Holding

Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act converts any property possessed by a Hindu woman in lieu of maintenance into full ownership, making Gulwant Kaur the absolute owner of the land.

Summary

The appellant, Gulwant Kaur, was estranged from her husband Major General Gurbux Singh, who in a 1958 letter entrusted her with a parcel of land and a house as maintenance, promising a monthly allowance. The husband later sold the land to the respondent, Mohinder Singh, who sought an injunction against Kaur. The lower courts were divided on whether the land was an oral gift or held by Kaur in lieu of maintenance, and whether she acquired only a limited interest. The Supreme Court held that under Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act, any property possessed by a Hindu woman in lieu of maintenance confers full ownership, and the right to maintenance itself is sufficient title for the possession to ripen into absolute ownership. Consequently, Kaur was deemed the absolute owner of the land, and the appeal was allowed, setting aside the Division Bench judgment and restoring the Single Judge's decision.

Issues considered

The nature of the interest created when a Hindu woman is given property in lieu of maintenance under Section 14 of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956.
Whether the land entrusted to Gulwant Kaur by her husband amounted to a limited ownership that could ripen into full ownership under Section 14(1).
Whether the respondent could claim title to the land despite the alleged maintenance arrangement.

Legislation cited

Hindu Succession Act, 1956s. 14

Subjects

Hindu Succession ActSection 14maintenancelimited ownershipfull ownershipproperty rights of Hindu womeninheritanceadverse possessionoral giftinjunction

Judgment

A SMT. GULWANT KAUR & ANOTHER
v.
MOHINDER SINGH & ORS.

JULY 20, 1987

B [0. CHINNAPPA REDDY AND
K. JAGANNATHA SHETTY JJ.]

Hindu Succession Act, 1956-Section 14---Hindu lady receiving
land from husband in lieu of maintenance-Sufficient title to enable
ripening ofpossession into full ownership.
c The appellant-wife and her husband were estranged and living
apart. The husband, by a letter dated July 28, 1956, entrusted .to the
appellant the land in dispute alongwith another piece of land and a
house and agreed to pay a sum of Rs.100 per month for her mainte-
nance. After a few years, the husband conceived the idea of selling the
D land in dispute. The appellant protested by her letter dated June 15,
1966 and implored him not to sell the land. Despite this, the husband
sold the said land to the plaintiff-respondents.

The purchaser instituted a suit for an injunction restraining the
appellants from interfering with possession, which was contested ini-
E tially on the ground that the land had been gifted to the appellant orally
by the husband, and that title had been acquired by adverse possession.
Later, the written statement was amended and a further plea was taken
that the said land had been given in lieu of maintenance and that she
had become the absolute owner of the land nnder Section 14 of the
Hindu Succession Act. All courts found that there was no oral gift.
F
A Single Judge of the High Court held that the land was given to
the appellant by her husband in lieu of maintenance and that by Section
14 of the Hindu Succession Act, she had become full owner of the
property.

G On appeal under the Letters Patent, a Division Bench of the High
Court held that "The reading of the letter left no meaning of doubt that
there was never any intention on the part of the husband to give away ~
the land to the lady and that instead of sending the total amount in cash
he allowed her to utilise the amount of ckakota for meeting her day to
day expenses", that she did not at all acquire any snch right or interest
H in the property as could be .termed 'limited ownership' so as to permit
576
GULWANT KAUR v. MOHINDER 577

her to take the benefit of the provisions of Section 14(1) of the Hindu A
Succession Act, that "if the husband had given over the land in dispute
completely to the lady, then the question of sending more money could
not have arisen" and reversed the Judgment of the Single Judge.

The appellant appealed to this Court. On behalf of the respon·
dents, it was contended that even if the land was given to the appellant B
in lieu of maintenance, it must be established that what was 1dven to her
was a limited estate in the sense of ownership without the right of
alienation and that under Section 14 of the Hindu Succession Act only
such a limited estate would blossom into an absolute estate.

Allowing the appeal, this Court, c
HELD: 1.1 Section 14 is aimed at removing restrictions or limi·
tations on the right of a female Hindu to enjoy, as a full owner, property
possessed by her so long as her possession is traceable to a lawful origin,
that is to say, if she has a vestige of a title. It makes no difference
whether the property is acquired by inheritance or devise or at a parti· D
tion or in lieu of maintenance or arrears of maintenanA:e or by gift or by
her own skill or exertion or by purchase or by prescription or in any
other manner whatsoever. The Explanation to the Section expressly
refers to property acquired in lieu of maintenance and the widow is not
required to establish her further title before she could claim full owner-
ship, under Section 14(1) in respect of property given to her and posses- E
sed by her in lieu of maintenance. [582F-H)

