Supreme Court of India
MARUTHI JAIWANT NAKADIversusEKNATH G NAVAREKAR (DEAD) BY L.RS. & ORS.
- Citation
- 2009 INSC 1301
- Decided
- 14 December 2009
- Disposal
- Dismissed
- Bench
- TARUN CHATTERJEE
Holding
The High Court correctly exercised its revisional power under Section 121‑A, re‑appreciated the evidence, gave due importance to the statutory presumption in the revenue records, and validly set aside the tribunals' findings.
Summary
The tenant, Maruthi Jaiwant Nakadi, filed a Form No. 7 application under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 seeking occupancy rights over 11 acres 17 guntas, claiming he had cultivated the land for years and paid rent in kind. The landlords, represented by the heirs of the deceased Eknath G. Navarekar, opposed the claim, producing revenue records from 1956 onward that showed the land was recorded in their names and cultivated by hired labourers. The Land Tribunal and the Appellate Authority allowed the tenant’s application, but the High Court, on revision under s. 121‑A of the Act, set aside those findings, held that the tenant failed to rebut the statutory presumption arising from the revenue records, and rejected his claim. The Supreme Court was asked whether the High Court could re‑appreciate evidence and overturn the tribunals’ findings. The Court held that s. 121‑A gives the High Court wide revisional powers, allowing it to re‑evaluate evidence, discard findings unsupported by record, and give due weight to statutory presumptions, and therefore affirmed the High Court’s decision. The appeal was dismissed.
Issues considered
- Whether the High Court, exercising jurisdiction under Section 121‑A of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961, can re‑appreciate the evidence and arrive at a finding contrary to that of the tribunals below.
- Whether the High Court can set aside the concurrent findings of fact recorded by the tribunals merely because another view is possible.
Legislation cited
- Code of Civil Procedure, 1908s. 115
- Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961s. 121-A, s. 133
Subjects
occupancy rightsKarnataka Land Reforms ActSection 121-Astatutory presumptionrevenue recordsrevisional jurisdictionSection 115 CPCtenancy
Judgment
[2009) 16 (ADDL.) S.C.R. 408
A MARUTHI JAIWANT NAKADI
v.
EKNATH G NAVAREKAR (DEAD) BY L.RS. & ORS.
(Civil Appeal No 1027 of 2001)
DECEMBER 14, 2009
B
[TARUN CHATIERJEE AND DALVEER
BHANDARI, JJ.]
Kamataka Land Reforms Act, 1961
c
s.121-A - Revisional power of High Court - Application
seeking occupancy rights by the person claiming himself to
be tenant of suit land - No documentary evidence led by
applicant - Application resisted by landlords by producing
D revenue records - Land Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal
allowing the application - High Court allowing revision petition • •
of landlords and rejecting the application of tenant - HELD:
High Court has rightly held that statutory presumption arising
out of revenue records must be given due importance and
E mere subjective satisfaction of Tribunal was not enough - It
was for the Tribunal to give reasons to discard entries made
in revenue records - Powers of High Court uls 121-A of the
Act and s. 115 CPC to interfere with findings of fact of
Tribunals below- Explained- There is no infirmity or illegality
in the judgment of High Court- Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
F - s. 115 - Evidence - Presumption as regards entries in
.-
revenue records.
The appellant filed an application in Form No. 7 under
the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 claiming
G occupancy rights over 11 acres and 17 guntas of land on
the ground that he was cultivating the said land for many
years and was paying rent on crop share basis. The
respondents-landlords resisted the application
contending that the land was never leased to anybody,
H 408
MARUTHI JAIWANT NAKADI v. EKNATH G. NAVAREKAR 409
(DEAD) BY L.RS.
but was cultivated through labourers as shown in the A
revenue records from the year 1956 onwards. The
Tribunal allowed the application of the appellant. The
Appellate Authority dismissed the appeal of the landlords.
However, the High Court allowed their revision petition
under s. 121-A of the Act and rejected the application of B
the appellant for grant of occupancy rights.
