Holding

Section 11(2) does not limit the exemption under Section 11(1); income applied to charitable purposes and accumulated income up to 25% of total income are exempt without the need to invest in government securities.

Summary

The S.R.M.M.CT.M. Tiruppani Trust, a charitable trust for temple repairs and related activities, resolved in 1963 to accumulate its income for ten years and filed Form 10 under Section 11(2) of the Income‑Tax Act. In the assessment year 1970‑71 it realised Rs 8 lakhs from an advance to a firm, which it used to purchase a building for a hospital, and earned additional income of Rs 1,64,210. The trust claimed exemption for the total amount under Section 11(1). The Income‑Tax Appellate Tribunal and the Madras High Court held that the Rs 8 lakhs was not exempt and that the balance could not be exempted because the trust had not invested the accumulated amount in government securities as required by Section 11(2). The Supreme Court held that Section 11(2) does not restrict the operation of Section 11(1); income applied to charitable purposes is exempt, and accumulated income up to 25% of total income (or Rs 10,000) is also exempt without the need to invest in government securities. Consequently, the trust was entitled to exemption for the entire Rs 8 lakhs and the balance income, and the appeal was allowed.

Issues considered

Whether the Rs 8 lakhs realised and used for a hospital building constitutes income for the purposes of Section 11(1) and is therefore exempt.
Whether compliance with the conditions of Section 11(2) (investment in government securities) is necessary for exemption of accumulated income under Section 11(1)(a).
Whether the balance income of Rs 1,64,210, which was not invested in government securities, can be exempted under Section 11(1)(a).

Legislation cited

Income Tax Act, 1961s. 11(1), s. 11(1)(a), s. 11(2)

Subjects

Income TaxSection 11Charitable TrustExemptionAccumulation of IncomeGovernment SecuritiesAssessment Year 1970-71Hospital Building

Judgment

,
S. RM. M.CT. M. TIRUPPANI TRUST A
v.
- 'f THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX

FEBRUARY 4, 1998

[MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR AND D.P. WADHWA, JJ.] B
~-
Income Tax Act. 1961 :

Sll(J)(a)-lncome from property held for charitable or religious
purposes-Resolution by trustees to accumulate income of trust for 10 years
cominencing from April 1961 for charitable purposes-Form JO as required
c
u/s 11 (2) filed-During assessment year J970-7 J Rs. 8 lakhs realised from
a firm to which the amount was advanced and invested by trust in building
a hospital-Trust also earned other income of Rs. l,64,2 JO in that assessment
---""< year-Exemption claimed u/s 11 (J) in respect of both the amounts-High
' Court holding that sum of Rs. 8 lakhs was an asset acquired in realisation D
-f
...._ of an outstanding due and could not be included in income of assessee for
purpose of s. 11(1)-Also, since balance income of Rs. J,64210 was not
invested by assessee in accordance with declaration filed u/s ! I (2), assessee
could not claim exemption in respect thereof-Held, assessee is entitled to
claim benefit u/s 11 (l)(a).
E
Additional Commissioner of Income-Tax & Anr. v. A.l.N. Rao
Charitable Trust, (1995) 216 ITR 697, relied on.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION': Civil Appeal No. 1699 of
1984. F
,..
1 ·From the Judgment and Order dated 13.11. 79 of the Madras High-Court
in S.C.P. No. 44/80 in T.C. No. 993 of 1977.

Aman Hingorani, for Hingorani & Associates for the Appellant.

Harish Chandra and C.V.S. Rao for B.K. Prasad for the Respondent. G

' y The following Judgment of the Court was delivered :

This appeal pertains to assessment year 1970-71. The following question
was refe.rred to the High Court of Judicature at Madras by the Income-Tax
Appellate Tribunal under Section 256(1) of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 :
H
653
654 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1998) l S.C.R.

A "Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the
income of the assessee is exempt from tax under Section 11 of the Y-
Income-Tax Act for the assessment year 1970-71 ?"

The assessee is a Charitable Trust for carrying out Thiruppani or repairs
to old Hindu temples, building new ones, giving aid to or establishing hostels,
B educational and industrial institutions etc. It is not in dispute that the objects
of the Trust are charitable. On March I, 1963, the trustee resolved that the
income of the Trust should be. accumulated for a period of ten years
commencing from April 13, 1961 for the various charitable purposes which are
set out in the Resolution. The assessee accordingly filed Form I0 with the
Income-Tax Officer as required under Section 11(2) of the Income-Tax Act,
C 1961. The income was accordingly being accumulated every year and invested
in Government securities.

