P. BHASKARAN AND ORS.versusUNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

                       P. BHASKARAN AND ORS.                                       A
                                 v.
                      UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

                           NOVEMBER 23, 1995

             [K. RAMASWAMY AND B.L. HANSARIA, JJ.]                                 B

      SeTVice Law-Seni01ity-Ad hoc promotion-Whether seniors refusing
option of ad hoc promotion on transfer still retain seniority over their juniors
who get promoted on exercising such option-Per Govemment policy, seni01ity
of junior protected subject to ntle of rese1vation and qualification-On facts,     c
held juniors not entitled to seniority as the seniors were neither given the
option, nor did they refuse.

       Appellant were working as LDCs in the Western Zone of the Office
of the Controller of Imports and Exports at Ahmedabad. There was a
common seniority list for the whole zone. Though the Appellants were D
junior to the Respondents, they were given the option of ad hoc promotion
on transfer in 1980 itself which they exercised, while such option was given
to the respondents only in 1981 and hence they became senior to the
RP-spondents. As per the Government policy set out in the circular issued
by the respective Joint Chief Controller of Imports and Exports, from time E
to time, an LDC can be transferred from one place to another on ad hoc
promotion on his exercising the option for such transfer-cum-promotion.
If however, the number of vacancies is less than the number of persons
exercising the option, then seniority will be the criteria for consideration.
If the seniormost refuses, then juniors may be promoted and they will be
given seniority over the seniors who refused the option.                      F

      The Respondents who were senior to the Appellants in the LDC
cadre and were also promoted in 1981 filed a Writ Petition challenging the
seniority of the Appellant inter alia, on the ground that they were not given
the option in 1980. The CAT, held that since the Appellants were promoted G
only on ad hoc basis it would not rob the Respondents of their seniority
though they were promoted later since they were senior to the Appellants
in the LDC cadre. The CAT directed the seniority list to be revised
accordingly.

      On behalf of the appellants, it was pleaded before this Court that,          H
                                      625
    626                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995]SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A   on account of the Government policy, though the Appellants were
    promoted on an ad hoc basis, it must be taken that the promotion was on
    regular basis and their seniority should be reckoned from the date of their
    actual promotion vis-a- vis the respondents.

          Dismissing the Appeal, this Court
B
           HELD : 1. When the Appellants were promoted in the year 1980, the
    Respondents were not informed of the right to exercise the option for
    transfer on promotion nor they refused to give option on that basis. Since
    they admittedly are seniors to the Appellants as LDCs in the absence of
C   their refusal, they cannot be made to lose their seniority in the cadre as
    UDCs for no fault of theirs merely because the Appellants were promoted
    in 1980 overlooking the claims of the Respondents 5 & 6. Accordingly on
    facts, the direction issued by the Tribunal is illegal. [630-D-E]

          2. It is seen that in case senior LDCs were not willing to go on
D   transfer after promotion, though on ad hoc basis, and if the juniors had
    accepted and opted for transfer on promotion, the juniors would get
    seniority as UDCs over their seniors in the LDC cadre. The seniors who
    were obviously unwilling for transfer on promotion, were willing to forego
    seniority as LDCs and that thereby the juniors who opted for transfer on
E   promotion, scale a march over the seniors in the cadre as promotee UDCs.
    The aforesaid circular would give them the said right. The ratio is quite
    consistent with the circular issued by the Joint Controller of Imports and
    Exports. [629-C-D; G]

          Joint Chief Controller of Imports and Exports, Madras andAnr. v. V.V.
F Ramanarao and Ors., W.A. No. 116/84 decided on December 24, 1987 by
    A.P. High Court, affirmed.

        3. Due to administrative exigencies when the options were given to
  the senior UDCs for transfer on promotion though ~n ad hoc basis since
  they were not willing for such a transfer by promotion, the administrative
G exigencies do require that the posts need to be filled up from junior LDCs
  who had exercised their option for transfer by promotion as UDCs and get
  seniority in the cadre as UDCs though in .the cadre as LDCs they were
  juniors. They get seniority from the date of their initial promotion though
                                                                                  ...
  on an ad hoc basis. When they were regularly working as UDCs in existing
H vacancies,. obviously, promotion would be given according to the rules
                              P. BHASKARAN v. U.0.1.                         627

    consistent with the rule of seniority-cum-fitness and following the rule of A
    reservation. Promotion thereby given would be treated according to rules,
    though initially made on ad hoc basis. Thus juniors would scale a march
    over senior LDCs who were unwilling for transfer by promotion. [630-A-C]

            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 11560 of
    1995.                                                                          B
          From the Judgment and Oi;der dated 29.9.89 of the Central Ad-
    ministrative Tribunal, Ahmedabad in Misc. A. No. 986 of 1988.