In the instant appeal, the questions for consideration
,, before the Court were: (i) whether the High Court,
exercising jurisdiction u/s 121-A of the Act could re-
appreciate the evidence and come to a finding contrary
c
to that of the Tribunals below and (ii) whether the High
Court, while exercising jurisdiction u/s 121-A of the Act
could set aside the concurrent findings of fact recorded
by the Tribunals below only because another view was
possible . D
.~ I Dismissing the appeal, Court
HELD: 1.1. The scope of s.121-A of the KarnataKa
Land Reforms Act, 1961 has been widely discussed in E
the case of Jagdeesh* indicating the power of the High
Court to interfere with. the concurrent findings of fact
arrived at by the Tribunals below and to set aside the
concurrent orders of the Tribunals below. [Para 9] [413-
G-H; 414-A]
~ ., F
*Jagdeesh vs. State of Karnataka 2008 (2 ) SCR 737 =
AIR 2008 SC 1304, relied on .
... 1.2. From a careful examination of the findings given
by the High Court in the instant case, it would be clear G
that the High Court, while setting aside the concurrent
orders of the Tribunals below, has rightly taken into
'T • consideration that although the tenant/appellant was
claiming to be cultivating the land in question, he failed
to produce any receipt taken from the landlords/ H
410 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2009) 16 (ADDL.) S.C.R.
A respondents in lieu of rent ; whereas, on the other hand,
the landlords/respondents produced the entries made in
record of rights relating to the land in question from the
year 1962 which amply proved that they were cultivating
the land in question and in absence of any reliable
B evidence it was difficult to prove that the tenant/appellant
was in cultivation of the land in question. [Para 12) [417-
E-G]
1.3. The High Court has rightly held that the statutory •
presumption arising out of the revenue records must be
c given due importance and mere subjective satisfaction of
the tribunal was not enough. It was for the tribunal to give
reasons to discard the entries made in the record of
rights. The High Court also was fully justified in holding
that there was absolutely no rebuttal evidence led by the
D tenant/appellant to show that though he was cultivating
the land in question his name was not entered for some . ~
reason or even due to the high handedness of the
landlords/respondents. Furthermore, considering the
scope of s.121-A of the Act and the power of the High
E Court thereunder to interfere with the findings of fact of
the courts below, and the scope of s.115, CPC and the
power of the High Court thereunder, there is no infirmity
or illegality in the judgment of the High Court warranting
any interference. [Para 13 and 14) [417-H; 418-A-E] r •
F
Case Law Reference:
2008 (2 ) SCR 737 relied on para 9
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
G 1027 of 2001.
From the Judgment & Order dated 4.6.1998 of the Hgh
Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in L.R.R.P. No. 1960 of 1989. \ .
G.V. Chandrashekar, Nand Kishor, P.P. Singh for the
H Appellant.
MARUTHI JAIWANT NAKADI v. EKNATH G. NAVAREKAR 411
(DEAD) BY L.RS.
S.N. Bhat for the Respondents. A
The Judgment of the Court
,
was delivered by
TARUN CHATTERJEE, J. 1. This appeal by special
leave arises from the judgment and order dated 4th June, 1998
passed by the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in LRRP B
No. 1960 of 1989, whereby the High Court had allowed the
Petition filed by the Landlords/Respondents, under Section
121A of the Karnataka Land Reform Act, 1961(in short 'the Act')
" setting aside the orders passed by the Additional Land
Reforms Appellate Authority, Sirsi and the Land Tribunal, c
i-talyala.
2. The Tenant/Appellant in this appeal, claiming to be the
tenant of Block No. 20 measuring 11 acres and 17 guntas of
Kumbarkoppa Village in Haliyal Taluk (hereinafter referred to D
as 'land in question'), filed an application in Form No. 7 before
~ ~
the Land Tribunal, Halyala claiming occupancy rights under the
Act. In his application it was alleged that he was cultivating the
land in question for many years and was paying rent on crop
share basis. It was further alleged by the tenant/Appellant that E
since the Landlords/Respondents never stayed in the
Kumbarkoppa Village, the question of cultivating the land in
question by them would not arise at all. Acc.ordingly, the
appellant prayed for an order of occupancy right in respect of
.. .. the land in question on the aforesaid allegations .