For the year ending April 12, 1970 which is the accounting year relevant
to assessment year 1970-71, the amount of Rs. 7,82,792.44 which was shown
in the earlier balance sheet (as on 1.4.1969} as advance to S. RM. M. CT. M.
D Firm, Rangoon on the "Assets" side was substituted by "Building for Rs. 8
lakhs" on the Assets side. It was the case of the assessee that during the Jtr
assessment year 1970-71, the advance to the said firm at Rangoon was in
effect realised and invested in a building for the purpose of starting a hospital.
The Trust had also earned during that assessment year other income amounting
to Rs. I, 64,210.03.
E The assessee claimed exemption for the total income of Rs. 8 lakhs plus
Rs. 1,64,210.03 under Section 11(1) of the Income-Tax Act, 1961. The Income-
Tax Appellate Tribunal by a majority of 2 : I held that the sum of Rs. 8 lakhs
was to be treated as income of the assessee for the purposes of Section 11.
The Tribunal gave the benefit of Section 11 (I) to the assessee for the
assessment year 1970-71 in respect of the entire income consisting of Rs. 8
· F lakhs plus Rs. 1,64,210.03. On a Reference to the High Court, the High Court
has held that the sum of Rs. 8 lakhs was an asset acquired in realisation of
an outstanding due and hence, sum of Rs. 8 lakhs cannot be included in the
income of the assessee for the purposes of Section 11 (I). Since the balance
income of Rs. 1,64,210.03 was not invested by the assessee in accordance
with the declaration filed by the assessee under Section 11 (2), the assessee
G could not'clai.m exemption from tax in respect of Rs. 1,64,210.03.
The material part of Section 11, at the relevant time, was as follows:
"11. Income from property held for charitable or religious purposes:
(I) Subject to the provisions of Sections 60 to 63, the following
income shall not be included in the total income of the previous year
H of the person in receipt of the income-
...

S. RM. M.CT. M. T!RUPPANI v. C.I.T. 655
(a) income derived from property held under trust wholly for charitable A
or religious purposes, to the extent to which such income is applied
to such purposes in India; and, where any such income is accumulated
for application to such purposes in India, to the extent to which the
income so accumulated is not in excess of twenty-five per cent of the
income from the property or rupees ten thousand, whichever is higher;
B
(b) ......................................

(c) ..................................... .

(2) Where the persons in receipt of the income have complied with the
following conditions, the restriction specified in clause (a) or clause
(b) of sub-section (!),as respects accumulation or setting apart shall C
not apply for the period during which the said conditions remain
complied with-

(a) such persons have, by notice in writing given to the Income-tax
Officer in the prescribed manner, specified the purpose for which the
income is being accumulated or set apart and the period for which D
income is to be accumulated or set apart, which shall in no case
exceed ten years;

(b) the money so accumulated or set apart is invested in any
Government security as defined in clause (2) of Section 2 of the Public
Debt Act, 1944 (18 of 1944), or in any other security which may be E
approved by the Central Government in this behalf.

(3) ........ ,................................ .

(4) .......................................... "

Under Section l l(l)(a), income derived from property held under Trust F
for charity, to the extent that such income is applied for charitable or religious
purposes will be exempt from income-tax. Where the income or the· entire
income is not so spent, but is accumulated, it wiH be exempt to the extent of
25% of its total income or Rs. I 0,000, whichever is higher. Under Section 11 (2),
if the trust desires to accumulate more than 25% of its income and wants to
claim exemption from i~come-tax, it has to comply With the conditions which G
r are laid down in Section I 1(2)(a) & (b). The first condition is that a notice in
writing should be given to the Income-Tax Officer in the prescribed manner
specifying the purpose for which the income is being accumulated and the
period for which the income is to be accumulated. The period should not
exceed ten years. Rule 17 of the Income-Tax Rules I 962 prescribes that the H
"
656 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] 1 S.C.R.

