties included in the notifications under sub-section
    (3) of Section 5 or sub-section (3) of Section 10 are treated as undisputed
     properties under Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act. Sub-section (1) of
D    Section 28 enables bringing of a suit on behalf of the gurdwara in respect of
    such notified properties subject to two conditions-(1) that the gurdwara
    concerned is entitled to immediate possession of property in question and (2)
    it is not in possession thereof at the date of the publication of such notification.
    Sub-Section (2) of Section 28 prescribes a period of limitation of ninety days
E   for bringing the suit and mandates that no suit on behalf of the gurdwara for
    possession of the property shall be instituted after the expiry of the said period
    except on the ground of dispossession of the gurudwara after the date of the
    publication of such notification. For a suit of this nature no period oflimitation
    is prescribed thereunder and so it will be governed by the Indian Limitation
F   Act. (122-C-F; 123-A]
           2.1. There is no dispute that the suit land is a notified property. The
    suit contemplated under sub-section (1) of Section 28 was brought within the
    period specified in sub-section (2) against the local committee of the
    gurudwara which was managing the suit land. That suit was decreed. In
    execution of the decree passed in that suit symbolic possession was obtained.
G   No material was placed before the courts below by the defendants to show that
    handing over of symbolic possession was challenged or any right or title in
    the suit land was claimed in execution proceedings. The courts below have
    held that the defendants did not perfect their title by adverse possession and
    this finding remained unchallenged. (123-B-C; E)
H         2.2. The period oflimitation of ninety days mentioned in Section 28 of
 MAMO v. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT SHRI GURDWARA SAHIB (QUADRI, J.] 119


the Act is not applicable to the suit in question, so it cannot, therefore, be         A
said to be barred by limitation specified therein. The suit falls within the last
part of sub-section (2) of section 28 to which period of limitation specified in
the Indian Limitation Act applies. (123-F)

      CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 774 of 1998.
                                                                                       B
     From the Judgment and Order dated 16.12.87 of the Punjab & Haryana
High Court in R.S.A. No. l 044 of 1978.

      Ashok K. Mahajan for the Appellants.

      Hardev Singh and Ms. Madhu Moolchandani for the Respondents.                     C
      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

       SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI, J. The judgment and decree
under challenge in this appeal, by special leave, were passed in Second
Appeal No. l 044 of 1978 by the High Court of Punjab & Haryana, Chandigarh,            D
on December 16, 1987. The appeal arises out of the suit filed by respondent
No. l (referred to in this judgment as 'the plaintiff) against the appellants and
respondent Nos. 2 to 4 who are the legal representatives of one Pritam Singh
(referred to in this judgment as 'the defendants') for recovery of possession
of agricultural land measuring 160 Kanals 16 Marlas situated at village Balbehra       E
tehsil, district Patiala (hereinafter referred to as 'the suit land' ).

       On April 22, 1969, the suit was filed on the basis of title of the plaintiff.
The suit land originally belonged to one Ram Singh who gifted the same in
favour of Gurdawara Sahib in 1951 while it was being held by Pritam Singh
as a mortgagee. Later, the mortgage was redeemed by Ram Singh and th~ suit             F
land was mutated in the revenue records in the name of Gurdwara Sahib but
it continued in the possession of Pritam Singh. After declaration of Gurdwara
as a Sikh Gurdwara, Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Amritsar,
filed a suit against the local Committee for recovery of possession of the suit
land which was under its control and management. That suit was decreed on
December 1, 1964. In execution of the decree actual possession of the suit             G
land could not be taken from Pritam Singh, instead only symbolic possession
was given to Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. The plaintiff was
notified by the Punjab Government in 1965. It then initiated proceedings
against Pritam Singh before Assistant Collector, 1st Grade for recovery of
rents. On October 3 1, 1968, the claim was dismissed holding that Pritam Singh         H
      120                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999) SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A was neither the mortgagee nor the tenant of the suit land. Sometime thereafter
     the said Pritam Singh died and the present. suit was brought against the
     defendants on April 22, 1969.

