Holding

The appellant is liable to repay Rs 2,83,192, and the interest rate is reduced to 9% per annum, as the transaction was authorised by him and falls within the ambit of the Act.

Summary

Premanand R. Shenoy became director of Fair Growth Financial Services Ltd after his father's death. The company financed a Mahindra Jeep for him on a hire‑purchase basis, paying Rs 2,83,192 on 22 July 1991 and delivering the vehicle on 15 April 1992 with temporary registration in Shenoy's name. The Custodian, acting under the Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities) Act, 1992, issued a notice, and upon Shenoy’s own disclosure that the jeep was parked at his residence, the Custodian applied to the Special Court. The Special Court ordered Shenoy to repay the amount with interest at 18% per annum, which Shenoy appealed. The Supreme Court held that the documents clearly showed Shenoy’s knowledge and authorisation of the transaction, establishing the nexus required under the Act, and therefore upheld the order, but reduced the interest rate to 9% per annum. The appeal was disposed of with the modification of interest.

Issues considered

The appellant's liability to repay the amount financed by the company for the jeep under the Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities) Act, 1992.
Whether the interest rate of 18% per annum imposed by the Special Court is appropriate.

Legislation cited

Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities) Act, 1992s. 3, s. 5, s. 53

Subjects

Special Court Actnotified personhire purchasedirector liabilitysecurities transaction offenceinterest rate modification

Judgment

[2009] 9 S.C.R. 599

PREMANAND R. SHENOY A
v.
CUSTODIAN AND ORS.
(Civil Appeal No. 5524 of 2004)
MAY 26, 2009
B
[DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA AND DR. 8.5.
CHAUHAN, JJ.]

Special Court (Trial of Offences Relatingi to Transactions
in Securities) Act, 1992: s.5 - Respondent company was C
... declared notified person of which appellant became the·
director immediately after demise of his father - Custodian
concluded that respondent company financed Rs.2.83 lacs
for purchase of a jeep for appellant - Custodian came to --
finding that appellant, being director of respondent company o
was aware that jeep was purchased in his name for which,
consideration was paid by respondent company - On
application filed by Custodian, Special Court directed
appellant to pay Rs. 2. 83 lacs with interest @ 18% p.a. from
date of purchase of vehicle - Held: Documents on record E
indicate that the jeep was ordered in the name of appellant
and it was purchased for him and financed by respondent
company - Therefore nexus between purchase of jeep and
involvement of appellant in deal was clearly established - No
infirmity in the order of Special Court - Order of Special Court F
is upheld however since appellant himself informed
Custodian about the jeep, order on interest is modified and
reduced from 18% to 9% p.a.

The father of appellant was the Chairman and
lncharge of second respondent-company. He died on G
2.2.1992. Thereafter, appellant became the Director of the
said company. An order was placed for purchase of a
jeep by making payment by cheque dated 22.7.1991 for
Rs. 2.83 lacs. As per the original delivery receipt and a
599 H
600 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009) 9 S.C.R.

A letter addressed to the appellant, the vehicle was
delivered to the appellant on 15.4.1992.

In terms of Section 53 of the Special Court (Trial of
Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities) Act, 1992;
the respondent company was declared notified person.
B
The first respondent, the Custodian issued a public
notice dated 10.9.1992 calling upon all the persons who -+
were dealing with the Company to inform him about the
same. The appellant informed the Custodian that a jeep
c belonging to second respondent was parked at a
Panchasheel Park house and that the said vehicle was
under a hire purchase/lease agreement. Th~ opined that
the second respondent financed the purchase of the
vehicle for the appellant. He Custodian filed an
D application before the Special Judge, which was allowed
and the appellant was directed to pay to the Custodian
Rs. 2.83 lacs with interest @ 18% p.a. from 22. 7 .1991.
Aggrieved by the order of Special Court, appellant filed
present appeal.
E
Disposing of the appeal, the Court

HELD: 1.1. The office note of respondent company
indicated that the hire purchase finance was made f
available to the appellant by respondent company and
F the said amount for purchase of the Jeep vehicle was
sanctioned by the Chairman verbally. The cost of the said
vehicle was Rs. 2,83, 192/- and payment for the said
vehicle was to be made on 22.7.1991 and, therefore, after
taking approval of the Vice President, a cheque for the
G said amount was released. There was another letter dated
11.1.1992 available on record which referred to the
subject of the Mahindra Jeep to be sold to the appellant.
In the said letter, respondent company made reference
to proforma invoice dated 22. 7.1991 intimating further that
H the cheque dated 22.7.1991 for Rs. 2,83,192/- was sent for
PREMANAND R. SHENOY v. CUSTODIAN AND ORS. 601

