PAWAN KUMAR SHARMAversusGURDIAL SINGH

A                            PA WAN KUMAR SHARMA
                                       v.
                                 GURDIAL SINGH

                                SEPTEMBER 23, 1998

B                    [DR. A.S. ANAND AND V.N. KHARE, JJ.)


            Bar Council of India Rules :

            Rules 47 and 48-Advocate-P;-ofessional misconduct-Nature of
C charge-Complaint filed against Advocate that he was engaged in "taxi
    business "-Advocate admitting that prior to his enrolment, he was engaged
    in the business, but after the issuance of licence he had started winding up
    the said business and was not doing any business-Held, charge of
    professional misconduct is in the nature of quasi-criminal charge-It is
    required to be established not by preponderance of probabilities but beyond
D   a reasonable doubt-In the instant case, the evidence led only shows that
    the appellant owned four taxis-Mere ownership of taxis cannot lead to any
    irresistible conclusion that he was engaged in taxi business after his enrolment
    as an Advocate-The evidence does not establish the charge of misconduct-
    Order ofDisciplinary Committee of Bar Council ofIndia holding the appellant
E   guilty ofprofessional misconduct and suspending him from practising for one
    year is set aside.
            Words and Phrases :
         Expression "personally engaged in any business" occurring in R. 47
    of Bar Council of India Rules-Meaning of
F           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 3407 of
    1998.

          From the Judgment and Order dated 11.4.98 of the Disci1Jinary Committee
    of the Bar Council oflndia, in B.C.I.T.P. Code No. 9of1994.

G         M.R. Sharma, B. Kanta Rao, Ms. Anjana Sharma and Ms. Sudha Gupta
    for the Appellant.
            L. Nageshwar Rao and D. Mahesh Babu for the Respondent.

            The following Order of the Court was delivered :

            Appellant has called in question the order of the Disciplinary Committee
H                                           28
                              P.K. SHARMA v. G. SINGH                          29
    of the Bar Council of India dated 11.4.1998 vide which he was punished by         A
    suspension from practice for one year with effect from the date of receipt of
    a copy of the order. The circumstances which led to the filing of this appeal
    need a brief notice :

          Respondent is the complainant against the appellant - advocate. On
    28.8.1991, he filed a complaint alleging that the appellant was doing "taxi       B
    business" and had at the relevant time four taxis in his ownership. It was
    alleged that since the appellant was practising as a Lawyer, he could not have
    carried on the taxi business without the permission of the Bar Council and
    since no such permission had been obtained by him, he was guilty of committing

)
    professional misconduct. This complaint was filed initially with the State Bar    C
    Council but since it could not be disposed of within a period of one year from
    the date of the complaint, the same was transferred to the Bar Council oflndia
    under Section 36-B of the Advocates Act for its disposal. Before the
    Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council of India, evidence was led on the
    issue viz. "whether respondent has committed the professional misconduct,
    as mentioned in the complaint?".                                                  D
          The evidence led on behalf of the complainant as well as that of the
    appellant shows that the appellant had himself enrolled as an Advocate with
    the Punjab and Haryana Bar Coun0il in January, 1990. At the time when he
    so enrolled himself his family was doing taxi business and he himself also
    owned four taxis. The case of the appellant was that after his enrolment as       E
    an Advocate, he transferred all the taxis to different persons and handed over
    their possession to them and that he did not carry on with the "taxi business"
    thereafter. He filed copies of the affidavits by which transfers had been made
    by him in favour of different persons.

         The Disciplinary Committee after considering the evidence on the record,     F
    came to the conclusion that the appellant was guilty of professional misconduct
    and suspended him from practice for one year.

          We have heard counsel for the parties.

          Rule 47 of the Bar Council of India Rules reads as follows :                G
            "Rule 47 - An Advocate shall not personally engage in any business;
            but he may be a sleeping partner in a firm doing business provided
            that, in the opinion of the appropriate State Bar Council, the nature
            of the business is not inconsistent with the dignity of profession.
          Rule 48 reads thus :                                                        H
    30                           SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A           "Rule 48 - An Advocate may be Director or Chairman of the Board
            of Directors of a company with or without any ordinary sitting fee,
            provided none of his duties are of an executive character. An Advocate
            shall not be a Managing Director or a Secretary of any company."

           A bare perusal of the aforesaid two Rules shows th~t an Advocate
B   shall not personally engage "in any business" though he may be a sleeping
    partner in a firm doing business. He may also act as a Director or Chairman
    of the Board of Directors of a Company with or without any ordinary sitting
    fee, provided none of his duties are of an executive character.

         Charge of professional misconduct is in the nature of ll" quasi-criminal
C charge. It is required to be established, not by preponderance of probabilities
   but beyond a reasonable doubt. In the entire evidence led on behalf of the
   complainant, there is not a whisper that after the enrolment of the appellant
   in January, 1990 he engaged himself or carried on the taxi business. The
   evidence led in the case only shows the appellant owned four taxis. Even if
D we ignore the evidence led by the appellant to the effect that he had disposed
  ·of those taxis after his enrolment as an advocate, the mere ownership of the
   taxis cannot lead to any irresistible conclusion that he was engaged in "taxi
   business" after his enrolment as an Advocate. In his deposition, the appellant
   appearing as RW-2, stated that after the issuance of the licence of the Bar
   Council, he had started winding up his business in which he was engaged
E prior to his enrolment as an Advocate and that he was not doing any "taxi
   business" after his enrolment. This statement has remained unrebutted and
   has also gone unchallenged in the cross-examination. Even the complainant
   in his evidence did not depose that the appellant carried on with his taxi
   business after his enrolment as an advocate.
F          In the face of this material on the record, it is not possibie to say that
    the complainant has established that after the enrolment of the appellant as
    an Advocate, he was personally engaged in taxi business. The evidence on
    the record is vague, indefinite and scanty. It does not establish the charge
    of misconduct against the appellant. The disciplinary committee of the Bar
G   Council oflndia, thus, fell in error in holding the appellant guilty of professional
    misconduct. The charge against the appellant has not been established at all,
    let alone being established beyond reasonable doubt. Consequently, we allow
    this appeal and set aside the order of the Disciplinary Committee of the Bar
    Council of India dated 11-4-1998. No costs.

H RP.                                                                 Appeal allowed.