Holding

A civil‑court decree cannot be executed against a person who holds a valid certificate of ownership under the Act, and civil courts lack jurisdiction to decide matters reserved to the tribunal under Section 85.

Summary

The appellant, Sau. Saraswati Bai Trimabak Gaikwad, cultivated land that she had leased from Tarabai, who held a limited right to possess the land under a 1927 settlement deed. Although a consent decree had earlier restrained Tarabai from leasing the land, the appellant filed an application under Section 32‑O of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948, and the tribunal fixed a purchase price and issued a certificate of ownership in her favour. Respondents Damodhar D. Motiwale and others obtained a civil‑court decree declaring the appellant a trespasser and sought its execution. The Supreme Court examined whether a civil court decree could be executed when a certificate of ownership under the Act was in force and whether the civil court had jurisdiction over matters reserved to the tribunal. It held that the decree could not be executed so long as the certificate stands, because Section 85 bars civil courts from deciding questions of deemed tenancy and purchase rights that are within the tribunal's domain. Consequently, the appeal was allowed and the lower‑court orders were set aside.

Issues considered

Can a civil‑court decree be executed against a person who has obtained a certificate of ownership under the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948?
Does a civil court have jurisdiction to decide questions of deemed tenancy and purchase rights under the Act, or are such matters exclusively within the tribunal's jurisdiction under Section 85?
Is a lease created by a person possessing only a limited interest in land illegal under the Act?
Is the appellant barred from raising a claim as a deemed tenant under the Act because she did not plead it before the civil court?

Legislation cited

Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939s. 2A
Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948s. 2(18), s. 32-G, s. 32-H, s. 32-M, s. 32-O, s. 4, s. 63-A(3), s. 85
Hindu Succession Act, 1956

Subjects

tenancydeemed tenantland leasecertificate of ownershipexecution of decreejurisdictionSection 85civil courttribunalpurchase rightslimited interestconsent decree

Judgment

SAU. SARASWATIBAI TRIMABAK GAIKWAD A
v.
DAMODHAR D. MOTIWALE AND ORS.

MARCH 22, 2002

[SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI AND S.N. VARIA VA, JJ.] B

Tenancy Laws:

Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, I 948:
c
Sections 4 and 32-0-Land-lease of-Purchase by tenant-Grant of
ownership certificate by Tribunal-Civil Court's decree against tenant-
Execution of decree-Held. decree not executable after grant of ownership
certificate.

Section 85-Jurisdiction-A<{judication of questions required to be D
decided by authority under the Act-Held, Civil Court is barred from
a<{judicating such question-Even if the same is raised before the Civil Court,
ii would refer the same to the authority under the Act. ·

land-Lease by owner having limited right-Legality of-Held, the lease E
would not be illegal, since the person with limited interest is not prohibited
by the Act to permit somebody to cultivate the land

Words and Phrases:

"fenant'-Meaning of in the context ofSection 2(18) ofBombay Tenancy
and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948.
F

By a settlement deed, 'T' was given limited right to be in possession
and to cultivate the property in question by predecessor of respondents 1 and
2.

In litigation between 'T' and predecessor of respondents I and 2, consent 0
decree was passed, wherein 'T' had agreed not to lease out the land. Another
suit by 'T' claiming to be absolute owner of the land, was dismissed in view
of the consent decree.

'T' executed lease deed in favour of appellant. Respondents I and 2 filed H
755
756 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] 2 S.C.R.

A suit against 'T' and appellant, for declaration that 'T' had no authority to
lease the suit land the suit was decreed on the ground that 'T' had no
authority to lease out the land in view of her earlier consent decree and thus
a
appellant was trespasser. Ultimately in second appeal, High Court confirmed
the decree in favour of respondents 1 and 2.

B Appellant had already made an application u/s 32-0 of Bombay Tenancy
and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 before filing of the above suit. Respondent
Nos. 1 and 2 were also parties in the applications. During pendency of the
suit tribunal fixed the purchase price. Finally certificate of ownership was
issued to the appellant. Appeal against the order of the tribunal was dismissed
C and revision against the same is still pending.