supply of the jeep which was subject to a hire purchase A
agreement between respondent company and the
appellant. The le!ter dated 12.4.1992 was also addressed
to the appellant at the address of respondent company
intimating that the jeep was lying ready for the last five
months and was also duly registered temporarily in the B
name of the appellant. It is an admitted position that
subsequent thereto the jeep was delivered along with
Temporary Registration. The name of the appellant
appears against the name of the registered owner. In fact,
these documents were sent by the appellant himself to c
respondent No. 1 (the Custodian) under his letter dated
4.8.1998 informing the Custodian that Jeep is parked at
Panchasheel Park house. The appellant also stated that
the ex-officials of respondent company informed him that
the vehicle was supposed to be under hire purchase/ D
lease agreement. [Paras 10 and 11] [607-H; 608-A-G]

1.2. On appreciation of these documents, the
Custodian came to a finding that the appellant, being a
Director of the respondent company of which his father
was Chairman and Managing Director, was aware that the E
jeep was purchased in his name for which, consideration
was paid by the respondent company. The premises at
Panchasheel Park was previously occupied by the father
of the appellant. Having found all those facts against the
appellant, it was concluded that the vehicle in question F
was purchased by the appellant through respondent
company on hire purchase agreement and, therefore, the
amount was paid by respondent company. The
temporary registration of the vehicle was taken on
3.3.1992 and the delivery of the vehicle was taken by the G
notified party. The appellant was the Director of the
notified party. Consequent thereto, a categorical finding
was recorded that the aforesaid transaction was known
and authorised by the appellant who was aware that the
, vehicle was ordered by his father on his behalf for which H
602 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 9 S.C.R.
:J ....
• ·.'lei.

-Aconsideration was paid by the notified party. In that view
of the matter, the direction was issued for payment of the
amount in accordance with the provisions of the Special
Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions in
Securities) Act, 1992. All the documents which were sent
B by the appellant himself to the Custodian clearly
indicated that the vehicle was ordered in the name of the _,
appellant. Therefore, it is clear that the appellant was the
owner of the vehicle in question and that it was
purchased on hire purchase and that it was financed by
c respondent company after the amount was sanctioned
by the father of the appellant who was the Chairman ...,.,.
towards hire purchase 'finance for the appellant.
Therefore, the nexus between the purchase of the vehicle
and the involvement of the appellant in the deal is clearly
established. There is no infirmity in the order passed by
D
the Special Court. The said order is upheld but in the
peculiar facrts and circumstances of the case and taking
into consideration the fact that the appellant himself
informed the Custodian about the aforesaid vehicle the
order for payment of interest @ 18% per annum is
E modified. The interest would be payable @ 9% per annum
from 22.7.1991 to 29.2.1992. [Paras 12, 14 and 15] (608- ..:_
H; 609-A-E; H; 610-A-E]
f
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
F 5524 of 2004.

From the Judgment & Order dated 5.3.2004 passed by
the Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions
in Securities), at Bombay in Misc. Application No. 409 of 2000.
G >-
Amar Dave E.C. Agrawala for the Appellant.

Subramo·nium Prasad, Tarun Mehta and Jay Kishore for
the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
H
PREMANANO R. SHENOY v. CUSTODIAN AND ORS. 603
\-

DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J. 1. By filing the present A

• apperu the appellant has challenged the judgment and order
dated 5.3.2004 passed by the Special Court established under
sub-section (1) of Section 5 of the Special Court (Trial of
Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities) Act, 1992
(hereinafter referr~d to as 'the Act') whereby and whereunder 8
the Special Court allowed th9 application filed by the Custodian
(respondent No. 1 herein) thereby directing the appellant to pay
to the Custodi~~ an amount of Rs. 2,83, 192/- with interest at

- the rate of 18% per annum from 22.7.1991to29.2.1992 which
amount the Custodian would receive for and on behalf of c
respondent No. 2.

