Holding

The 1 April 1997 amendment circulars are consistent with Ajit Singh I and II, and seniority of roster‑point promotees must be fixed according to those decisions with the prospectivity date postponed to 1 April 1997.

Summary

General‑category officers of the Rajasthan Police Service and Rajasthan Administrative Service filed writ petitions challenging the seniority of reserved‑category officers promoted at roster points, while reserved officers sought to enforce the seniority rules. The Rajasthan High Court modified seniority lists in accordance with Ajit Singh I, quashing promotions exceeding the 28% reservation quota and holding that placement of senior‑scale officers in the selection scale constituted a promotion. The State of Rajasthan argued that the seniority lists established in Fateh Singh Soni could not be altered and sought to postpone the prospectivity of Ajit Singh I to 1 April 1997. The Supreme Court held that the amendment circulars dated 1 April 1997, which deny seniority to roster‑point promotees, are consistent with the principles laid down in Ajit Singh I and II, and that the seniority of such promotees must be fixed according to those decisions with the cut‑off date postponed to 1 April 1997. Consequently, the appeals of both general and reserved candidates were dismissed, subject to the concession that reserved officers promoted before 1 April 1997 would not be reverted but their seniority would be adjusted as per Ajit Singh I and II.

Issues considered

Whether the amendment circulars of 1 April 1997 are consistent with the seniority principles laid down in Ajit Singh I and Ajit Singh II.
Whether appointment from senior scale to selection scale constitutes a promotion for the purpose of reservation.
Whether the seniority lists prepared in State of Rajasthan v. Fateh Singh Soni can be modified in light of Ajit Singh I.
Whether the prospectivity date of Ajit Singh I should be postponed to 1 April 1997.

Legislation cited

Indian Police Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1954

Subjects

service lawreservationsenioritypromotionroster pointsprospectivityRajasthan Police ServiceRajasthan Administrative Serviceamendment circular

Judgment

A SH. RAM PRASAD ETC.ETC
v. 'I

SH. D.K. VIJA Y AND ORS. ETC. ETC.

SEPTEMBER 16, 1999

B [DR. A.S. ANAND, C.J., K. VENKATASWAMI, G.B. PATTANAIK,
S.P. KURDUKAR AND M. JAGANNADHA RAO, JJ.]

Service Law:

C Rajasthan Police Service Rules, 1954/Rajasthan Administrative Service
Rules, 1954:

Rules 8, 9, 27. 27A and 281 Rules, 8 and 33-Reservation in
Promotion-Amendment Circular dated 1.4.1997 providing that on promotion
of a general candidate to a senior scale after the promotion to that scale of
D his junior roaster point promotee, the general candidate will regain his
seniority-Held, the Circulars are consistent with the principle of seniority
of reserved candidates as laid down in Ajit Singh I and Ajit Singh II-With
regard to 'prospectivity' of sabharwal, Ajit Singh II will apply-Indian Police
Service (Appointment by Promotion) Regulation, 1955-lndian Police Service
E (Recruitment) Rules, 1954.

The general category officers of the Rajasthan Police Service (R.P.S.)
filed writ petitions before the Rajasthan High Court seeking modification of
seniority list as regards their seniority vis-a-vis the reserved candidates;
and the general category officers of the Rajasthan Administrative Service
(R.A.S.) filed writ petitions challenging the mode of implementation of Rules
F
8 and 33 of the Rajasthan Administrative Service Rules, 1954. The writ
petitions were partly allowed, so f~r as the seniority of reserved candidates
at the promotional level was concerned, by following the judgment in Ajit
Singh /*, and promotions in excess of 28% quota were quashed. The High
Court, following the decision in State of Rajasthan v. Fateh Singh Soni
G ll996J t sec 562, delivered on 12.12.1995 held that the placement of
Additional Superintendents of Police (senior scale) as Additional
Superintendents (Selection scale) amounted to promotion so as to give the
reserved candidates the benefit of reservation by way of roster points. The
High Court, following Ajit Singh /*, also held that the reserved candidates
H on promotion at roster points cannot count their seniority from the date of
576
RAM PRASAD v. D.K. VI.TAY 577

such promotion and the general candidates senior to them at the lower level, A
on promotion would become senior to them. Aggrieved, the general candidates,
the affected reserved candidates as also the State of Rajasthan filed the
present appeals.

