PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK AND ORS.versusASHWINI KUMAR TANEJA

               PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK AND ORS.                               A
                                    v.
                     ASHWINI KUMAR TANEJA

                           AUGUST 16, 2004

            [ARIJIT PASAYAT AND C.K. THAKKER, JJ.]                         B

     Service Law:

     Punjab National Bank Scheme for Employment of the Dependents of
the Employee who dies while in the service of the Bank Service on C
Compassionate Grounds:

      Compassionate appointment-Conditions to be fulfilled-Financial
 hardship-Deceased employee's heirs received retrial benefits-But the
said employee's son denied compassionate appointment as there was no
financial hardship to his family in view ofthe retrial benefits-Validity of- D
Held: Appointment on compassionate ground is not a source ofrecruitment
 but merely an exception to making appointments on open invitation of
 application on benefits-The object is to enable the family to get over
sudden financial crisis-The Scheme required amount received as retrial
 merits to be taken into account while determining the financial hardship- E
 Hence, retrial benefits received by the heirs of the deceased employee to
 be considered-Therefore, compassionate appointment rightly denied

      The respondent's father died while working as a class IV employee
of the appellant-Bank. The respondent made an application for F
employment on compassionate grounds. This application was rejected
by the appellant on the ground that there was no financial hardship
to the family of the deceased since the heirs of the family had received
substantial amounts as retrial benefits.

     The High Court allowed the respondent's writ petition with the G
direction to consider the case of the respondent for compassionate
appointment: The High Court further held that the retrial benefits
received by the heirs of the deceased employee could not be made a
ground for rejecting the application for compassionate appointment.
Hence the appeak,                                                   H
                                   597
    598                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A         Allowing the appeal, the Court

       HELD: I. Appointment should be made strictly on the basis of
  open invitation of applications and merit. The appointment on
  compassionate ground is not another source of recruitment but merely
B an exception to the aforesaid requirement taking into consideration the
  fact of the death of the employee while in service leaving his family
  without any means of livelihood. The object is to enable the family to
  get over sudden financial crisis. [600-B-C)

          Umesh Kumar Nagpal v. State of Haryana, (1994] 4 SCC 138, relied
C on.
         State ofHaryana v. Rani Devi, JT (1996] 6 SCC G46; Life Insurance
    Corporation of India v. Asha Ramchhandra Ambekar, (1994) 2 SCC 718;
    Smt. Sushma Gosain v. Union of India, [1989) 4 SCC 468; Phoolwati v.
D   Union of India, [1991] Supp. 2 SCC 689; Union of India & Ors. v.
    Bhagwan Singh, (1995) 6 SCC 476; Director of Education (Secondary)
    v. Pushpendra Kumar, [1998) 5 SCC 192; State of U.P. v. Paras Nath,
    [1998] 2 SCC 412; State of Manipur v. Md. Rajodin, [2003] 7 SCC Sll;
    State of Haryana v. Ankur Gupta, [2003] 7 SCC 704; Haryana State
    Electricity Board v. Naresh Tanwar, [1996[ 8 SCC 23 and Haryana State
E   Electricity Board v. Hakim Singh, (1997] 8 sec 85, referred to.

       2. The High Court has taken the view that the retrial benefits are
  not to be taken into consideration while dealing with a prayer for
  compassionate appointment. This view is contrary to what has been
F held in Kunti Tiwary 's case. In the instant case, there was a Scheme
  called 'Punjab National Bank Scheme for Employment of the
  Dependents of the Employee who dies while in the service of the Bank
  Service on Compassionate Grounds' is operating in the appellant-
  Bank. The said Scheme provides for consideration of compassionate
G appointment in case the family is without sufficient means of livelihood
  specifically keeping in view the following viz; family pension, gratuity,
  provident fund, etc. Therefore, the view taken by the High Court
  cannot be sustained. (602-D-H; 603-A-B; 603-E-F)

          The General Manager (D & P.B.) v. Kunti Tiwari, [2004] 7 SCC 271,
H relied on.
      PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK v. A.K TANEJA [PASAYAT, J.]                 599

     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5256 of A
2004.

    From the Judgment and Order dated 16.10.2003 of the Rajasthan
High Court in D.B.C.S. A. No. 639 of 2003.

     Mukul Rohtagi, Dhruv Mehta, Ms. Shalini Gupta and Mohit Choudhary B
for Mis. K.L. Mehta and Co. for the Appellants.

     K.S. Bhati for the Respondent.

     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                                             c
     ARIJIT P ASAYAT, J.: Leave granted.