A notice which is required to be given under Section 11 (2)(a) should be in Form
No.I 0. The second condition is that the amount so accumulated has to be
invested in any Government security as specified in Section I 1(2)(b). The
assessee in the present case had given notice in 1963 in Form No. I 0 setting
out the purposes for which the accumulation was being made and the period,
B which was I 0 years. Before the expiry of this period, the assessee utilised a
sum of Rs.8 lakhs in accounting year relevant to Assessment Year 1970-71,
. in purchasing a building meant for a hospital instead of investing the amount
in Government securities. According to the department, because of this
investment which constitutes a breach of the conditions under Section 11 (2),
the assessee cannot claim any benefit of exemption under Section 11 (I).
c
Before we consider this submission, we would like to make it clear that
the department has not addressed to us any argument on the question
whether Rs. 8 lakhs constitute the income of the assessee for assessment year
1970-71 or not. Before the Income-Tax Appellate Tribunal, elaborate arguments
D had been advanced on this' issue, and the two members of the Tribunal
differed, necessitating a reference to a third member. The High Court did not
accept the majority view that the amount should be treated as income for the
purpose of Section 11. Mr. Harisb Chandra, learned counsel appearing for the
Department bas, however, stated before us that the su·m of Rs. 8 lakbs does
constitute the income of the assessee- Trust. But this income was required to
E be invested in Government securities in view of the declaration filed by the
assessee under Section 11(2). Since the amount is not so invested, the benefit
of Section 11 (I) cannot be extended to the assessee. This is the only
submission we have to consider.

F A mere look at Section 11 (I) and 11 (2) is sufficient to dispel this
argument. Under Section 11(1), every Charitable or Religious Trust, irrespective
of whether it has filed a declaration under Section 11 (2) or not, is entitled to
deduction of certain income from its total income of.the previous year. The
income so exempt is the income which is applied by the Charitable or Religious
Trust to its charitable or religious purposes in India. If the entire income is
G so applied, the entire income would be exempted. If the entire income is not
applied but some income is accumulated by such a Trust, then also under
Section l l(l)(a), such accumulated income to the extent of25% of the total
income (or Rs. 10,000, whichever is higher) would be exempted form income-
tax. Sectionll(2), in turn, provides that the restriction which is specified in
H clause (a) of sub-section (I) as regards accumulation, shall not apply if the
S. RM. M.CT. M. TIRUPPANI v. C.l.T. 657

assessee gives notice as prescribed under Section ll(2)(a) and invests the A
amount accumulated in Government securities as per Section l 1(2)(b). The
restriction specified in clause (a)of sub-section (1) is clearly the restriction of
25% of the accumulated income (or Rs, 10,000, whichever is higher) being
exempt. If more than 25% (or Rs. 10,000) is to be exempted tl1en the assessee
has to comply with the conditions prescribed under Section 11(2). In the case B
~ of Additional Commissioner ofIncome-Tax & Anr., v. A.L.N Rao Charitable
Trust reported in, (1995) 216 ITR 697, this Court considered the provisions
of Section 1 l(I)(a) in the light of Section 11(2) and held that Section 11(2)
dose not in any manner restrict the operation of Section 11 (1 ). The accumulated
income which is exempt under Section l l(l)(a) need not be invested in C
Government securities. It is only in respect of any additional accumulated
income beyond 25% that, if the assessee wants exemption of this additional
accumulated income also, the assessee is required to invest the additional
accumulated income in the manner laid down in Section 11 (2) after following
tlle procedure laid down therein.
D
In tlle present case, the assessee is not claiming any benefit under
Section 11 (2) as it cannot; because in respect of this assessment year, the
assessee has not complied witll tlle conditions laid down in Section 11 (2). The
assessee, however, is entitled to claim tlle benefit of Section ll(l)(a). In tlle
present case, tlle assessee has applied Rs. 8 lakhs for charitable purposes in E
India by purchasing a building which is to be utilised as a hospital. This
income, therefore, is entitled to an exemption under Section 11(1). In addition,
-under Section l l(l)(a), the assessee can accumulate 25% of its tetal income
pertaining to tlle relevant assessment year and claim exemption in respect
thereof. Section l l(l)(a) does not require investment of this limited
accumulation in Government securities. The balance income of Rs. 1,64,21 O.03 F
constitutes less tllan 25% of the income for assessment year 1970-71. Therefore,
the assessee is entitled to accumulate this income and claim exemption from
income-tax under Section l l(l)(a).

In the premises, the question which was referred to the High Court, is G
required to be answered in tl1e affirmative and in favour of the assessee.

The appeal is accordingly allowed witll costs.

RP. Appeal allowed.