It was contended for the general candidates that appointment from
senior scale to selection scale was not a promotion; that Fateh Singh Soni B
required reconsideration; and that, in any event, Fateh Singh Soni was
decided on 12.12.1995 and at that time the Court was not dealing with the
issue of seniority of the roster point promotees, and, therefore, after Ajit
Singh I it became necessary for the High Court to modify the seniority list
as accepted in Fateh Singh Soni. C
The State of Rajasthan, while accepting the principles laid down in Ajit
Singh I, contended that seniority lists accepted in Fateh Singh Soni by this
Court could not have been altered by the High Court. It was also contended
on behalf of the State Government that between 1.3.1996 (when Ajit Singh
I was decided) and 1.4.1997 certain further promotions of r~served candidates D
had taken place and the prospectivity of Ajit Singh I be postponed from
1.3. J 996 to 1.4.1997 so as to prevent reversions of such roster point
promotees. The reserved candidates contended that Ajit Singh I* was not
correctly decided.

Disposing of the appeals, the Court E
HELD: 1. There is a general Amendment dated 1.4.1997 made to the
Rajasthan Police Service Rules, 1954 and Rajasthan Administrative Service
Rules, 1954 which directs that roster-point promotees shall not be given
such seniority. Rajasthan Police Service Rules are pari materia with Rajasthan
Administrate Service Rules. The said circulars are consistent with the F
principle that has been laid down in regard to seniority of reserved candidates
in Ajit Singh I* and Ajit Singh II** [581-G-D]

*Ajit Singh Januja v. State of Punjab, (1996) 2 SCC 715 and State of
Rajasthan v. Fateh Singh Soni, [1996) 1 SCC 562, affirmed. G

**Ajit Singh & Ors. v. The State of Punjab & Ors., [1999) Suppl 2 SCR,
relied on.

2. It cannot be said that appointment from senior scale to selection
scale is not a promotion and that Fateh Singh Soni requires reconsideration. H
578 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999) SUPP. 2 S.C.R. .

A The reserved candidates are entitled to be promoted to the selection scale by
way of the roster points. But, this has to be done in the manner mentioned
in R.K. Sabharwals. (582-D-EJ

R.K. Sabharwal v. State of Punjab, (1995) 2 SCC 745, affirmed.

B Union of India v. S.S. Ranade, (1995)4 SCC 452 and la/it Mohan Deb
v. Union of India, (1973) 3 SCC 862, referred to.

Jagdish Lal v. State of Punjab, (1997( 6 SCC 538, cited.

3. In view of the decision in Ajit Singh II, it cannot be said that upon
promotion at the roster points, the promotees can reckon· seniority and that
C the senior general candidates who later got promoted cannot be treated as
seniors at the promotional stage. (582-F)

Ajit Singh & Ors. v. The State of Punjab & Ors., (1999) suppl. 2 SCR,
relied on.

D 4. In F ateh Singh Soni 's case, the question of seniority of roster points
promotees vis-a vis senior general candidates was not in issue. Therefore,
in the instant matters the seniority lists prepared in accordance with Fateh
Singh Soni have to be modified in the light of Ajit Singh I. The High Court
was, therefore, right in applyingAjit Singh I and giving direction to implement
E that judgment. The question of seniority of the roster point promotees will
be on the basis of the decision in Ajit Singh I and in Ajit Singh II in this
regard. (582-H; 583-AJ

5.1. So far as the 'prospectivity' of Subharwal is concerned, the decision
in Ajit Singh II in this regard will apply. There is no change in the cut off
F date so far as Sabharwal is concerned. (583-C)

5.2. So far as prospectivity of Ajit Singh I is concerned, the decision

G
in Ajit Singh II will apply in principle but with a slight modification of the
cut-off date. In view of the peculiar facts of these cases, the officers from
reserved category who were promoted at the roster points before 1.4.97 shall
,-
not be reverted but their seniority in the promoted category shall be governed
by the principles enumerated in Ajit Singh I and Ajit Singh II. The prospectivity
of Sabharwal as explained in Ajit Singh JI is not disturbed. So far as
prospectivity of.A} it Singh I in concerned, the principles in Ajit Singh II will
apply but subject to postponement of the date from 1.3.96 to 1.4.97.
H (583-C; F-GJ
RAM PRASAD v. D.K. VIJAY [M. JAGANNADHA RAO, J.J 579

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 2866-68 of A
1998 ETC.