       Punjab National_ Bank, (hereinafter referred to as the 'employer')
calls in question legality of the judgment by a Division Bench of the
Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur affirming the order passed by learned D
Single Judge holding that the respondent herein is entitled to be appointed
on compassionate grounds.

     Backgrounds facts in a nutshell are as follows:-

      Respondent's father died on 3.12.1999 while working as a class IV E
employee of the employer-Bank leaving behind him, his mother-widow,
two sons and one daughter. On 5.1.2000, the widow of the deceased-
employee made a representation to the Bank on behalf of her elder son,
(respondent herein) for employment on compassionate grounds. The
request was turned down on 10.3.2000 and 17.3.2000 on the ground that F
there was no financial hardship to the family of the deceased and they had
re_ceived substantial amounts after the death of the respondent's father. A
writ petition was filed by the respondent before the Rajasthan High Court.
By order dated 19th August, 2003, the Writ Petition was allowed with a
direction to forthwith consider the case of respondent herein for G
compassionate appointment and provide him suitable job. The order was
challenged in Letters Patent Appeal. By the impugned judgment the same
was dismissed. It was held that retiral benefits received by the heirs of the
deceased employee cannot be made a ground for rejecting application for
compassionate appointment.                                                    H
    600                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A       In support of the appeal learned counsel for the appellants submitted
  that the approach of the High Court is erroneous. When the object of
  compassionate appointment is kept in view with reference to the amounts
  received by the heirs of the deceased-employee, it was submitted that there
  was no financial hardship. Learned counsel for the respondent submitted
B that the amounts like gratuity, provident fund etc. have no relevance for
  determining the question whether compassionate appointment is to be
  made. It is to be seen that the appointment on compassionate ground is
  not a source of recruitment but merely an exception to the requirement
  regarding appointments being made on open invitation of application on
  merits. Basic intention is that on the death of the employee concerned his
C family is not deprived of the means of livelihood. The object is to enable
  the family to get over sudden financial crises.

           As was observed in State of Haryana and Ors. v. Rani Devi & Anr.,
    JT (1996) 6 sec 646, it need not be pointed out that the claim of person
D   concerned for appointment on compassionate ground is based on the
    premises that he was dependant on the deceased employee. Strictly this
    claim cannot be upheld on the touchstone of Articles 14 or 16 of the
    Constitution of India. However, such claim is considered as reasonable
    and permissible on the basis of sudden crisis occurring in the family of such
E   employee who has served the State and dies while in service. That is why
    it is necessary for the authorities to frame rules, regulations or to issue such
    administrative orders which can stand the test of Articles 14 and 16.
    Appointment on compassionate ground cannot be claimed as a matter of
    right. Die-in harness scheme cannot be made applicable to all types of posts
F   irrespective of the nature of service rendered by the deceased employee.
    In Rani Devi's case (supra) it was held that scheme regarding appointment
    on compassionate ground if extended to all types of casual or ad hoc
    employees including those who worked as apprentices cannot be justified
    on constitutional grounds. In Life Insurance Corporation of India v. Asha
    Ramchhandra Arnbekar (Mrs.) and Anr., [1994] 2 SCC 718 it was pointed
G   out that High Courts and Administrative Tribunals cannot confer benediction
    impelled by sympathetic considerations to make appointments on
    compassionate grounds when the regulations framed in respect thereof do
    not cover and contemplates such appointments. It was noted in Umesh
    Kumar Nagpal v. State of Haryana and Ors., [1994] 4 SCC 138 that as
H   a rule in public service appointment should be made strictly on the basis
      PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK v. A.K TANEJA [PASAYAT, J.]                  601

of open invitation . of applications and merit. The appointment on A
compassionate ground is not another source of recruitment but merely an
exception to the aforesaid requirement taking into consideration the fact
of the death of employee while in service leaving his family without any
means of livelihood. In such cases the object is to enable the family to
get over sudden financial crisis. But such appointments on compassionate B
ground have to .be made in accordance with the rules, regulations or
administrative instructions taking into consideration the financial condition
of the family of the deceased.