Respondents 1 and 2 applied for execution of the decree. Appellants
objected to the same. Executing court held that it was bound to execute th~
decree. Appellant's appeal against the order of the executing court was
dismissed. Writ petition against the appellate court's order was also dismissed.
D Hence the present appeal.

Respondents contended that the lease created in ~avour of the appellant ,.
was illegal as 'T' had no authority to lease out the suit land in view of the
previous litigations between 'T' and predecessor or respondents 1 and 2; and
since appellant .was not lawfully cultivating.the suit land, she could not be
E deemed to be tenant under S.4 of the Act and thus was a trespasser; that once
a civil court held the appellant to be trespasser, appellant could i,ot take
advantage of proceedings under the Act; an~ that she was debarred from
raising claim as a deemed tenant under the Act as she had not taken such a
plea before civil court.

F The issue for consideration before this Court was whether a decree
passed by a civil court can be executed if a certificate of ownership has been
granted under the provision of the Act.

Allowing the appeal, the Court

G HELD: 1. The decree cannot be executed against the appellant so long
as the certificate stands~ It is only if respondents 1 and 2 succeed in getting
· the certificate set aside, in their pending Revision, they can execute the decree.
[766-C]

2.1. A civil court does not have jurisdiction to decide matters which.are
H required to be dealt with by the tribunal under Bombay Tenancy and
SAU_ SARASWATIBAITRIMABAKGAIKWADv_ DAMODHARD_ MOTIWALE 757

Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. Thus it is only the tribunal which can decide A
whether a person is deemed to be a tenant and whether he is entitled to
purchase the land held by him. The civil court has no jurisdiction to decide
such a question. Even if such a question was to be raised in a proceeding before
it, the civil court would have to refer th~ issue to the authority under the Act.
The suit would then have to be disposed of in accordance with the decision of
the authority. Thus ifthe tribunal fixes a purchase price and issues a certificate B
then that certificate would be conclusive proof of purchase. The civil court
would then be bound to give effect to the certificate and cannot ignore it.
[762-G-H; 763-A]

2.2. In the present case it cannot be said that the appellant is debarred C
from raising claim as a deemed tenant under the Act, as she had not taken
such plea before civil court. The appellant had already made an application
under Section 32-0 of the Act before the suit was filed by respondents 1 and
2. Respondents 1 and 2 were aware that the appellant had made such an
appliCation. The appellant was pursuing her remedy under the Act before
the appropriate authority. Respondents 1 and 2 were also parties to those D
proceedings and were contesting those proceedings. These are not questions
which could be raised before a civil court. Therefore, rightly neither
respondents 1 and 2 nor the appellant took up this question before the civil
court. Even if the question had been raised the civil court could not have
~

decided it. The civil court would have had to refer the issue to the appropriate E
authority and then abide by its decision. A decree passed without the
consideration of the provisions of the Act must be subject to orders of the
appropriate authority in proceedings under the Act. [765-G-H; 766-A-B]

2.3. In passing the decree and holding the appellant to be a trespasser
the civil court has not considered the provisions of the Act. The conclusion p
that the appellant is a trespasser is dehors the rights of the appellant under
the Act. (765-F]

Dahya Lal and Ors. v. Rasul Mohammed Abdul Rahim, (1963] 3 SCR 1
and Rukhamanbai v. Shivram., (1981] 4 SCC 262, referred to.

3.1 'T' was not a trespasser on the suit land. In the present case there
G
;:;_'!o decree holding that 'T' had no right or title to the suit land. 'T'
admittedly had a limited interest and was recorded as a Kabjedar. The
relevant term of the Deed of Settlement shows that 'T' had during her lifetime
a right to be in possession .and to cultivate the suit land. The consent decree
did not take away that right. [763-H; 764-A] H
758 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2002] '2 S.C.R.