F
3. The Landlords/Respondents denied the material
allegations made in the application filed by the Tenant/Appellant,
inter alia, alleging that the land in question was never leased
to anybody and was cultivated through coolies, even the
revenue records from the year 1956 onwards showed the G
names of the landlords themselves and the mode of cultivation
,,, ;
as No.2, i.e. through hired labourers. Accordingly, Landlords/
Respondents prayed for rejection of the application filed by the
appellant claiming occupancy rights in respect of the land in
question. H
412 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 16 (ADDL.) S.C.R.
A 4. By an order dated 6th of December, 1998, the Land
Tribunal, Halyala allowed the application of the tenant/Appellant
holding that it was the appellant who continued to cultivate the
land in question and therefore entitled to claim occupancy
rights.
B
5. Feeling aggrieved, the Landlords/Respondents filed an
appeal before the Appellate Authority, Sirsa which dismissed
the appeal of the Landlords/ Respondents and confirmed the
grant of occupancy rights relating to the land in question in
favour of the tenant/Appellant inter alia holding that :-
c
(1) The Landlords/Respondents could not prove by cogent
and sufficient evidence that they were in cultivation of the
land in question;
D (2) The presumption of the entry in the record of rights
stood rebutted by the oral evidence of the tenant/appellant;
• •
(3) The admission of the Landlords/Respondents that they
were not staying in the Kumbarkoppa village would itself
be sufficient to grant occupancy rights in favour of the
E appellant.
6. Aggrieved by the order of the Appellate Authority, the
Landlords/Respondents filed a revision petition under Section
121A of the Act which came to be registered as No. 1960 of
F 1989 before the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore. The
High Court, by the impugned judgment, had set aside the
..
concurrent findings of fact of the Tribunals below and thereby
allowed the application by the landlords/respondents under
Section 121A of the Act and rejected the application of tenant/
G appellant for grant of occupancy rights in respect of the land in
question. It was, inter alia, held in the impugned order that the
tenant/appellant had failed to rebut the presumption of entries
in the record of rights by adducing reliable evidence and, ••
therefore, had failed to prove their tenancy relating to the land
in question.
H
MARUTHI JAIWANT NAKADI v. EKNATH G. NAVAREKAR 413
(DEAD) BY L.RS. [TARUN CHATIERJEE, J.)
7. Before us, the pivotal issues raised by the learned A
counsel for the parties were as follows:
(a) Whether the High Court, exercising jurisdiction
under Section 121A of the Act can re-appreciate
the evidence and come to a contrary finding to that 8
of the Tribunals below ?
(b) Whether the High Court, while exercising jurisdiction
under Section 121 A of the Act, could set aside the
concurr.ent findings of fact recorded by the Tribunals
below only because another view was possible ? C
8. We have heard Mr. Chandrashekhar, learned counsel
appearing on behalf of the tenanUappellant and Mr. S.N. Bhat,
learned counsel appearing on behalf of the landlords/
Respondents. We have carefully examined the impugned D
judgment of the High Court as well as the orders of the Tribunals
~ 1 below. Before proceeding any further it is necessary to
understand the scope of Section 121A of the Act. The power
conferred on the High Court to revise the order of the Tribunal
below has been provided in Section 121A of the Act which E
reads thus:
"The High Court may at any time call for the records of any
other order of proceeding recorded by the Appellate
Authority under this Act or any other law for the purpose
~ ..i of satisfying itself as to the legality of such order or as to F
the regularity of such proceeding and may pass such order
with respect thereto as it thinks fit."
9. The scope of Section 121A of the Act has been widely
discussed in the case of Jagdeesh v. State of Karnataka [AIR G
2008 SC 1304], in which one of us was a party (Chatterjee J.).
In paragraphs 8 and 9 of the said decision it has been made
.,, • clear as to when the High Court could interfere with the
concurrent findings of fact arrived at by the Tribunals below in
exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 121A of the Act for H
414 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009) 16 (ADDL.) S.C.R.