From the Judgment and Order dated 2.4.98 of the Rajasthan High Court
in D.B.C.W.P. No. 2545/96, W.P. No. 2812/96, D.B.C.W.P. No. 3086of1996.

Altaf Ahmad, C.S. Vaidyanathan, Additional Solicitor Generals, Dr. Raj iv B
Dhawan, Gopal Subramaniam, H.N. Salve, Dr. M.P. Raju, Abraham Pattiyani,
Ms. Meeta Prasad, M.K.D. Namboodary, Prakash Srivastava, Ranji Thomas,
Javed M. Rao, (Ms. Sandhya Goswami) (NP), B.N. Singh vi, Brij Bhushan, P.K.
Jain, Vinay Garg, Ms. Indu Malhotra, Ms. Kavita Wadia, Ms. Monika Arora,
Vikas Mehta, Brij Bhushan, Dr. Jose P. Verghese, Sidharadham, Motilal, S.P. C
Shanna, (A.P. Medh) (NP), Hemant Shanna, K.C. Kaushik and D.S. Mehra for
the appearing parties.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

M. JAGANNADHA RAO. Leave granted in the special leave petitions. D
All the Civil Appeals arise out of the judgment of the Rajasthan High
Court in a batch of writ petitions. There are three sets of appeals.

The Civil Appeals 2866/98, 2867/98, 2868/98, 3282/98, 4084/98 have been
filed by the reserved candidates and arise out of (DB) CWPs. 2545/96, 2812/
96, 3086196, 2963196 and 4918/97 respectively. Civil Appeal 3935/98 is filed by E
the general candidates and arises out ofCWP. 3080/96. The State ofRajasthan
has filed C.A. Nos. 3147-3150/98 and they arise out of CWPs. 3086, 6208 and
4918/97 respectively. The Civil Appeals arising out ofSLPs 9185-88/99 have
also been filed by the State of Rajasthan and arise out of CWPs. 2545/96,
2675/96, 4726/97 (646/97) and 2963/96. The High Court has disposed of all the p
writ petitions by a common judgment dated 2.4.1988.

All the eight writ petitions were filed in the High Court by the general
candidates. The D.B. CWPs. 2812/96, 3086/96, 6208/96 and 4918/97 were filed
in the High Court by the general candidate officers of the Rajasthan Police
Service (for short R.P.S.) seeking modification of the seniority list. Similarly, G
the D.B. Civil Writ Petitions Nos. 2543/96, 2675/96, 4726/96 ( 646/97) and 2963/

--
\
96 were filed by-the general candidate officers of the Rajasthan Administrative
Service (for short 'R.A.S. ')challenging the mode of implementation of Rules
8 and 33 of the Rajasthan Administrative Service Rules I 954.

Decision of the High Court: H
580 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A The High Court took up CWP. 2812/96 in the Police Service and CWP.
2545/96 in the Administrative Service as the main case. The writ petitions were
partly allowed so far as the seniority of the reserved candidates at the
.promotional level was concerned, by following the judgment of this Court in
Ajit Singh Januja v. State of Punjab, [ 1996] 2 SCC 715 i.e. Ajit Singh No. J
B dated l.3.96. Promotions in excess of 28% quota were quashed.

In regard to the question whether the placement of Additional
Superintendents of Police (senior scale) as Additional Superintendents
(Selection scale) amounted to a promotion so as to give the reserved candidates
the benefit of reservation by way of roster points the High Court held in
C favour of the reserved candidates that it amounted to a promotion and that
reservation as per the roster points for promotion to the selection scale has
to be given. The High Court in that context followed the decision of this Court
in State of Rajasthan v. Fateh Singh Soni, [1996] 1 SCC 562 dated 12.12.95.
The general candidates are aggrieved in this behalf and filed C.A. 3935/98.

D The High Court has also followed Ajit Singh No. 1 dated 1.3.96 and held
that the reserved candidates on promotion at roster points cannot count their
seniority from the date of such promotion anp their senior general candidates
at the lower level, on promotion become seniors to them. The reserved
candidates have preferred appeals C.A.2866-2868/98 and 3282/98 and 4084/98
in regard to this part of the judgment. No submissions were made before us
E on behalf of the reserved candidates that reservation should be in excess of
28% quota.

Contentions in this Court:

The State of Rajasthan while accepting the principles laid down in Ajit
F Singh No. 1 has, however, filed C.A.3147-3150/98 and the appeals arising out
of SLPs. 9185-88/99 to contend that the seniority lists accepted in Fateh Singh
Soni by this Court could not have been altered by the High Court, under the
impugned judgment.