1.2 The very right to receive maintenance is sufficient title to
enable the ripening of possession into full ownership if she is in posses-
sion of the property in lieu of maintenance. Sub·section (2) of Section 14
is in the nature of an exception to Section 14(1) and provides for a F
situation where property is acquired by a female Hindu under a written
instrument or a decree of court and not where such acquisition is trace·
able to any antecedent right..[582H; 583A)

2. If a female Hindu is put in possession of property pursuant to
<I ~ or in recognition of a right to maintenance, it cannot be denied that she G
has acquired a limited right or interest in the property and once that
position is 'lccepted, it follows that the right gets enlarged to full owner·
ship under Section 14(1) of the Act. That is clear from the language of
Section 14(1) of the Act. (586B·Cl

3.1 In the Instant case, the question was not whether the husband H
578 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1987] 3.S.C.R.

A Intended to give away the land in dispute absolutely but whether
the land was given to her in lieu of maintenance. A perusal of the
letters exchanged between the husband and the appellant-wife
clearly establishes that the land in dispute was given by the husband
in lieu of maintenance. The Division Bench of the High Court was
wrong In making distinction between day-to-day expenses and
B maintenance. [581F·G] ~
3.2 It is rather late in the day to contend that the land which was
given to the appellant in lieu of maintenance did not vest In her --~ •
absolutely. [586F]
[The Judgmnt of the Division Bench of the High Court set aside
C and that of the Single Judge restored.]

Eramma v. Verrupanna & Ors., [1966] 2 SCR 626, distinguished.

Badri Pershad v. Smt. Kanso Devi, [1970] 2 SCR 95; Naraini
Devi v. Smt. Rano Devi and Ors., [1976] 3 SCR 55; V. Tulasamma &
D Ors. v. V. Sesha Reddi (Dead) by L.Rs., [1977] 3 SCR 261; Bai Vajia
(Dead) by L.Rs. v. Thakorbhai Chelabhai and Ors., [1979] 3 SCR 291;
Santhanam v. Subramanya AIR 1977 SC 2024 and fagannathan Pillai
v. Kunjithapadam Pillai, [1987] 2 SCC 572, referred to.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1112
E of 1980.

From the Judgment and Order dated 13.5.1980 of the Punjab
and Haryana High Court in L.P.A. No. 521of1976.

Ms. Kamini Jaiswal for the Appellants.
F
V.M. Tarkunde, Harbans Singh and S.K. Bagga for the Res-
pondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

G CHINNAPPA REDDY, J. Major General Gurbux Singh and his 'f
wife Gulwant Kaur were estranged and were living apart. Their son
and daughter-in-law were living with Gulwant Kaur at Chandigarh.
Qulwant Kaur was apparently complaining that Major General
Gurbux Singh was not providing her with adequate maintenance.
Therefore, on July 28, 1958, he wrote her a letter, the relevant parts of
H which are as follows:-
GULWANT KAUR v. MOHINDER [REDDY. J.] 579

"To, A
Shrimati Gulwant Kaur,

You have been complaining that I have not paid even
a penny for maintenance for the last seven/eight months.
Here is an account from November 1957 to July, 1958, the B
details of which run as under:
,.....__,
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx c
xxxxxx

Now, so far as the question of future expenses is con-
cerned, the maintenance shall be like this:

FOR YOURSELF: D

1. The land and house situated at Mangwal, which
was constructed with the earning of my whole life, is en-
trusted to you, the half portion of which already stands in
your name and in lieu of the produce thereof Madan jit shall
provide to you, if not more, free lodging and boarding E
(expenses for maintenance). You stay in your own home.

2. The land at Khurana is also entrusted to you. Its
produce, lease money, etc. will fetch you a minimum of
Rs. J200 annually i.e. Rs. JOO per month for maintenance.
F
3. I shall pay Rs. JOO every month for maintenance.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

.. ~
xxxxxx
G
The letter of Gurbux Singh suggested that he was making ade-
quate provision for meeting the expenses of Gulwant Kaur even at the
cost of great inconvenience and discomfort to himself and so. Gulwant
Kaur was not entitled to complain. Gulwant Kaur apparently felt dis-
gusted and frustrated at the tone of the letter and by her letter dated
August 5, J958, she queried if she was not to take maintenance from H
580 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1987] 3.S.C.R.