2. Shri B. Ratnakar, the father of the appellant was the
Chairman and Managing Director of M/s. Fair Growth Financial
Services Limited (for short the 'Company) which is respondent
No. 2 herein. There is no dispute with regard to the fact that D
~
the father of appellant was the Chairni~n and also In-charge of
the aforesaid Company. He died on 2nd February, 1992. The
appellant became the Director of the aforesaid Company
immediately after the demise of his father. An order was placed
'
, for purchase of a Mahindra Jeep by making payment of a E

... cheque dated 22.7.1991 for Rs. 2,83,192/-. The said order
was placed with M/s. Tirupati Balaji Motors, New Delhi. As per
~ the original delivery receipt and letter addressed to the
appellant, the vehicle was delivered to the appellant on
15.4.1992. In this connection, reference may be made to the F
letter dated 12.4.1992 (Annexure R-5 in the paper book) which
is addressed to the appellant herein. The subject of the said
letter was with respect to the delivery of his vehicle. By the said
letter Mis. Tirupati Balaji Motors, New Delhi informed the
)
appellant that despite repeated reminders for the last five G
months regarding delivery of the aforesaid vehicle, the delivery
~
was not taken. As per the order placed, the said jeep was lying
ready for the last five months and was duly registered
temporarily in the name of the appellant. Copy of the temporary
registration and the bill of the receipt were also enclosed with H
I

604 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2009] 9 S.C.R. )
i
A the said letter.

3. Before dwelling further, it wo_uld be relevant here to
mention that the Reserve Bank of India, in the course of its _
investigation, found large scale irregularities and malpractices
in the transactions in both the Government and other securities
B
indulg~d in by some brokers in collusion with the employees
of the various banks and financial institutions. The said
irregularities and malpractices led to the diversion of funds from
banl<s and financial institutions to the individual accounts of
certain prol<ers. To deal with the aforesaid situation and, in
c particular, to ensure speedy recovery of the huge amount
involved, to punish the guilty and restore confidence in, and
maintain the basic integrity and credibility of the banks and
financial institutions, the Special Court was constituted for trial
of offences relating to transactions in securities and in that
D regard an Act was enacted called ''the Special Court (Trial of
).
Offences Relating to Transactions in S~curities) Act, 1992".
Section 3 of the said Act reads as follows

"3. Appointment and functions of Custodian·- (1) The
E Central Government may appoint one or more Custodian ,,
as it may deem fit for the purposes of this Act.

(2) The Custodian may, on being satisfied on
f
...
information received that any person has been involved in
any offence relating to transactions in securities after the
F 1st day of April, 1991 and on a'nd before 6th June, 1992,
notify the name of such person in the Official Gazette.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code
and may other law for the time being in force, on and from
G the date of notification under sub-section (2), any property, ...
_

movable or immovable, ~oth, belonging to any person ,..
notified under that sub-set:tion shall stand attached '---

simultaneously with the issue of the notification.
_,;
(4) The property attached under sub-section (3) shall
H
}
'

"-- PREMANAND R. SHENOY v. CUSTODIAN AND ORS. 605
~ [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]
...{

be dealt with by the Custodian in such manner as the A
• Special Court may direct.
"
(5) The Custodian may take assistance of any
person while exercising his powers or for discharging his
duties under this section and Sec.4."
B
4. In terms of the aforesaid provision,' M/s. Fair Growth
)".
Financial Services Limited was declared as a notified person.
Sub-section 3 of Section 3 empowers the Custodian to attach
'·· any property which could be either movable or immovable, or
both, belonging to the notified person. The said property which c
is attached under sub-section 3 could be dealt with by the
Custodian in such a manner as the Special Court direct in that
regard. In order to comply with the statutory provisions, the
Custodian (respondent No. 1 herein) issued a public notice
dated 10.9.1992 calling upon all the persons who had dealings D
with M/s. Fair Growth Financial Services Limited to inform him
about the same. The appellant, however, after a long period,
for the first time, by his letter dated 4.8.1998 informed the
Custodian that one Mahindra Jeep belonging to respondent
No. 2 was parked at S-25, Panchasheel Park, New Delhi- E
110001, at the residence of one Mr. Vijay Sachadev. It was also
~
,. informed by the appellant in that letter that the said vehicle was
~
supposedly under a hire purchase/lease agreement. The
appellant also enclosed with the aforesaid lefter dated 4.8.1998
five original letters pertaining to the said vehicle which are of F
the following nature :

1. Letter dated 11.1.1992 from respondent No. 2 to
Mis. Tirupati Balaji Motors, New Delhi.
)
- 2. Original invoice. for Rs. 2,90,200/- in the name of G
the appellant.