            The suit was resisted by the defendants denying the ownership of the
     plaintiff, the knowledge of the earlier suit and taking of symbolic possession
B    of the suit land from the said Pritam Singh. It was pleaded that the suit was
     barred by l~itation under Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 and that
     till his death Pritam Singh was in possession of the suit land and thereafter
     they had been in adverse possession ther~of, so the title of plaintiff, if any,
     extinguished.
c           On considering the entire evidence on record, the trial court held that
      under Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act the suit was beyond limitation
      and that the ,defendants would be deemed to be in adverse possession from
      1952 and for that reason also the suit was barred by limitation. Thus, the suit
    ' was dismissed on November 4, 1974.
D
          The plaintiff carried the matter in appeal before the Additional District
     Judge, Patiala. The Appellate Court framed the following additional issue
     No.9-A and called for finding from the trial court.

             "9-A. Whether the defendants are in adverse possession of the property
E            in dispute and if so, since when and what is its effect?"

     The trial Court returned the finding that the defendants failed to prove
     adverse possession of the suit land. That finding was accepted by the First
     Appellate Court and it was held that under the Limitation Act the suit was
     not barred. However, agreeing with the trial court that under Section 28 of the
F    Sikh Gurdwaras Act the suit was barred, the first Appellate Court dismissed
     the appeal on March 8, 1978.

           The plaintiff filed Second Appeal No. I 044 of 1978 in the High Court
     of Punjab and Haryana challenging the correctness of the judgment and
G    decree of the First Appellate Court. The High Court took the view that the
     suit was based on title and not on dispossession so it was for the defendants
     to prove that they became owner of the suit land by adverse possession
     which they failed to do; it expressed agreement with the finding of the first
     Appellate Court that the suit was not barred under the Limitation Act and
     held that on the ground of limitation prescribed in Section 28 of the Sikh
H    Gurdwaras Act, the plaintiff could not be non-suited. The High Court thus
      MAMO v. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT SHRI GURDWARA SAHIB [QUADRI, J.J 121


    allowed the Second Appeal and decreed the suit on December 16, 1987. It is            A
    against that judgment and decree that this appeal is filed.

          Mr. Ashok K. Mahajan, learned counsel for the appellant, contended
    that under Section 29(2) of the Limitation Act, the period of limitation prescribed
    under the special Act alone would apply and in view of the provision of
    Section 28(1) of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act. The suit ought to have been filed            B
    within ninety days of the notification dated November l, 1962 but it was filed
    on April 22, 1969 so it was clearly barred; that the High Court wrongly held
    that the suit was within limitation under the Limitation Act and allowed the
    Second Appeal.

          Mr. Hardev Singh, learned senior counsel for the first respondent,              C
    argued that the suit contemplated under Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act
    was earlier filed against the local Committee and that the present suit was filed
    on the basis of the title, therefore, it would be governed by the Limitation Act
    and that in view of findings of the courts below the suit was rightly held to
    be within limitation by the High Court.                                               D
          On the contentions raised at the hearing and in the written submissions


-   of the learned counsel, the following question falls for considei;ation : is the
    period of limitation specified in Section 28 of the Sikh GurdwaraS Act applicable
    to the suit filed by the plaintiff against the defendants for reco-Yery of the suit
    land?                                                              .                  E
                                                                       .•
           Here, it will be useful to read Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925
    which is extracted hereunder:

            "28. Suits for possession of undisputed property on behalf of Notified
            Sikh Gurdwaras-                                                               F
             (I) When a notification has been published under the provisions of
                 sub-section (3) of Section 5 or of sub-section (3) of Section 10,
                 the committee of the gurd~ara concerned may bring a suit on
                 behalf of the gurdwara for the possession of any property a
                 proprietary title in which has been specified in such notification,      G
                 provided that the gurdwara concerned is entitled to immediate
                 possession of the property in question, and is not in possession
                 thereof at the date of the publication of such notification.
            (2)   The suit shall be instituted in the principal court of original
                  jurisdiction in which the property in question is situated within       H
     122                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A                 a period of ninety days from the date of the publication of such
                  notification, or from the date of the constitution of the committee,
                  whichever is later, and if a suit is not instituted within that period
                  no subsequent suit on behalf of the Gurdwara for the possession
                  of property shall be instituted in any court except on the ground
                  of the dispossession of the gurdwara after the date of the
B                 publication of such notification."

