SARDARA SINGH AND ORS. ETCversusSTATE OF PUNJAB AND ORS

A                    SARDARA SINGH AND ORS. ETC.
                                 v.
                      STATE OF PUNJAB AND ORS.

                             SEPTEMBER 17, 1991

B               (M.M. PUNCHHI AND K. RAMASWAMY, JJ.J


         Service Law.;
        •The Punjab Revenue Patwari Class Ill Service Rules, 1963: Rules
  2(a),4(1),7: Notification dated 26.8.1986-Patwaris-ad-hoc appointments           _\.---
C --Direction by Court to appoint regu,lar Patwaris within stipulated
  period--Service Selection .Board not in existence-Constitution of District
  Committees-Nomination of members by viTtue of their offices--Transfer of
  member before selection-:-Successor in office participated in se/ection-
  Selections niade on the basis of viva voce only-Validity of
D        In a writ petition decided by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana,
  it allowed the ad-hoc appointments made by the Government of Punjab to
  the posts of Patwaris, to continue for six months from the date of the
  judgment and directed the Government to make regular appointment of
  Patwaris within that period. Since the Service Selection Board, Punjab
E was not constituted at the relevant time, the Government of Punjab by a
  Notification dated 26.8.86 amended Rule- 2(a) of the Punjab Revenue._
   Patwari Class III Services Rules, 1963, and empowered the State
  Government to authorise "other authorities" to make recruitment to the
  service. Accordingly, the Government constituted a selection committee
  for each district. The District Committee of Patiala consisted of the Dy.
F Commissioner, Patiala as Chairman, and District Revenue Officer, the
   District Sainik Welfare Officer and the District Social Welfare Officer
   (Scheduled Caste) as its Members. The pending names of the candidates
   before the Service Selection Board were sent to the Committee for
  selection. The District Collector also invited applications from children
G affected by the riots at-Delhi, terrorists affected families in Punjab and the
  like special categories. By the date of the interview the District Revenue
  Officer was transferred and his successor participated in the Selection.

          The selections were challenged by unsuccessful candidates in several
    writ petitions which were dismissed by the High Court. Aggrieved the
H   petitioners filed appeals before this Court by special leave.
                                         152
                                   SARDARA SINGH       v.   STATE                     153

                   It was contended on behalf of the appellants that the $election was A
--.A         bad because: the Committee was not properly constituted; the District
             Collector was not competent to invite applications afresh; written test was
             abandoned and only oral interviews were conducted; no proper
             opportunity was given to appellants in the interview inasmuch as 821
             candidates were interviewed in 15 hours. It was also prayed that since the B
             appellants had meanwhile become overage, the Government should be
             directed to relax their age and to give appointments to them.

 ---.;..._         Dismissing the appeals, this Courts,

                   HELD 1.1 On the transfer of the member having been nominated C
             by virtue of his office, the incumbent in office was entitled to participate in
             the selection of the candidates. The committee constituted was properly
             composed of the representatives enumerated therein, and the selection of
             the candidates, therefore, was legal and valid. [pp. 155 F-G; 156-A]

                   1.i Although the representation of the Scheduled Castes need be by D
             an officer belonging to Scheduled Caste, and the District Social 'Welfare
             Officer (Scheduled Caste), as required should be an officer belonging to
             the members of the· Scheduled Castes, yet it is not uncommon that the
             Social Welfare Officer may be an officer other than one from the
             Scheduled Castes. [p. 155 G,H]                                            E
                    2. If appiications from candidates are invited and they are called for
             interview though under a mistaken compliance on wrong impression, the
             selection of the candidates, so applying, does not become illegal. [p.156 DJ

                   3. Normally it may be desirable to conduct written test and in F
             particular hand-writing that which is vital for a Patwari whose primary
             dufy is to record clearly entries in revenue records followed by oral
             interview. The rules did not mandate to_ have both. Options were given
             either to conduct written test or viva voce or both and the committee
             adopted viva voce as a method to select the candidates which could not be G
             said to be illegal. [p.157 D-E]

                    4. On an average three minutes were spent for each candidate for
             selection. Keeping in view the facts that educational· qualifications were
             apparent from the record, the candidates normally hailing ·from rural
             background had presumptively good knowledge of rural economy and                H
    lS4                SUPREME COURT REPORTS               (1991) SUPP. 1 S. C.R.