A latchaiah v. Subramaniam., [1967) 3 SCR 712, distinguished.

3.2. Lease created in favour of appellant was not illegal. In the Act there
is no provision that a person with a limited interest cannot permit somebody
else to cultivate the land. [764-C)

B Gopala Genu Wagale v. Nageshwardeo, [1978] 2 SCC 47 distinguished.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 6434 of
1999.

From the Judgment and Order dated 23.8.1990 of the Mumbai High
C Court in W.P. No. 4634 of 1999.

A.S. Bhasme, Sushi! Karanjkar, Manoj K. Mishra, Sanjay Visen,
..
Dr. Nafis A. Siddiqui for the Appellant.

U.U. Lalit for the Respondents.
D
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

S.N. VARIAVA, J. I. This Appeal is against the judgment of the Bombay
High Court dated 23rd August, 1999.
;,/- ___ _
r·
E 2. Briefly stated the facts are as follows:

One Narayan Motiwale was the owner of certain pieces of land. He had
a son named Dattatraya and a daughter named Tarabai. On the death of
Narayan Motiwale, Dattatraya became the owner of the properties. By a
registered Settlement Deed dated 12th January, 1927, Dattatraya gave Survey
F Nos. 2113, 20 and 20/l to his sister Tarabai as she was poor and unable to
maintain herself. The said Deed of Settlement, inter alia, provided as follows:

"Land bearing No: 21 and the well in the same is given to along
with trees and things thereon has been given to your possession for
maintenance until life. Therefore you may cultivate the said land by
G paying the Government assessment for maintenance. After your
lifetime the land shall again come to me or to my heirs." _..,,,,---
__ ,,,
Pursuant to the Deed of Settlement the name of Tarabai was entered in,.ne
revenue records as a Kabjedar.

H 3. Tarabai leased out one piece of land to a tenant in 1968. Dattatraya
SAU SARAS WA TJBAI TR!MABAK GAIK WAD"· DAMODHAR D. MOTIWALE !VARIA VA, J J 759
_. filed Suit No. 362 of 1969 against Tarabai for a declaration that he was the A
owner of the land in question and that Tarabai had only a limited interest and
therefore could not lease out the land. In the meantime the tenant to whom
the Tarabai had leased out the land applied for tenancy rights under the
provisions of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948.
(hereinafter called the said Act).
B
4. The suit filed by Dattatraya was dismissed. Thereafter Dattatraya
filed Appeal No. 450 of 1970. In that Appeal a consent decree was passed
..... on 7th October, 1971. Under the consent Decree Tarabai agreed that she will
not lease out any piece of land.

. 5. In the tenancy proceedings initiated by the lessee, by order dated on
c
13th March, 1971 it was held that the lessee was a deemed tenant under
Section 4 of the said Act. The Land Tribunal fixed a price under Section 32G
of the said Act. The price was paid by the lessee and that lessee became the
statutory owner of the property. Dattatraya was a party to those proceedings.
He never challenged the order of the Land Tribunal. That order became final D
in respect of that lessee.

6. In 1973 Tarabai filed Suit No. 73 of 1973 against Dattatraya claiming
that, after coming into force of Hindu Succession Act, 1956, the limited
rights vested in her had matured into an absolute right. That Suit was dismissed
in view of the consent decree passed in Appeal No. 450 of 1970.
E

7. On 19th January 1977 Dattatraya expired. On 6th September 1980
•... Tarabai executed a lease deed in favour of the Appellants. On 7th December
1980 the Appellants gave notice under Section 32-0 of the said Act to Tarabai
and the Land Tribunal. By this notice the Appellant indicated her intention F
to purchase the suit land.

8. Respondents I and 2 then filed Suit No. 472of1981 against Tarabai
and the Appellants for a declaration that Tarabai had no authority to lease or
create any incumberance on the suit land. They prayed for recovery of
possession. Tarabai expired on 5th March, 1982. Thereafter the suit had G
proceeded only against the Appellants. On 19th February, 1986, the Trial
Court decreed the Suit holding, on the basis of the earlier consent decree, that
Tarabai had no authority to lease out the suit land. lt was held that the lease
in favour of the Appellant was not binding on Respondents l and 2. It was
held that the Appellant was a trespasser.
H
760 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] 2 S.C.R.