            B.K. Mehta, Jatin Jhaveri and H.J. Jhaveri for the Appellants.
                                                                                   c
         N.N. Goswami, Ms. Sushma Suri and Hemant Sharma, for the
    Respondents.

            The following Order of the Court was delivered :

            Leave granted.                                                         D
          The Central Administrative Tribunal, Ahmedabad in its order dated
    September 29, 1989 in Misc. Application No. 986 of 1988 dismissed the
    application of the appellants to review its order made in T.A. No. 263/86
    on August 14, 1987. Therein, the Tribunal had directed the seniority list of   E
    UDC to be drawn afresh in the light of the directions issued in that order,
    namely, no promotion should be made on the basis of options without
    resorting to the recruitment rules in terms of the quota laid do\.vn and the
    procedures for filling it up could be regarded as valid as long as it is not
    ad hoc. Such ad hoc promotions do not deprive the seniority of the
    respondents 5 and 6 in this appeal. The promotions given on ad hoc basis       F
    cannot give any right to seniority. The regular promotee cannot be deprived



-
    of seniority on the basis of the ad hoc promotions given to the LDCs. who
    were promoted on transfer but were juniors in the cadre of LDCs. To the
    said order, the appellants were not impleaded as parties.

          The facts in this case are that the appellants are LDCs. in the          G
    Western Zone of the office of the Contr9Uer of Imports & Exports com-
    prising Rajkot, Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Bombay & Kandla. Common
    seniority list as LDCs. was being maintained for the entire Western Zone.
    The appellants were working as LD.Cs. in Ahmedabad. The respondents 5
    & 6 were working as LDCs. in Rajlfot. Admittedly, they were appointed as       H
    628                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A LDCs in the year 1964 while the appellants were appointed in 1969. The
    Government issued a policy in which it was stated that the respective Joint
    Chief Controller of Imports and Exports in each Zone issued circulars
    from time to time wherein the relevant part reads that an LDC would be
    transferred on promotion from one place to another but such promotion
    would be on ad hoc basis. If more persons than the number of vacancies
B   express willingness for the above promotion then the seniormost among
    them will be considered.

           In the event of the seniors not willing to go on promotion, the juniors
    who accept the promotion will be given seniority over their seniors who
C   would not be willing. The initial transfer on promotion in normal course
    would be on ad hoc basis. If more than the required candidates opt for
    transfer on promotion, the senior most would be given promotion in the
    order of seniority UDC. so far there is no controversy. The area of
    controversy arises when option was given but seniors did not opt to transfer
D   but juniors to them exercised their option and were promoted. and trans-
    ferred to other places. The question, therefore, is whether they acquire
    right to seniority from the date of promotion as UDCs. or would they have
    to await the promotion of seniors in the normal course?

        It is the case of the appellants that they had expressed their willing-
E ness to be transferred on promotion as UDCs from Ahmedabad to other
  places·in Western Zone. Those offers were given to them in 1980 and their
  promotions came to be made accordingly. According to them their
  seniority should be counted from the date of promotion, i.e., in the year
  1980. In 1981, respondents 5 & 6 who were working as LDCs at Rajkot
p were given option and they too exercised their option for transfer on
  promotion. Accordingly, they were promoted as UDCs and were trans-
  ferred to Ahmedabad. It is their case that when they went to Ahmedabad
  and reported to duty, they came to know that the appellants had already
  been promoted as UDCs and were continuing as such on the above basis.
  Consequently, they filed a writ petition in the High Court which was
G transferred to the CAT, claiming seniority over the appellants.

