RATTAN DEVversusPASAM DEVI

A                                    RATTAN DEV
                                            V.

                                     PASAM DEVI

                                SEPTEMBER 13, 2002

B                   [R.C. LAHOTI AND BRIJESH KUMAR, JJ.]


          Code of Civil Procedure, 1908:

           s. l 00-Second appeal-Substantial question of law-Suit for permanent
C   injunction-Special power of allorney and other witnesses for the plaintiff
    examined but not the plaintiff-Suit decreed-First appellate court drew adverse
    inference against plaintifffor not examining himself and dismissed the suit-
    High Court holding that findings arrived at by first appellate court were
    purely findings of fact and there did not arise any substantial question of
D   law-Held, first appellate court was bound to apply its mind to all evidence
    available on record along with the fact of non-examination of the plaintiff and
    then test legality of the findings of trial court-The manner in which the
    appeal has been disposed by first appellate court cannot be said to be
    satisfactory-Non-application of mind by appellate court to other material,
    though available, and consequent failure on its part to discharge its judicial
E    obligation did raise a question of law having a substantial impact on the
    rights ofparties, and, therefore, second appeal deserved to be heard on merits-
     However, since first appellate cow·/ failed in discharging its obligation-statutory
     and judicial, more so when it is a judgment of reversal it would meet ends of
    justice if first appeal itself is heard afresh-Order of High Court as also
F   judgment and decree offirst appellate court set aside-First appeal restored
     on file offirst appellate court for decision afresh.

          Jshwar Bhai C. Patel alias Bachu Bhai Patel v. Harihar Behera and
    Anr., [1999) 3 SCC 457, referred to.

G           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5838 of
    2002.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 26.4.200 I of the Himachal Pradesh
    High Court in R.S.A. No.174 of 200 I.

            Ravi Bakshi and Varinder Kumar Sharma for the Appellant.
H                                          394
                        RATTAN DEV v. PASAMDEVI                              395
      A.K. Nag, R.K. Bansal and Akshay Kr. Ghai for the Respondent.                  A
      The following Order of the Court was delivered:

      Leave granted

       A suit for issuance of permanent preventive m1unction filed by the            B
appellant herein was decreed by the Trial Court, The defendant preferred an
appeal. The First Appellate Court reversed the decree of the Trial Court and
directed the suit to be dismissed. The plaintiff preferred a second appeal
which has been dismissed in limine by the High Court forming an opinion
that the findings arrived at by the First Appellate Court were purely findings
of fact and no substantial question of law within the meaning of Section I 00        C
CPC arose for consideration.

        A perusal of the judgment of the First Appellate Court shows that the
plaintiff-appellant did not appear in the witness box although his special
power of attorney and other witnesses were examined by the plaintiff. The
 First Appellate Court influenced by the non-examination of the plaintiff drew       D
an adverse inference against him and directed the suit to be dismissed solely
on the ground of non-examination of the dismissed of the plaintiff. The
judgment of the First Appellate Court shows that other evidence, though
available on record, did not receive the attention of the First Appellate Court
at all.                                                                              E
        In our opinion, the First Appellate Court was bound to apply its mind
to all the evidence available on record and then test the legality of the findings
arrived at by the Trial Court. While doing so, the First Appellate Court could
have taken the factum of the non-examination of the plaintiff also into
consideration. The manner in which the appeal has been disposed of by the            F
First Appellate Court cannot be said to be satisfactory. Non-application of
mind by the Appellate Court to other material, though available, and
consequent failure of the Appellate Court to discharge its judicial obligation,
did raise a question of law having a substantial impact on the rights of the
parties, and therefore, the second appeal deserved to be heard on merits.
                                                                                     G
      Learned counsel for the respondent has placed reliance on Ishwar Bhai.
C. Patel alias Bachu Bhai Patel v. Harihar Behera & Anr., [1999] 3 SCC,
457 wherein this Court has emphasised that withholding of the plaintiff himself
from the witness box and thereby denying the defendant an opportunity for
cross- examination of himself results into an adverse inference being drawn          H
          396                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

    A against the plaintiff. That proposition of law is undoubtable. However, as we
          have already said, that is a fact to be kept in view and taken in to consideration
          by the Appellate Court while appreciating other oral and documentary evidence
          available on record. May be that from other evidence - oral and documentary-
          produced by plaintiff, or otherwise brought on record, the plaintiff has been
    B     able to discharge the 011us which lay on him, and, subject to the court forming
          that opinion, a mere abstention of plaintiff himself from the witness box may
          pale into insignificance.

                 In the facts and circumstances of this case remanding the matter to
          High Court for re-hearing would only prolong the life of litigation. As we are
    C     satisfied of the failure on the part of the First Appellate Court in discharging
          its obligation-statutory and judicial, more so when it is a judgment of reversal,
          it would meet the ends of justice if the first appeal itself is directed to be
          heard afresh.

            The appeal is allowed. The order of the High Court dismissing the
    D appeal in limine as also the judgment and decree of the First Appellate Court
      are set aside, The appeal shall stand restored on the file of the First Appellate
      Court which shall be heard and decided afresh, consistently with the
      observations made hereinabove and in accordance with law.

                 No order as to the costs.
c:::> E
          R.P.                                                            Appeal allowed.