~ culture, .under the circumstances, much time need not be spent on each
   candidate for selection except asking some questions on general knowledge        )__.
 · and aptitude for work as Patwari etc. [p. 157 B-D]
                  :     !   ~   • •




          Ashok Yadav v.·State of Haryana, (1985) Suppl. 1 SCR 657, held-in·
    applicable.
B
           ~-The appellants had taken the chance for selection and they.Were
    not selected on the basis or comparative merits. Merely because they were
    cai'rying on the litigation, there could not be any justification to give       -~
    direction to the Government to consider their cases by relaxing the age
C   qualification for appointment as Patwari. (157 F-G]

            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos.3033-34
    of 1989.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 28.2.1989 of the Punjab
    Haryana High Court in C.W.P. No. 7W9of1987 (in L.P.A. No. 748/87) and
D   C.W.P. No. 7007of1987.

                                      WITH
           Special Leave Petition (C) Nos. 4483-4485of1989.

          · D.V. Sehgal, RD.Upadhyaya, Ashok Sharma, Nabhyawala, D.S.
E Tewatia and Ms. Madhu for the Appellants.
           Ms. B. Rana and N.S. Das Behl (for the State) for the respondents.

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

F         K. RAMASWAMY, J. Leave granted in Special Leave Petitions and
    heard alongwith the appeals.

         Common questions of facts and law arise in the appeals and hence
  are disposed of by a common judgment. It is not necessary to· restate the
  facts, preceding the decision of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana in
  Gurjit Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab & Ors. (WP No. 2374 of 1985).
G Suffice to state that the High Court in the said judgment, while allowing
  the ad-hoc appointments made by the Government of Punjab- to the posts            _..+
  of Patwaris under the Punjab Revenue Patwari Class III Service Rules,
  1963, for short 'the Rules' to continue for six months, directed the State
  Government to make regular appointments in accordance with the rules
  within the said period from the date of the judgment or else the ad-hoc
H arrangement would lapse. Pursuant thereto, since the Service Selection
             SARDARA SINGH      v.   SfATB [RAMASWAMY,J.)             155

 Board, Punjab was not constituted, the Government of Punjab by a A
.notification dated August 26, 1986 amended rule 2(a) and empowered the
 State Govt. to authorise "other authorities" to make recruitment to the
 service. Accordingly the Govt. constituted a Committee for each District,
 by proceeding dated May 27, 1986 to make selection. For the District
 Committee of Patiala, the Dy. Commissioner, Patiala was the Chairman,
 the District Revenue Officer, Patiala, District Sainik Welfare Officer and B
 District"Social Welfare Officer (Scheduled Caste) were nominated'·as
 members of the Committee. The pending names of the candidates before
 the S.S. Board were sent to the Committee for selection. The District
 Collector invited applications· from special· categories, namely, children
 effected by the riots at Delhi, terrorists effected families in Punjab, etc.
 and issued call letters to 1210 candidates for interview. By the date of C
 the interview Shri Piara Singh,. the District Revenue Officer was trans-
 ferred and his successor had participated in the selection. Out of 821
 candidates appearing for interview, 189 candidates were selected; the list
 was prepared in their order of merit; and the Distt. Collector appointed
 146 candidates and sent them for Patwari training and on their completion
 of it in a period of one year, they were appointed as Patwaris on probation. D
 The selections were challenged by· unsuccessful candidates in several writ
 petitions and by judgment dated February 28, 1989, the High Court dis-
 missed the L.P. Appeal and the Writ Petitions. On leave under Article
 136, the appeals arise from that batch.

        The first contention of the appellants that the Committee was not E
 properly constitute<! and, therefore, the selection of the candidates are
 invalid has no force. Under rule 4(1) of the rules, as per amended rule
.2(a) the authority authorised by the Govf. is entitled to make recruitment
 to the service of Patwaris. The Committee constituted consists of Dy.
 Commissioner as Chairman, the District Revenue Officer, Patiala, District
 Sainik Welfare Officer and District Social Welfare Officer (S.C.) as mem- F
 hers. Undoubtedly, at the time when the Committee was constituted,
 Piara Singh was the District Revenue Officer. On his transfer, his suc-
 cessor had participated in the selection. We have seen the notification.
 The Distt. Revenue Officer, Patiala was nominated in ~fficial capacity.
 Therefore, the member having been nominated by virtue of his office, the
 incumbent in office was, therefore, entitled to participate in the selection G
 of the .candidates. It is true that the representation of the scheduled castes
 need be by an officer belonging to Scheduled Caste. The District Social
 Welfare Officer (Scheduled Caste) as required should be an officer
 belonging to the members of the scheduled caste. It is not uncommon
 that the Social Welfare Officer may.be an officer other than one from the
 scheduled castes. But here in this case it is not the contention that the H
    156                SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [1991) SUPP. 1 S. C.R.

A District Social Welfare Officer was not a scheduled caste officer repre-
    senting the scheduled castes. Therefore, we find that the committee con-
    stituted was properly composed of the representatives enumerated therein.
    The composition of the committee and the selection of the candidates,
    therefore, are legal and valid.