          It is seen that the Tribunal had accepted the case of respondents 5
    & 6 that sin_ce they are seniors to the appellants in the cadre as LDCs, the
    ad hoc promotion made to the appellants as UDC would not disentit1e the
H   respondents to claim their seniority in the cadre as UDCs though promoted
                         P. BHASKARAN v. U.0.1.                          629

later to the appellants. That principle came to be accepted and suitable A
directions were given in the impugned judgment for preparation of the
seniority list on the basis of the above principle.

      Shri B.K. Mehta learned senior counsel for the appellants, contended
that since the appellants had accepted transfer on promotion, though on
ad hoc basis, in view of the aforestated policy, their promotion must be        B
treated to be on regular basis and that, therefore, their seniority should be
counted from the date of transfer on promotion. Since respondents 5 & 6
were promoted in 1981, they cannot claim seniority over the appellants.

      It is seen that in case senior LDCs were not willing to go on transfer    C
after promotion, though on ad hoc basis, and if the juniors had accepted
and opted for transfer on promotion, the juniors would get seniority as
UDCs over their seniors in the LDC cadre. The seniors who were obviously
unwilling for transfer on promotion, were willing to forego seniority as
LDCs and that thereby the juniors who opted for transfer on promotion,
scale a march over the seniors in the cadre as promotees UDCs. The D
aforestated circular would give them the said right. This controversy was
considered by a Division Bench of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in W.A.
No. 116/84, Joint Chief Controller of Imports & Exports, Madras & Anr. v.
V.V. Ramanarao & Ors., by order dated December 24, 1987, where it was
~~:                                                                             E
        "The effect of the unwillingness on the part of the senior LDCs to
        proceed on transfer promotion to Hyderabad as UDCs resulted
        in their losing their seniority in the category of LDCs in favour of
        the transferees."
                                                                                F
      After elaborate consideration, the Division Bench had held that the
senior LDCs who were unwilling to go on ad hoc transfer as UDCs would
be treated as having foregone their seniority in favour of all their juniors
who opted to go on such transfer and thereby they become seniors to those
LDCs who were unwilling for the transfer.                                       G
      We fmd that the ratio is quite consistent with the circular issued by
the Joint Chief Controller of Imports and Exports. Of course, as held by
the Tribunal, it would be subject to rule of reservation and fulfillment of
the qualifications required for the posts as UDC. The reason would be
obvious that due to administrative exigencies when the options were given       H
      630                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

 A to the senior UDCs for transfer on promotion though on ad hoc basis since
   they were not willing for such a transfer by promotion, the administrative
   exigencies do require that the posts need to be filled up from junior LDCs.
   who had exercised their option for transfer by promotion as UDCs and get
   seniority in the cadre as UDCs though in the cadre as LDCs they were
 B juniors. They get seniority from the date of their initial promotion though
   on ad hoc basis. When they were regularly working as UDCs in existing
   vacancies, obviously promotion would be given according to rules consis-
   tent with rule of seniority-cum-fitness and following the rule of reservation.
   Promotion thereby given would be treated according to rules, though
   initially made on ad hoc basis. Thus the juniors would scale a march over
 C senior LDCs who were unwilling for transfer by promotion.
             In this case, respondents 5 & 6 had stated before the Tribunal and
      they have also reiterated in the counter sent through post to this that for
      the first time they were given option in 1981 for transfer on promotion and
      that they exercised the option. Consequently, they were promoted as UDCs
 P    and were transferred on promotion to Ahmedabad. Thus considered, when
      the appellants were promoted in the year 1980, they were not informed of
      the right to exercise the option for transfer on promotion nor they refused
      to give option on that basis. Since they admittedly are seniors to the
      appellants as LDCs in the absence of their refusal, they cannot be made
 E    to lose their seniority in the cadre as UDCs for no fault of theirs merely
      because the appellants were promoted in 1980 overlooking the claims of                J
      respondents 5 & 6. Accordir.gly, on facts, we do not think that the direction
      issued by the Tribunal is illegal.

            The appeal is accordingly dismissed and the .Joint Controller of
· F   Imports and Exports, Western Zone will determine the seniority by follow-
      ing the above principles, circulate the same to all the candidates and after
      considering their objections, if any, will finalised tl_ie seniority list according
      to rules and should take action according to law. No costs.

      l.M.A.                                                        Appeal dismissed.