.A 9. The Appellant preferred an Appeal. This Appeal was allowed on
16th September 1989. Respondents 1 and 2 filed a Second Appeal, which
was allowed by the High Court on 27th June 1997.

IO. On 18th August 1981, the Appellants filed a case under Section 32-
0 of the said Act. Respondents 1 and 2 opposed this Application. On 22nd
B April 1988 the Land Tribunal fixed the purchase price under Section 32-G.
The Appellants deposited the purchase price immediately. Respondents l and
2 filed an Appeal against the Order dated 22nd April 1988. That Appeal was
dismissed on 23rd November 2000. A Certificate of Ownership has been
issued to the Appellants on 4th December 2000. We are informed that
C Respondents 1 and 2 have preferred a Revision against the order dated 23rd
November 2000 and that that Revision is pending.

11. In the meantime Respondents 1 and 2 applied for execution of t~e
-
decree· passed in their favour. The Appellant filed an application, in the
executing court, under Order 21 Rule 97 contending that they had already
D become owners by virtue of the purchase price having been fixed in their. · ..:
favour. The Appellants contended that the decree could not now be executed
against them. Their application was rejected on 12th February 1999. It was
held. that the executing court was bound to execute the decree obtained by
Respondents I and 2 in their Civil Suit.

E 12. The Appellant filed an Appeal. That Appeal came to be dismissed
... I

on 28th June 1999. The Appellimt preferred a Writ Petition in the High
Court. The High Court has dismissed the Writ Petition by the impugned
judgment dated 23rd August, 1999.

13. The question for consideration is whether a decree passed by a
••
F Civil Court can be executed if a Certificate of Ownership has been granted
under the provisions of the said Act.

14. We have heard counsel for the parties at length. The relevant
provisfons of the said Act may now be seen. A 'tenant', as defined in Section
G 2(18) of the said Act, includes a person who is "deemed to be a tenant under
Section 4". The relevant portion of Section 4 of the said Act reads as follows:

"4. Persons to be deemed tenants. : (I) A person lawfully cultivating
any land belonging to another persons shall be deemed to be a tenant
if such land is not cultivated personally by the owner and if such
H person is not -

....
SAU. SARASW ATIBAI TRIMABAK GAIKW AD v. DAMODHAR D. MOTIWALE [VARIA VA, J_J 761

(a) a member of the owner's family, or A
(b) a servant on wages payable in cash or kind but not in crop share
or hired labourer cultivating the land under the personal
supervision of the owner of any member of the owner's family,
or
(c) a mortgage in possession. B
Explanation (I) - A person shall not be deemed to be tenant under this
section if such person has been on an application made by the owner
of the land as provided under section 2A of the Bombay Tenancy
Act, 1939, decided by a competent authority not to be a tenant.
c
Explanation (II) - Where any land is cultivated by a widow or a
minor or a person who is subject to physical or mental disability or
a serving member of the armed forces through a tenant then
notwithstanding anything contained in Explanation I to clause (6) of
section 2, such tenant shall be deemed to be a tenant within the D
meaning of this section."

Thus a person lawfully cultivating any land belonging to another person is
·deemed to be a tenant.

The relevant portion of Section 32-0 reads as follows :
E
"32-0. Right of tenant whose tenancy is created after Tillers' day to
purchase land. - (l) In respect of any tenancy created after the Tillers'
day by a landlord (not being a serving member of the armed force)
notwithstanding any agreement or usage to the contrary, a tenant
cultivating personally shall be entitled within one year from the
commencement of such tenancy to purchase from the landlord the F
land held by him or such part thereof as will raise the holding of the
. tenant to the ceiling area.
(IA) A tenant desirous of exercising the right conferred on him under
sub-section (I) shall give an intimation in that behalf to the landlord

-
and the Tribunal in the prescribed manner within the period specified G
in that sub-section."
To be remembered that on 7th December 1980 the Appellant had given
notice under Section 32-0.