B       It is next contended that the District Collector was not competent
  to invite applications afresh and selection of the candidates from out of
  those applicants is illegal. It is true that· he is bound by the instructions
  issued by the Government in Annexure 'D' wherein it was stated that since
  the number of applicants are quite large in number, it would not.be neces-
  sary to solicit candidate afresh from Employment Exchange or through
C public advertisement. But in paragraph 4 therein it was stated that priority
  categories listed in the proceeding dated April 24, 1986 will have to be
  given precedence over candidates from all other sources other than the
  regularisation of the existing ad-hoc Patwaris. It had given room to the
  District Collector to invite applications from those categories. Though it
  was a mistaken compliance on wrong impression, the selection of the can-
D didates, so applying does not become illegal. It was next contended .that·
  instead of calling the applkations by ·publication in the newspapers, only
  notice was put on the Notice Board of the Collector's office and some
  candidates submitted their applications in pursuance thereof and that is ·
  not a proper notification. Though we find that the procedure adopted by
  the Collector, in inviting applications is not ommendable, but the
E grievance would be voiced only by the persons who did not have the op-
  portunity to make applications within the prescribed period. But no such
  grievance could be raised by persons like the appellants. Under those ·
  circumstances, the procedure adopted, though irregular, does not vitiate
  the selection of candidates, ultimately made by the Committee.

F        It is next sought to raise a contention that none of the candidates
  from the priodty categories were selected and this was used only as a
  lever to invite applications from the candidates other than those, some of
  which were ultimately selected and it is irregular. We find no substance
  in it. That apart it is a factual position to be investigated and that no such
  plea was raised nor argued in the High Court. Therefore, we cannot per-
G mit the appellants to raise this contention for the first time in this Court.
             It is next contended that there was no proper opportunity given to
     the appellants in the interview. Only 15 hours were spent to interview 821
     candidates and the selection, therefore, is a farce. This contention also
     was not raised before the High Court, but raised in these appeals for the
H .. first time. In the counter filed in this court, it was refuted. It was stated
     that they had spent 35 hours in total at the rate of 7 hours per day. That
               SARDARA SINGH       v.   STATE [RAMASWAMY,J.J               157

 means they spent 5 days in selecting the candidates. The &election is for         A
 the Patwaris in the Class III service. The ratio in Ashok Yadav v. State
 of Haryana, [1985) Suppl. 1 SCR 657 has no application to .the facts
 in this case. Therein the selection was to. the Class I service of the State
 service and sufficient time was required to interview each candidate.. In
 this case, on calculation, we found that on an average three minutes were
 spent for each candidate for selection. Rule 7 of the rules provides the          B
 qualifications, namely, pass in the Matriculation or Higher Secondary Ex-
 amination; knowledge in Hindi and Punjabi upto the Middle Standard and
 good knowledge of rural economy and culture. The educational qualifica-
 tions are apparent from record and need no interview in this regard It
 could be seen that candidates normally hailing ·from rural backgrounds
 had presumptively good knowledge of rural economy and culture. There-             C
 fore, there is no need for special. emphasis to ascertain their knowledge
 of the rural economy or culture. Under those circumstances much time
 need not be spent on each candidate for selection except asking some
 questions on general knowledge and aptitude for work as Patwari etc.

        It is then contended. that the written test, conducted by the previous     D
 Service Selection Board, ·was abandoned and only oral interviews were
 conducted. The selection, therefore, is illegal. Normally it may be
 desirable to conduct written test and in particular hand writing that which
 is vital for a Patwari whose primary duty is to record clearly entries in
 revenue records followed by oral interview. The rules do not mandate
 to have both. Options were given either to conduct written test or viva           E
 voce or both. In this case the Committee adopted for viva voca as a
 method to select the candidates ~hich cannot be said to be ~egal.

          It is next contended that the appellants have now become over-aged
   and that they are 22 in all. Therefore, directions may be given to the
 . Government to relax their age qualification and given ·appointments to
   them. We find no justification to give such a directfon. Admittedly, the        F
   appellants have taken the chance for selection and they were not selected
   on the basis. of comparative merits. Therefore, merely because appellants
· are carrying on the litigation, there cannot be any justification to. give
   direction to the Govt. to consider their cases by relaxing the age qualifica-
   tion for appointment as Patwari. It is not in dispute that hundreds .of         G
   candidates who could not be selected would in that event seek similar
   relief. Under these circumstances we do not fmd any· cause to add to the
   selection and appointment of the candidates as Patwaris. The High Court,
  though for different reasons, has rightly dismissed the writ petitions. The·
   appeals are accordingly dismissed, but without costs.

 R.P.                                                      Appeals dismissed.