           Section 28 deals with suits for recovery of possession of undisputed
     property on behalf of the notified Sikh Gurdwaras. Under the scheme of the
     Sikh Gurdwaras Act a consolidated list of the gurdwaras and the properties
C   thereof was published and claims, if any, were entertained within the prescribed
    time. Where no claim was made under sub-section (2) of Section 5, a notification
    was issued under sub-section (3) of Section 5 specifying that no claim was
    mad~ in respect of the right, title or interest in any property mentioned therein
    and such a notification is conclusive proof of the fact that no such claim was
    mad~ in respect of any right, title or interest in the gurdwaras and the
D   properties specified in the notification. So also is the position in respect of
    a notification issued under sub-section (3) of Section 10 regarding properties
    included in the list published under sub-section (3) of Section 7. The properties
    included in the said notifications are treated as undisputed properties under
    Section 28 of the Sikh Gurdwaras Act.
E
           Now, a plain reading of the provisions extracted above shows that sub-
     section (i) of Section 28 enables the committee of the gurdwara concerned to
     bring a suit on behalf of the gurdwara for the possession of any property,
     a proprietary title which has been specified in such notification subject to two
     conditions - (1) that the gurdwara concerned is entitled to immediate possession
F    of the property in question and (2) it is not in possession thereof at the date
     of the publication of such notification. Sub-section (2) of Section 28 has three
     limbs: the first provides that such a suit shall be instituted in the principal
     court of original jurisdiction in which the property in question is situated; the
    second prescribes a period of limitation of ninety days for bringing the suit
G   (commencing from the date of publication of notification referred to in sub-
    section ( 1) or from the date of constitution of the committee whichever is
    later) and the third declares the consequence of failure to institute such a suit
    within the s~id period of ninety days and mandates that no subsequent suit
    on behalf of the gurdwara for possession of the property shall be instituted
    in any court except on the ground of dispossession of the gurdwara after the
H   date of the publication of such notification. For a suit ofthis nature no period
  MAMOv. COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT SHRI GURDWARA SAHIB [QUADRI, J.] 123

of limitation .is prescribed thereunder so it will be governed by the Indian         A
Limitation Act.

       In the instant case, there is no dispute that the suit land is a notified
property. The suit contemplated under sub-section (1) of Section 28 was
brought within the period specified in sub-section (2) against the local
committee of the gurdwara which was managing the suit land. That suit was            B
decreed. In execution of the decree passed in that suit symbolic possession
was obtained from Pritam Singh as he was not a party to the suit. We have
perused the original record. The report of the bailiff in execution proceedings
did mention that symbolic possession of the suit land was given to the decree
holder. No material was placed before the Courts below by the defendants to          C
show that Pritam Singh challenged handing over of symbolic possession or
claimed any right or title in the suit land in execution proceedings and that
was upheld. It was only after the said Pritam Singh denied the tenancy and
the Assistant Coilector 1st grade held that he was neither the mortgagee nor
the tenant, the plaintiff brought the present suit against the defendants for
reco.very of possession of the suit land. This suit is of the nature referred to     D
in the third limb of sub-section (2) of Section 28, referred to above. On the
premise that it was only after the publication of the notification that the cause
of action arose to the plaintiff, it filed the suit for recovery of the suit-land.
The first Appellate Court as well as the High Court held that the defendants
did not perfect their title by adverse possession and this finding remained          E
unchallenged.

        From the above discussion, it follows that the period of limitation of
ninety days mentioned in Section 28 is not applicable to the present suit, so
it cannot, therefore, be said to be barred by limitation specified therein. The
suit falls within the third limb of s~b-Section (2) of Section 28 to which period    F
of limitation specified in the Indian Limitation Act applies. The first Appellate
Court and the High Court have held that the suit is not barred under Limitation
Act. The High Court has, therefore, rightly decreed the suit of the plaintiff.
We find no illegality in the judgment and decree under appeal. The appeal
fails and it is accordingly dismissed but in the circumstances of the case
without costs.                                                                       G
A.KT.                                                         Appeal dismissed.