      In Smt. Sushma Gosain and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors., (1989]
4 sec 468 it was observed that in all claims of appointment on compassionate  c
grounds, there should not be any delay in appointment. The purpose of
providing appointment on compassionate ground is to mitigate the hardship
due to death of the bread-earner in the family. Such appointments should,
therefore, be provided immediately to redeem the family in distress. The
fact that the ward was a minor at the time of death of his father is no ground, D
unless the scheme itself envisage specifically otherwise, to state that as and
when such minor becomes a major he can be appointed without any time
consciousness or limit. The above view was re-iterated in Phoolwati (Smt.)
v. Union of India and Ors., (1991] Supp. 2 SCC 689 and Union of India
and Ors. v. Bhagwan Singh, [1995] 6 sec 476. In Director of Education E
(Secondary) and Anr. v. Pushpendra Kumar and Ors., [1998] 5 SCC 192;
it was observed that in matter of compassionate appointment there cannot
be insistence for a particular post. Out of purely humanitarian consideration
and having regard to the fact that unless some source of livelihood is
provided the family would not be able to make both ends meet, provisions F
are made for giving appointment to one of the dependants of the deceased
who may be eligible for appointment. Care has, however; to be taken that
provision for ground of compassionate employment which is in the nature
of an exception to the general provisions does not unduly interfere with
the right of those other persons who are eligible for appointment to seek
appointment against the post which would have been available, but for the G
provision enabling appointment being made on compassionate grounds of
the dependant of the deceased employee. As it is in the nature of exception
to the general provisions it cannot substitute the provision to which it is
an exception and thereby nullify the main provision by taking away
completely the right conferred by the main provision.                           H
    602                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A          In State of U.P. and Ors. v. Paras Nath, [1998] 2 sec 412 it was
    held that the purpose of providing employment to the dependant of a
    government servant dying in harness in preference to anybody else is to
    mitigate hardship caused to the family of the deceased on account of his
    unexpected death while in service. To alleviate the distress of the family,
B   such appointments are permissible on compassionate grounds provided
    there are Rules providing for such appointments. None of these
    considerations can operate when the application is made after a long period
    of time. In that case also the d~lay was 17 years.

          These aspects were highlighted in State ofManipur v. Md. Rajaoqin,
C [2003] 7 SCC 511, State ofHaryana & Anr. v. Ankur Gupta, [2003] 7 SCC
    704), Haryana State Electricity Board v. Naresh Tanwar, [1996] 8 SCC
    23) and Haryana State Electricity Board v. Hakim Singh, [1997] (8) SCC
    85).

D          One other thing which needs to be considered is whether the retiral
    benefits are to be taken into consideration while dealing with prayer for
    compassionate appointment. The High Court was of the view that the same
    was not to be taken into consideration. The view is contrary to what has
    been held recently in The General Manager (D&P.B.) & Ors. v. Kunti
    Tiwary & Anr. (Civil Appeal 126 of2004 disposed of on 5.1.2004). It was
E   categorically held that the amounts have to be taken into consideration. In
    the instant case, there was a scheme called 'Scheme for Employment of
    the Dependants of the Employee who die while in the service of the Bank
    Service on Compassionate Grounds' (in short the 'Scheme') operating in
    the appellant no. 1 Bank which categorically provides as follows :
F
          "FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE FAMILY

                  The dependents of an employee dying in harness may be
             considered for compassionate appointment provided the family is
             without sufficient means of livelihood, specifically keeping in
G            view the following:

             (a)   Family pension;

             (b)   Gratuity amount received;

H            (c)   Employee's/ Employer's contribution to PF;
         PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK v. A.K TANEJA [PASAYAT, J.]               603

          (d)   Any compensation paid by the bank or its Welfare Fund;         A
          (e)   Proceeds ofLIC policy and other investments of the deceased
                employee;

          (f)   Income for family from other sources;
                                                                               B
          (g)   Employment of other family members;

          (h)   Size of the family and liabilities, if any, etc."

                It is most respectfully submitted that the Board of Directors
          of the petitioner bank.had approved the abovesaid scheme, which C
          was based upon the guidelines circulated by Indian Bank
          Association to all the Public Sector Banks which in tum are based
          upon the law laid down by this Hon'ble Court in the case of
          Umesh Kumar Nagpal v. State ofHaryana & Ors. reported as
          1994 (4) sec 138. The Scheme after approval was circulated D
          vide PDCL 6/97 read with PDCL 11/99 dated 17.4.1999."

      Learned counsel for the respondent stated that in case of similarly
situated persons compassionate appointments have b~en made by the Bank.
But the appellants have justified the non-consideration of the respondent's
appointment on compassionate grounds on the ground that the other cases E
related to non-pensionable category and unlike the case of the respondent,
the other persons who were extended the benefits were not receiving any
pension.

     View taken by the learned Single Judge and affirmed by the Division F
Bench by the impugned judgment cannot be sustained and both the order
of the learned Single Judge and the judgment of the Division Bench are
accordingly set aside.

     Our judgment, however, will not stand in the way of the respondent's
case being considered sympathetically under any scheme or by any G
administrative decision in accordance with law.

     The appeal is allowed with no orders as to costs.

v.s.s.                                                       Appeal allowed.