A setting aside the concurrent orders of the Tribunals below. In
this view of the matter, it would be appropriate to reproduce
Paragraphs 8 & 9 of the decision which reads as below:
"8. From a plain reading of Section 121A of the Act, under
which revisional jurisdiction can be exercised, it would be
B
clear that the High Court, while exercising such power is
entitled to re-appreciate the evidence when it finds that the
conclusion arrived at by the appellate authority runs contrary
to the materials on record and when it finds that there is
no evidence to support the conclusion of the appellate
c authority or when it finds that the reasons given by the
appellate authority are absolutely perverse and cannot be
supported by the evidence on record. It wouki C1!e0 i..Je clear
from a plain re:::dii1g of Section 121A of the Act that the
High Court is also entitled to interfere with the orders of
D the Tribunals below when the material ev1aence on record
was ignored or a findin~ v.-as such that no court would come j
•
to such conclusion or that the decision of the Tribunals
below was manifestly unjust.
E 9. We have carefully examined the provisions under
Section 121A of the Act, which is the revisional power
under the Act, and also the provisions um:!:;~ Section 115
of the Code of Civil Procedure (for short "the Code"). So
F
far as Section 115 of the Code is concerned, it has been
made clear that it is only in case of a jurisdictional error .. '
or when the courts below had acted with material
irregularity in the exercise of their jurisdiction that the
question of interfering with such an order can arise,
otherwise, the High Court is not entitled to interfere with
any other order which does not satisfy the conditions laid
G
down for interference under Section 115 of the Code. On
the other hand, in our view, under Section 121 A of the Act,
it would be open to the High Court to interfere with the • •
orders of the tribunals below as the High Court is
empowered to look into the legality of the order or
H
~·
MARUTHI JAIWANT NAKADI v. EKNATH G. NAVAREKAR 415
(DEAD) BY L.RS. '[TARUN CHATTERJEE, J.]
regularity of the proceedings although, in the exercise of A
revisional jurisdiction under Section 115 of the Code, the
High Court is not entitled to look into the legality of the
order or the regularity of the proceedings but only entitled
to interfere with the orders of the Tribunals or the courts
below when it finds that they have a) exercised a B
jurisdiction not vested in them by law, or b) failed to
exercise a jurisdiction so vested, or c) acted in the exercise
of their jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity.
Reading the aforesaid provisions viz., Section 121A of the
Act and Section 115 of the Code, we have no hesitation c
in our mind to hold that the revisional power exercised by
the High Court under Section 121A of the Act is wider than
the one exercised by the High Court in its revisional
jurisdiction under Section 115 of the Code. As noted
herein earlier, since Section 121A of the Act clearly D
empowers the High Court to look into the legality of the
~
. orders impugned, therefore, it would be open to the High
Court to consider the material evidence on record, when
it finds that such evidence was not at all considered by the
tribunals below or when the conclusion arrived at by the
tribunals below run contrary to the materials on record or E
when it finds that there is no evidence to support the
conclusion of the tribunals below or that the reasons given
by the tribunals below are absolutely perverse or a finding
~ ~ was such that no court would come to such a conclusion
or that the decisions of the tribunals below were manifestly F
unjust."
... 10. In the present case while setting aside the findings of
the Tribunal, the High Court made the following findings:
G
"In the present case, except the oral evidence of the tenant
no material has been placed before the court. According
... ~
to the tenant, he is cultivating the land since 1962 and has
been paying 40 bags of paddy per year towards rent. He
has stated that he has got a residential house at
H
416 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 16 (ADDL.) S.C.R.
A Kumbarkoppa Village and also a cattle shed in the land.
He has admitted that he has not taken any receipt from
the landlords and that on the say of Eknath Gopal
Navarekar, one of the landlords, he was coming to
Kumbarkoppa to cultivate the land in question. As against
B this evidence there is evidence of the landlord who has
stated that, though his two brothers are staying away from
the land in question as they are in service, it is one of the
brothers,, viz., Shankar Gopal Navarekar, Petitioner 2, who
is staying at Haliyal which is just 5 km away, is getting the
c land cultivated through hired labourers or coolies. He has
also stated the land was never leased to anybody and that
sometimes the tenant was also engaged as a
coolie .......................... "
"He has further stated apart from the oral evidence that the
D landlords have produced the revenue records from the year
1962 onwards which shows that it is t~1e petitioners who I •
are in possession and cultivation of the land in question. ...