15. Section 32(G)(4) of the said Act provides that if the tenant is H
t

762 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] 2 S.C.R.

A willing to purchase, the Tribunal after giving an opportunity to the tenant and
landlord and all other persons interested in such land hold an inquiry and
determine the purchase price of such land in accordance with the provisions
of Section 32-H and Section 63-A(3). Under Section 32-M on deposit of the
purchase price the Tribunal is to issue a certificate of purchase to the tenant
B purchaser in respect of such land. Such a certificate is to be conclusive proof
of purchase.

16. As stated above after considering the objections of Respondents l
and 2 the Tribunal has fixed the purchase price ·on 22nd April l 998. The
Appellant has deposited the purchase price and a certificate has been issued
C to him on 4th December 2000. Such a certificate is conclusive evidence of
purchase unless it is set aside in the Revision, which is filed by the Respondents
I and 2.

l 7. One other provision which requires to be noted is Section 85. It
reads as follows-:
D "85. Bar of jurisdiction - (I) No Civil Court shall have jurisdiction to
settle, decide or deal with any question (including a question whether
a person is or was at any time in the past a tenant and whether any
such tenant is or should be deemed to have purchased from his landlord
the land held by him) which is by or under this Act required to be
E settled, decided or dealt with by the Matnlatdar or Tribunal, a Manager,
the Collector or the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal in appeal or
revision or the State Government in exercise of their powers of control.

(2) No order of the Mamlatdar, the Tribunal, the Collector or the -'.
Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal or the State Government made under .,,;...
F this Act shall be questioned in any Civil or Criminal Court.

Explanation - For the purposes of this section a Civil Court shall
include a Mamlatdar's Court constituted under the Mamlatdars' Courts
Act, 1906."

G Thus it is to be seen that a Civil Court does not have jurisdiction to decide
matters which are required to be dealt with by the Tribunal under the said
Act, Thus it is only the Tribunal which can decide whether a person is
deemed to be a tenant and whether he is entitled to purchase the land held
by him. The civil court has no jurisdiction to decide such a question. Even
if such a question was to be raised in a proceeding before it, the civil court
H would have to refer the issue to the authority under the said Act. The Suit
SAU. SARASW ATIBAI TRIMABAK GAJKW AD '' DAMODHAR D MOTIWALE [VARJA VA, J.] 763

would then have to be disposed of in accordance with the decision of the A
-' authority. Thus if the Tribunal fixes a purchase price and issues a certificate
then that certificate would be conclusive proof of purchase. The civil court
would then be bound to give effect to the certificate and cannot ignore it.

18. Mr. Lalit submitted that Tarabai had no power or authority to lease
the suit land. He submitted that the consent decree dated 7th October 1971 B
provides that Tarabai had no authority to lease out any piece of land. He
submitted that thereafter the suit filed by Tarabai had been dismissed on 25th
June, 1976. He submitted that there were thus two decrees of competent court
against Tarabai. He submitted that both these decrees provided that Tarabai
had no right to lease out any piece of land. He submitted that the lease C
created in favour of the Appellants on 6th September, 1980 was illegal and
could not be enforced against Respondents 1 and 2. He submitted that in
view of the decrees of the court it could not be said that the Appellant was
lawfully cultivating the suit land. He submitted that as the Appellant was not
lawfully cultivating the suit land she could not be deemed to be a tenant
·under Section 4. He submitted that the Appellant was merely a trespasser. He D
submitted that a suit for possession against a trespasser lay in a civil court.
He submitted that Respondents l and 2 had filed such a suit and they had
succeeded in that suit. He submitted that once the civil court held that the
Appellant was a trespasser, the Appellant could not take advantage of the
proceedings adopted by her under the said Act. He submitted that the executing E
court, the Appellant Court and the High Court had rightly rejected the claim
of the Appellant.