G The general candidates contend that Fateh Singh Soni requires
reconsideration. They also contend that, in any event, Fateh Singh Soni 's
case was decided on 12.12.95 and at that time this Court was not dealing with
the issue of seniority of the roster point promotees and hence after judgment
in Ajit Singh No. I dated l.3.96, it becomes necessary for the High Court to
modify the seniority lists as accepted in Fateh Singh Soni 's case in
H implementation of Ajit Singh No. 1. The reserved candidates contend that Ajit
\
- RAM PRASAD v. D.K. VIJAY [M. JAGANNADHA RAO, J.] 581
Singh No. l is not correctly decided and Jagdish Lal v. State ofPunjab, [1997] A
6 sec 538 is to be followed.

The State of Rajasthan made an additional plea that between 1.3.96
when Ajit Singh No. I was decided on 1.4.97, certain further promotions of the
reserved candidates had taken place and that the prospectivity of Ajit Singh
No. I may be postponed from l.3.96 to l.4.97 for the limited purpose of B
preventing reversions of the roster- point promotees who were promoted upto
1.4.97 though in respect of seniority, Ajit Singh No.1 could be given effect
in respect of reserved candidates promoted at roster points before 1.4.97.

The Rules:
c
It may be noted that the R.P.S. officers are governed by the Rajasthan
Police Service Rules, 1954 and the Indian Police (Appointments by promotion)
Regulations, 1955 issued in pursuance of Sub-rule (1) of Rule 9 of the Indian
Police Services (Recruitment) Rules, 1954. The relevant Rules are Rule 8, 9,
28-A and 33 of the 1954 Rules. The above Rules are pari-materia with the D

- Rajasthan Administrative Service Rules, 1954.

Rule 8 of the R.P.S. Rules, 1954 deals with 'Reservation of vacancies for
the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes'. Rule 9 deals with the method
of determination of vacancies. Rules 27, 27 A, 28 deal with criteria for selection
and procedure for selection by seniority-cum-merit, eligibility being reckoned E
· as on the first day of April of the year of selection. Rule 28-A refers to the
'Revised criteria, Eligibility and Procedure for promotion to Junior, Senior and
other posts ex-cadred in the services. Rule 33 deals with 'seniority'.

Rajasthan Rule is consistent with Ajit Singh:
F
Today we have delivered judgment in IAs 1-3 in Civil Appeal Nos.3792-
94/89 (Ajit Singh No. I) and that is called for convenience, Aji~ Singh No.2.

It is important to note that in Rajasthan, there is a general Amendment
dated 1.4.97 made to the R.P.S. and R.A.S. Rules of 1954 which directs that
r_oster-point promotees shall not be given such seniority. That amendment G
reads as follows:

"After the existing last proviso of rule as mentioned in column 3
against each of the Service Rules, as mentioned in column 2 of the
Schedule appended hereto, the following new proviso at the next
serial number shall be added, namely: H
582 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A "That if a candidate belonging to the Scheduled Caste/Scheduled
Tribe is promoted to an immediate higher post/grade against a reserved
vacancy earlier than his senior general/0.B.C. candidate wh() is
promoted later to the said immediate higher post/grade, the general/
OBC candidate will regain his seniority over such earlier promoted
candidate of tlie Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe in the immediate
B higher category."

The above circulars are consistent with what has been laid down in
regard to seniority of reserved candidates in Ajit Singh No. I and Ajit Singh
No.2.
c Fateh Singh Soni correctly decided:

The contention of Sri Gopal Subramaniam for the general candidates
that appointment from senior scale to selection scale is not a promotion and
that Fateh Singh Soni requires reconsideration in view of the judgments in
D Union of India V. S.S. Ranade, [1995] 4 sec 462 and La/it Mohan Deb v.
Union ofIndia, [1973] 3 SCC 862, cannot be accepted. We are unable to agree.
We find that both these cases have been referred to and explained in Fateh ....
Singh Soni 's case. Therefore, the reserved candidates are entitled to be
promoted to the selection scale by way of the roster points. But, this has to
be done in the manner mentioned in R.K. Sabharwal v. State ofPunjab, [I 995]
E 2 sec 745. The appeal of the general candidates has to fail. (

Seniority is to be decided as per Ajit Singh No. I and Ajit Singh No.2:

So far as the seniority of the roster point promotions is concerned, the
reserved candidates have contended that upon promotion at the roster points,
F the promotees can reckon seniority and that senior general candidates who
later got promoted cannot be treated as seniors at the promotional stage. But
in view of what has been decided in our separate judgment in Ajit Singh No.II
today, the above contention cannot be accepted. Thus, there are no merits
in the appeals filed by the reserved candidates.
·~
G
On behalf of the State of Rajasthan, learned Additional Solicitor General,
Sri Altaf Ahmad contended that the seniority settled by Fateh Singh Soni
could not have been disturbed by the High Court. We are unable to agree.
Fateh Singh Sohi was decided ~n 12. 12.95 while Ajit Singh No. I was decided
on 1.3.96. In Soni's case, the ,question of the seniority of roster points
H promotees vis-a-vis senior general candidates was not in issue. Here, the
RAM PRASAD v. D.K. VIJA Y [M. JAGANNADHA RAO, J.] 583

seniority lists prepared in accordance with Fateh Singh Soni have to be A
modified in -the light of Ajit Singh No. I. The High Court was, therefore, right
in applying Ajit Singh No.I and giving direction to implement that judgment.
In our view, the question of seniority of the roster point promotees will be
on the basis of what was decided in Ajit Singh No.I and under Points I to
3 in Ajit Singh No.2.
B
Prospectivity of Sabharwal and Ajit Singh No. I

We first make it clear that so far as the 'prospectivity' of Sabharwal is
concerned, the decision in Point 4 in Ajit Singh No.2 will apply. There is no
change in the cut off date so far as Sabharwal is concerned.
c
So far as prospectivity of Ajit Singh No. I is concerned, our decision
in Ajit Singh No.2 will apply in principle but with a slight modification of the
cut off date.

It was argued for the State of Rajasthan that on the peculiar factual
situation concerning the R.P.S. and R.A.S. officers, the judgment of this Court D
in Ajit Singh Januja v. State of Punjab, [1996] 2 SCC 715 (called Ajit Singh
No. I), could not be implemented forthwith and hence a few more promotions
of the reserved candidates took place upto l.4.97. It was pointed out that as
per Ajit Singh No. I those reserved candidates who were promoted before
I .3.96 were not to be reverted, though their seniority in the promoted cadre, E
even if made before 1.3.96 would be governed by Ajit Singh No. I. It was
submitted that this concession of non- reversion could be extended to those
reserved candidates who were promoted before 1.4.97.

In view of the peculiar facts of these cases, we are inclined to accede
to this contention. The result is that officers from the reserved category who F
were promoted at the roster points before I .4.97 shall not be reverted but their
seniority in the promoted category shall be governed by the principles
enumerated under Points I to 3 in Ajit Singh No. I and Ajit Singh No.II. The
prospectivity of Sabharwal as explained under Point 4 in Ajit Singh No.II is
not disturbed. So far as prospectivity of Ajit Singh No. I is concerned, the G
__, ' principles in Ajit Singh No.II in Point 4 will apply but subject to postponement
of l.3.96 to 1.4.97.

In other words, we agree that there is no need to revert those reserved
category officers, if they were promoted even beyond 1.3.96 but before 1.4.97.
To give an example - in the case of two rosters from Level I to Level 2 and H
584 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A Level 2 to Level 3, if the reserved candidate was promoted before 1.4.97 to
Level 4, such reserved candidate need not •be reverted. If by the date of
promotion of the reserved candidate before l.4.97 from Level 3, the senior
general candidate at Level 2 has reached Level 3, he has to be considered as
senior at Level 3 to the reserved candidate because the latter was still at Level
3 on that date. But if such a general candidate's seniority was ignored and
B the reserved candidate was treated as senior at level 3 and promoted to Level
4, this has to be rectified after 1.3.96 by following Ajit Singh No. I as explained
in Ajit Singh No.JI. In other words, if a reserved candidate was promoted to
Level 4 before 1.4.97, without considering the case of the senior general
candidate who had reached Level 3 before such promotion, such reserved
C candidate need not be reverted but the said promotion to Level 4 is to be
reviewed and seniority at Level 3 and Level 4 ( as and when the general
candidate is promoted to Level 4) is to be refixed.

Thus, we reject the main contentions of the general candidates and the
reserved candidates but accede to the request of the State. of Rajasth~ to
D the extent indicated above. All the appeals are, therefore, dismissed subject
to the above concession.

RP. Appeals dismissed.

(
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