The mode of cultivation is also shown as No. 2 which is
through hired labourer or coolie. There is absolutely no
E rebuttable evidence produced or even suggested from him
to show these entries are false and fabricated. As
observed by this Court in the case of Radhakrishna Setty
v. Land Tribunal, Somwarpet, & Another [1977(2) Kar.L.J.,
281], the statutory presumption arising out of the revenue
F record should be given due importance and the mere ••
subjective satisfaction of the Tribunal is not enough. The
tribunal has to give reasons to discard the entries in the
record of rights. Thus there is no rebuttal evidence led by
the tenant to show that, though he was cultivating the land
G in question, his name was not entered for some reason
or even due to high handedness of the landlords. The only
circumstance relied upon by the Tribunal and the Appellate
authority is the statement of the landlord that the tenant is
. ,,
residing at Kumbarkoppa and one of the tenant is staying
H at Haliyal which is 5km away and it is not possible for him
,.
MARUTHI JAIWANT NAKADI v. EKNATH G. NAVAREKAR 417
(DEAD) BY L.RS. [TARUN CHATIERJEE, J.]
to cultivate the land by himself or through coolie; that as 2 A
out of 3 Appellants are staying away on job it is not possible
for the landlords to self- cultivate the land and that by
admitting that the tenant was sometimes engaged as
coolie, the presumption arising under Section 133 of the
Act has been rebutted".
. B
11. Finally, while setting aside the findings of fact, the High
Court, came to a conclusion:
"As noted by me earlier, the discussion of the Appellate
Authority and the tribunal is absolutely based on no c
material evidence. The so called admissions of the
landlord are not admissions at all. .............
I find that the reasoning given by the Appellate Authority
as well as by the Tribunal are totally baseless without any D
~ evidence and they have relied upon the so-called
'' statement and arrived at the finding merely on conjectures
and surmises."
12. From a careful examination of the findings given by the
High Court, as quoted hereinabove, it would be clear that the E
High Court, while setting aside the concurrent orders of the
Tribunals below, has rightly taken into consideration that
although the tenant/Appellant was claiming to be cultivating the
. ~ land in question, he had failed to produce any receipt taken
F
from the Landlords/Respondents in lieu .of rent and on the other
hand, the High Court was fully justified in holding that the
Landlords/Respondents had produced the entries made in
... record of rights relating to the land in question from the year
1962 which amply proved that the landlords/respondents were
cultivating the land in question and in absence of any reliable G
evidence it was difficult to prove that the tenant/appellant was
,
I in cultivation of the land in question.
"
13. We are also in agreement with the High Court, when
the High Court had held that the statutory presumption arising
H
418 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2009] 16 (ADDL.) S.C.R.
A out of the revenue record must be given due importance and
mere subjective satisfaction of the tribunal was not enough. It
was for the tribunal to give reasons to discard the entries made
in the record of rights. The High Court also, in our view, was
fully justified that there was absolutely no rebuttal evidence led
B by.the tenant/appellant to show that though he was cultivating
the land in question his name had not been entered for some
reason or even due to the high handedness of the landlords/
respondents. Furthermore, in view of our discussions and
findings made herein above and considering the power and
c scope of the High Court under Section 121A of the Act to
interfere with the findings of fact of the courts below and the
power and scope of the High Court to interfere under Section
115 of the Code of Civil Procedure, we do not find any ground
to upset the judgment of the High Court which is impugned
before us.
0
14. Accordingly, we do not find any infirmity and illegality t •
in the impugned judgment of the High Court. The appeal has
thus no merit and is, therefore, dismissed and there will be no
order as to costs.
E
R.P. Appeal dismissed.
• •
Search Indian case law
Ask in plain English, not just keywords. 25,000 AI words free, no card.
Try "occupancy rights"Sign in to search