19. Mr. Lalit strongly relied on the case of Latchaiah v. Subramaniam,
reported in [1967] 3 SCR 712. In this case the Respondent (therein) had
obtained a decree in his favour declaring that he was the owner of the land F
and that the wife of his adoptive father had no title to the suit land. During
pendency of the suit the widow was in possession of the land. After the
decree was passed she executed a lease in favour of the Appellant (therein).
The question was whether the Appellant could be said to be lawfully cultivating
the land. This Court held that after the decree the widow was trespasser and G
thus could not create any right in the land in favour of anybody. Mr. Lalit
submitted that tl!e ratio laid down in this case fully applies to the facts of our
case. We are unable to agree. In our case there is no decree holding that
Tarabai had no right or title to the suit land. Tardbai admittedly had a limited
interest and was recorded as a Kabjedar. The relevant term of the Deed of
Settlement, set out hereinabove, shows that Tarabai had during her lifetime H
764 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] 2 S.C.R.

A a right to be in possession and to cultivate the suit land. The consent Decree
did not take away that right. Tarabai was not a trespasser on the suit land. ·'-..
.....
20. Mr. Lalit also relied on the case of Gopala Genu Wagale v.
Nageshwardeo, reported in [1978] 2 SCC 47. In this case the question was
whether a sub-tenant can be deemed to be a tenant under Section 4 of the said
B Act. This Court held that creation of a sub-tenancy was prohibited by Section
27 of the said Act and that Section 14(l)(a)(iii) provided that the tenancy
could be terminated ifthe tenant had sublet. This Court held that as subletting
was not lawful, a sub-tenant could not claim to be a deemed tenant. In our
view this authority is based on the provisions of the said Act which expressly
C provide that sub-letting shall not be valid. In the said Act there is no provision
that a person with a limited interest cannot permit somebody else to cultivate
the land.

21. On the other hand, Mr. Bhasme has relied on a Constitution Bench
judgment of this Court in the case of Dahya Lal and Ors. v. Rasul Mohammed
D Abdul Rahim, reported in [ 1963] 3 SCR I. In this case the question was ·
whether a tenant of the mortgagee could be evicted by the mortgagor after
the property was redeemed. With reference to Section 4 of the said Act it was
held as follows:

"The Act 1948, it is undisputed, seeks to encompass within its
E
beneficent provisions not only tenants who held land for purpose of
cultivation under contracts from the land owners but persons who are
deemed to the tenants also. The point in controversy is whether a
person claiming the status of a deemed tenant must have been
cultivating land with the consent or under the authority of the owner.
F Counsel for the appellants submits that tenancy postulates a relation
based on contract between the owner of land, and the person in
· occupation of the land, and there can be no tenancy without the
consent or authority of the owner to the occupation of that land. But
the Act has by s. 2( 18) devised a special definition of tenant and
included therein persons who are not contractual tenants. It would
G therefore be difficult to assume in construing s. 4 that the person who
claims the status of a deemed tenant must be cultivating land with the
consent or authority of the owner. The relevant conditions imposed
by the statute is only that the person claiming the status of a deemed
tenant must be cultivating land "lawfully": it is not the condition that
H he must cultivate land with the consent of or under authority derived
SAU SARASWATIBAI TRIMABAK GAIKWADv,DAMODHARD. MOTJWALE (VARJAVA, J_j 765
'
directly from the owner. To import such a condition it is to rewrite A
the section, and destroy its practical utility. A person who derives his
right to cultivate land from the owners would normally be a contractual
tenant and he will obviously not be a "deemed tenant". Persons such
as licencees from the owner may certainly be regarded as falling
within the class of persons lawfully cultivating land belonging to B
others, but it cannot be assumed therefrom that they are the only
persons who are covered by the section. The Act affords protection
to all persons who hold agricultural land as contractual tenants and
subject to the exceptions specified all persons lawfully cultivating
lands belonging to others, and it would be unduly restricting the
intention of the Legislature to limit the benefit of its provisions to C
persons who derive their authority from the owner, either under a
contract of tenancy, or otherwise. In our view, all persons other than
those mentioned in els. (2), (b) and (c) ofs. 4 who lawfully cultivate
land belonging to other persons whether or not their authority is
derived directly from the owner of the land must be deemed tenants
of the land." D
22. Mr. Bhasme bas also relied on the case of Rukhamanbai v. Shwram,
reported in [1981] 4 SCC 262. In this case the facts were almost identical.
The question was whether a lessee of a person with a limited estate acquired
the status of deemed tenant under Section 4. A three Judge Bench held that E
the lessee acquired the status of a deemed tenant and the Tribunal was justifie_d
in determining the purchase price under Section 32-G.