3. Original C.M. Form dated 3.3.1992.

..... 4. Original letter dated 12.4.1992 addressed to
H
{
\

'

606 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 9 S.C.R.
f
A respondent No. 1. .\

5. Original delivery receipt dated 15.4.1992. '
5. All the aforesaid letters and documents are addressed
to the appellant. After receipt of the aforesaid documents
B alongwith the letters annexed therewith and after making
necessary enquiries, the Custodian came to the conclusion that
respondent no. 2 had financed the purchase of the said vehicle
for the appellant. According to the respondent No. 1 (the
Custodian), respondent No. 2 had placed an order for the said
c vehicle on behalf of the appellant to Mis. Tirupati Balaji Motors,
New Delhi by issuing a cheque for-Rs. 2,83, 192/- dated
_ 22. 7; 1991. It was also found that respondent No. 2, thereafter
by letter dated 10.3.1992; Informed the said Ms/. Tirupati Balaji
Motors, New Delhi that they were constrained to cancel the
D order of the said vehicle due to non-delivery. thereof and
·demanded back the amount of Rs. 2,83, 1921- along with interest !
at the rate of 22% per annum for the period from 22.7.1991 to
29.2.1992. It t~anspires from the original delivery receipt that
the said vehicleI was delivered to respondent No. 2 on behalf
E of the appellant on 15.4.1992 and, therefore, it was concluded
that there was an agreement between respondent No. 2 and
the appellant to tinter into a hire purchase agreement in respect ,
to the said vehi .le. On enquiry made, the Custodian found the '
said vehicle to be in a dilapidated and rusty condition parked -l

F at S-25, Panchasheel Park, New Delhi-110001. On further
enquiry being made by the Custodian, it was found that the
registration nurnber found on the body of the vehicle was a fake
one and, in fact,' the same belonged to a Maruti Van registered.

6. Consequent thereto and pursuant to the statutory
G responsibility placed on the Custodian under the Act; the
•
Custodian filed an application before the Special Judge. The
-,
appellant was served. The Special Court thereafter considered
the said application. In the light of the submissions made on

H
behalf of both the parties and on consideration of the records,
,,,.
PREMANAND R. SHENOY v. CUSTODIAN AND ORS. 607
[DR.. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.J
it was found. that the entire transaction was authorised by the A
appellant and that he was all along awar~ of the aforesaid
tr~nsaction. Consequently, the application filed by the
Custodian was allowed and the appellant was directed to pay
to the Custodian the amount of Rs. 2,83,192/- with interest. at
the rate of 18% per annum from 22.7:1991. The amount of Rs. B
10,00,000/- was also deposited by the appellant during the
course of hearing of the aforesaid application and the amount
was direeted to adjusted from the said deposit.

7. Being aggrieved by the afo~esaid order passed by the
Special Court, the present appeal is filed.
c
8. We have heard the learned· counsel appearing for the
appellant as also the learned c_ounsel appearing fo·r the
respondents. We hav,e also perused the documents placed on
the records. D

9. The father of the· appellant, Who was the Chairman of
the notifi~d party, expired on 2.2.1992. Order for ·purchase of
the aforesaid vehicle was placed on 22. 7.1991. Office note of
the said debt. of Mis. Fair Growth Financial Services Limited
E
is annexed as Annexure R-2 with paper book and relevant
portion thereof reads as follows : ·

"1.0. Chairman has verbally sanctioned H.P. Finance for
Mr. Premanand R Shenoy Ms. Fairgrowth Agencies Ltd.
for a Mahindra Jeep. The cost of the said good is. F
RS.2,83, 192, to be supplied by Mis Tirupati Balaji Motors.

2.0. The payment for the vehicle is to be made to day (prior
to the announcement of the Budget on 24.~.91). hence
} after taking approval from ML Rajagopalan, Vice · G
President, on phone a cheque for the said amount is being
released today."

10. The aforesaid office note clearly indicates that the hire
purchase finance was made available ·ta the appellant by
H
608 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2009] 9 S.C.R.

A respondent No. 2 and the said amount for purchase of the said
Mahindra Jeep vehicle was sanctioned by the Chairman verbaUy
as stated in paragraph 1.0 of the office note mentioned
hereinabove. The cost of the said vehicle is Rs. 2,83, 192/-. It
is also mentioned in that note that payment for the said vehicle
B was to be made on 22.7.1991 and, therefore, after taking
approval of Mr. Rajagopalan, Vice President, a cheque for the
said amount was released. There is another letter available on
record annexed as Annexure R-3 which is dated 11.1.1992.
The said letter refers to the subject of the Mahindra Jeep to be
c sold to Mr. Premanand R. Shenoy, the appellant herein. In the
said letter, respondent No. 2 has made reference to proforma
invoice No. 791 dated 22.7.199t intimating further that the
cheque dated 22. 7 .1991 for Rs. 2,83, 192/- was sent for supply
of the jeep which was subject to a hire purchase agreement
between respondent No. 2 and the appellant. Reference is
0
already made to letter dated 12.4.1992 which again relates to
the delivery of the aforesaid. vehicle. The said letter is also
addressed to the appellant at the address of respondent No.
2 intimating that the aforesaid jeep is lying reaay for the last
five months and is. also duly registered temporarily in the.name
E of the appellant.

.11. It is an admitted position that subsequent thereto the ·
jeep was delivereq along with Temporary Registration No. HRU
4413 AT which is annexed as Annexure R-4. The name of the
F appellant appears against the name of the registered owner.
In fact, the aforesaid documents were sent by the appellant
himself to respondent No. 1· (the Custodian) under his letter
dated 4.8.1998 informing the Custodian that one .Mahindra
Jeep is parked at S-25, Panchasheel Park, New Delhi-110001.
G · The appellant, in that letter, had also stated that the ex-officials
of Mis. Fair Growth Finandai Sen/ices Limited informed him
that the vehicle was supposed to be under hire purchase/lease
agreement.

12. On appreciation of the aforesaid documents, the
H
PREMANAND R. SHENOY v. CUSTODIAN AND ORS. 609
[DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA. J.]

Custodian has come to a finding and conclusion thlat the A
·appellant, being a Director of the Mis. Fair Growth Financial
Services Limited of which his father was Chairmah and
Managing Director, was aware that the jeep had been
purchased in his name for which consideration was paid by the
Mis. Fair Growth Financial Services Limited. The premi$es S- B
25, Panchasheel Park, New Delhi-110001 was previously
¥
occupied by the father of the appellant. Having found all 'those
facts against the appellant, it was concluded that the vehicle in
question was purchased by the appellant through respondent
No. 2 on hire purchase agreement and, therefore, the amount c
was paid by respondent No. 2. Therefore, the vehicle was
registered in the name of the appellant. When the' temporary
registration of the vehicle was taken on 3.3.1992, the delivery
of the vehicle was taken by the notified party. The appellant was
the Director of the notified party. Consequent thereto, a
\ D
categorical finding was recorded •'lat the aforesaid transaction
was known and authorised by the appellant who was aware that
the vehicle was ordered by his father on his behalf for which
consideration was paid by the notified party. In that view of the
matter, the direction was issued for payment of the amount in
accordance with the provisions of the aforesaid Act. E

13. Learned Counsel appearing for the appellant, however,
' submitted that the aforesaid conclusions arrived at by the
Special c.ourt are perverse for when the order was placed for
purchase of the vehicle and when the payment was made, that F
is, on 22. 7.1991, he was nowhere connected with the business
of respondent No. 2. Therefore, the appellant had no knowledge
of the aforesaid transaction. This submission, however, in our
considered opinion, is misplaced in view of the findings ';hd
conclusions recorded hereinbefore on the basis of t e G
documents on record.

14. All those documents which were sent by the appellant
himself to the Custodian clearly indicate that the vehicle was
ordered in the name of the appellant. Order for purchase of the
H
610 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009) 9 S.C.R.

A vehicle was placed in the name of the appellant. Respondent
No. 2 has also sanctioned hire purchase finance for the
appellant who is the Chairman of M/s. Fair Growth Financial ·
Services Limited for a Mahindra Jeep. The name of the >
appellant was also registered as a registered owner in the
B temporary registration. Therefore, despite the dispute raised by
the appellant, it is clear that the appellant was the ow~er of the
vehicle in question and that it was purchased on hire purchase
and that it was financed by respondent No. 2 after the amount
was sanctioned by the father of the appellant who was the
c. Chairman towards hire purchase finance for the appellant. The
vehicle was delivered on 15.4.1992 when he was the Director
and In-charge of respondent No. 2 which is quite evident from
the delivery note referred to hereinbefore. Therefore, the nexus
between the purchase of the vehicle and the involvement of the
appellant in the deal is clearly established.
0
15. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we find no infirmity
in the order passed by the Special Court. We uphold the said
order but in the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case
and taking into consideration the fact that the appellant himself
E informed the Custodian about the aforesaid vehicle we modify
the order for payment of interest at the rate of 18% per annum
by directing that interest on the aforesaid amount of Rs.
2,83, 192/- shall be paid at the rate of 9% per annum from
22.7.1991 to 29.2.1992. An amount of Rs. t0,00,000/- is
F already lying deposited in terms of order passed which was
deposited by respondent No. 1. The amount payable by the
appellant, therefore, shall now be calculated in terms of this
order and the said amount shall be adjusted out of the amount
lying deposited. So far paragraph No. 21 of the judgment and
G order of the Special Court is concerned, we find no infirmity in
the same and, therefore, the same is upheld.

16. In terms of the aforesaid order, this appeal is disposed
of with modification .with regard to the interest payable.

H D.G. Appeal disposed of.