23. Faced with this position Mr. Lalit submitted that in this case there
was a dec.ree, after contest, between the Appellant and Respondents I and 2.
He submits that that decree is binding on the Appellant and can be executed F
against the Appellant. We have read the decrees/orders of the civil court. In
passing the decree and holding the Appellant to be a trespasser the civil court
has not considered the provisions of the said Act. The conclusion that the
Appellant is a trespasser is dehors rights of the Appellant under the said Act.
Mr. Lalit submitted that the Appellant never claimed, before the civil court
that she was a deemed tenant. He submitted that Appellants could have G
contended before the civil court that she was a deemed tenant under the said
Act. He submitted that as the Appellant has not taken this contention before
the civil court she is now debarred from raising a claim under the said Act.
We see no substance in this submission. The Appellant had already made an
applicati9p under Section 32-0 before the suit was file~ by the Respondents H
766 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] 2 S.C.R.

A I and 2. Respondents I and 2 were aware that the Appellant had made such
an application. The Appellant was pursuing her remedy under the said Act
before the appropriate authority. Respondents 1 and 2 were also parties to
those proceedings and were contesting those proceedings. These are not
questions which could be raised before a civil court. Therefore rightly neither
B Respondents 1 and 2 nor the Appellant took up this question before the civil
court. Even if the question had been raised the civil court could not have
decided it. The civil court would have had to refer the issue to the appropriate
authority and then abide by its decision. A decree passed without the
consideration of the provisions of the said Act must be subject to orders of
the appropriate authority in proceedings under the said Act.
c 24. Thus so long as tlie certificate stands the decree cannot be executed
against the Appellant. It is only if Respondents I and 2 succeed in getting the
Certificate set aside, in their pending Revision, that they can execute the
decree. It would be open for Respondents 1 and 2 to pursue the Revision
filed by them against the order dated 23rd November 2000. We realise that
D a Revision is.on limited grounds. We have noticed that the Appellate Authority
dismissed the Appeal of Respondents 1 and 2 merely on the ground that this
Court had stayed the operation of the decree passed by the civil court. If the
revisional authority so desires it may remit the matter back to the AppeUate
Authority for a decision on merits in accordance with law. We, however,
E clarify that the decision of the Revisional Authority or the Appellate Authority
must be based only on the provisions of the said Act. Findings given by the
Civil Court, dehors the provisions of the said Act, and any observation made
by us on that question cannot be taken into consideration in deciding whether
Appellant is a deemed tenant.

· F 25. For the aforesaid reasons this Appeal is allowed. The impugned
Judgment dated 23rd August 199( as well as the Order passed by the Appellate
Authority on 28th June 1999 and the Order passed by the Executing Court
on 12th February 1999 are set aside. We hold th.at so long as the Certificate
stands the decree, obtained by Respondents 1 and 2, cannot be executed
against the Appellant. We clarify that if Respondents 1 and 2 succeed in the
G Revision filed by them, then they would be at liberty to apply for execution
of the decree obtained by them.

26. The Appeals stand disposed of accordingly. There will no order as
to costs.

H ·K.K.T. Appeal allowed.