A Gurbux Singh from who else was she to get any maintenance. She said
that she was not demanding anything and made no claim on him and
that everything including the land and kothi belonged to him. The
Khurana land also belonged to him. He might give her maintenance or
not give her maintenance as he chose. She said that she was nothing
more than a heap of dust and her life was not worth living. In another
B portion of the letter, she mentioned that the Khurana land had not yet ~
been leased and that there had been some delay. Other correspond-
ence passed between the parties which is not important for the present ___....
case. Later, after a few years, Gurbux Singh conceived the idea of
selling the Khurana land. The wife protested. Her letter dated January
15, 1966was as follows:-
c "Most respected husband,

Sat Siri Akal,

Previously in the summer, Col. Gurcharan Singh told
D us that you want to sell the land of Khurana. Now, on the
day you visited Sangrur, it was learnt from you that you
were interested in selling the land. I also told you that we
depend upon only that. This land was given to me by you
voluntarily. You had written letters to me and Madanjit on
July 28, 1958 copy whereof is being sent to you by me.
E Therein, it was decided that I would continue enjoying the
produce thereof till my life. Now, on hearing that you want
to sell it, I was very much shocked ................ Now
this letter is being written to you in order to impress upon
you not to sell the land of Khurana because Madanjit and I
depend upon it. You are very well aware that we do not
F possess anything else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I fully hope
that you will continue giving me this land and the mainte-
nance grants to me as per your decision and will not think
of selling this land. You are aware how we are hardly main-
taining ourselves. I have made this prayer to you. I have
full right over it. I hope that you will reply soon."
G
Gulwant Kaur's letter did not have any effect on Major General
Gurbux Singh. Instead of replying her, he sold the Khurana land to the
plaintiff-respondents on June 18, 1968. The purchaser instituted the
present suit out of which the appeal arises for an injunction restraining
Gulwant Kaur and Madanjit Singh from interfering with their posses-
H sion. The defendants contested the suit initially on the ground that the
GULWANT KAUR v. MOHINDER [REDDY. J.J 581

-_;. land had been gifted to Gulwant Kaur orally by Major General A
Gurbux Singh. It was also claimed that Gulwant Kaur had acquired
title by adverse possession. Later the written statement was amended
and a further plea was taken that the land in dispute had been given to
Gulwant Kaur in lieu of maintenance and that she had become the
absolute owner of the land under sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act.
l All the courts found that there was no oral gift. A learned single Judge B
!"'- of the High Court who heard the second appeal held that the Khurana
Land was given to Gulwant Kaur by her husband Major General
. .....__, Gurbux Singh in lieu of maintenance and that by virtue of sec. 14 of
the Hindu Succession Act, she had become full owner of the property.
On an appeal under the Letters Patent, a Division Bench of the High
Court of Punjab & Haryana held that Gulwant Kaur was merely C
allowed to receive the proceeds of the land in dispute in order to meet
• her day-to-day expenses and that she did not at all acquire any such
right or interest in the property as could be termed 'limited ownership'
so as to permit her to take the benefit of the provisions of sec.14(1) of
the Hindu Succession Act. According to the learned Judges, "If the
General had given over the land in dispute completely to the lady then D
~ the question of sending more money could not have arisen ..... The
reading of the letter leaves no manner of doubt that there was never
any intention on the part of the General to give away the land of village
Khurana to the lady and that instead of sending the total amount in
cash, the General allowed her to utilise the amount of ckakota for
meeting her day-to-day expenses." The Division Bench reversed the E
judgment of the learned Single Judge.

We are unable to agree with the conclusions of the Division
Bench of the High Court. The question was not whether Major
General Gurbux Singh intended to give away the Khurana land abso-
lutely to Gulwant Kaur but whether the land was given to her in lieu F
of maintenance. A perusal of the letter dated July 28, 1958 from Major
General Gurbux Singh to Gulwant Kaur and the letter dated January
15, 1966 clearly establish that the Khurana land was given to ·Gulwant
Kaur by Gurbux Singh in lieu of her maintenance. We are unable to
understand the distinction made by the High Court between day-to-
day expenses and maintenance. It was argued by Shri Tarkunde, G
.- learned counsel for the respondents that even if the land was given to
Gulwant Kaur in lieu of maintenance, it must be established that what
was given to her was a limited estate in the sense of ownership without
the right of alienation and that under sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession
Act only such a limited estate would blossom into an absolute estate.
We are unable to agree with the submission of Shri Tarkunde. Shri H
582 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1987] 3.S.C.R.

A Tarkunde invited our attention to some decisions of this court as sup-
porting the preposition stated by him. We will presently refer to all of
them.

Sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act is as follows:

8 "( 1) Any property possessed by a female Hindu, whether .~
acquired before or after the commencement of this Act,
shall be held by her as full owner thereof and n\)t as a
limited owner. >
Explanation-In this sub-section, "property" inclu-
des both movable and immovable property acquired by a
c female Hindu by inheritance or devise, or at a partition, or
in lieu of maintenance or arrears of maintenance, or by gift 'II
from any person, whether a relative or not, before, at or
after her marriage, or by her own skill or exertion, or by
purchase or by prescription, or in any other manner what-
D soever, and also any such property held by her as stridhana
immediately before the commencement of this Act. Y
(2) Nothing contained in sub-section (!) shall apply
to any property acquired by any of gift or under a will or
any other instrument or under a decree or order of a civil
E court or under an award where the terms of the gift, will or
other instrument or the decree, order or award prescribe a
restricted estate in such property."

It is obvious that sec. 14 is aimed at removing restrictions or
limitations on the right of a female Hindu to enjoy, as a full owner,
F property possessed by her so long as her possession is traceable to a
lawful origin, that is to say, if she has a vestige of a title. It makes no
difference whether the property is acquired by inheritance or devise or
at a partition or in lieu of maintenance or arrears of maintenance or by
gift or by heir own skill or exertion or by purchase or by prescription or
in any other manner whatsoever. The explanation expressly refers to
G property acquired in lieu of maintenance and we do not see what ~
further title the widow is required to establish before she can claim full
ownership under sec. 14(1) in respect of property given to her and
possessed by her in lieu of maintenance. The very right to receive
maintenance is sufficient title to enable the ripening of possession into
full ownership if she is in possession of the property in lieu of mainte-
H nance. Sub-sec. 2 of sec. 14 is in the nature of an exception to sec.
GULWANT KAUR v. MOHINDER (REDDY, J.( S83

- ;. 14( 1) and provides for a situation where property is acquired by a A
female Hindu under a written instrument or a decree of court and not
where such acquisition is traceable to any antecedents right.

In Bramma v. Verrupanna, [1966) 2 SCR 626 on the death of the
last male holder, his two step mothers who had no vestige of title to the
properties got possession of the properties and in answer to a suit by B
the rightful heirs, one of them claimed that she had become full owner
of the property under sec. 14 of the Hindu Succession Act. The
Supreme Court pointed out that the object of sec. 14 was to extinguish
the estate called limited estate and to make a Hindu woman who

- would otherwise be a limited owner, a full owner of the property but it
was not to confer a title on a female Hindu, who did not in fact possess
any vestige of title. The case did not deal with the case of Hindu a
C

woman who was given property in lieu of maintenance and in whom
therefore a right or interest was created in the property.

In Badri Pershad v. Smt. Kanso Devi, [1970] 2 SCR 9S. The
Court pointed out that a Hindu widow who after the death of her D
husband obtained properties under a partition award between herself
and her sons, would be entitled to an absolute estate under sec. 14( 1)
of the Act and that merely because the partition was by means of an
arbitration award, sec. 14(2) would not be attracted. It was made clear
that sec. 14(2) was in the nature of a proviso or an exception to sec.
14(1) and that it came into operation only if the Hindu woman E
required the property in any of the methods indicated therein for the
first time without their being any pre-existing right in her to the pro-
perty. The principle of the case far from supporting Shri Tarkunde's
submission supports the submission of the appellants.

In Naraini Devi v. Smt. Rano Devi and Ors., [1976] 3 SCR SS F
the case of Badri Pershad v. Smt. Kanso Devi (supra) was distinguished
on the ground that the widow had no pre-existing right in the property
which she obtained under an award and therefore, the case fell
squarely within sec. 14(2) of the Hindu Succession Act.

In Tulasamma v. Sesha Reddi, [ 1977] 3 SCR 261, it was clearly laid G
~ down that sec. 14(1) would be applicable to property given to a female
Hindu in lieu of maintenance. It was also made clear that sec. 14(2)
would apply only to cases where the acquisition of property was made
by a Hindu female without any pre-existing right. It was said.

"It will, therefore, be seen that sub-sec. (1) of sec. H
584 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1987) 3.S.C.R.

14 is large in its amplitude and covers every kind of
A
acquisition of property by a female Hindu including
acquisition in lieu of maintenance and where such
property was possessed by her at the date of commence-
ment of the Act or subsequently acquired and possessed,
she would become the full owner of the property. Now,
B sub-section (2) of sec. 14 provides that nothing contained
in sub-sec. (1) shall apply to another property acquired
by way of gift or under a will or any instrument or
under a decree by order of a civil court or under an
award when the terms of the gift, will or other instru-
ment or the decree, order or award prescribed a restricted
estate in such property. This provision is more in the
c nature of a proviso or an exception to sub-sec. ( 1) and
it was regarded as such by this court in Badri Pershad
v. Kanso Devi (supra) ........................... .

D . . . . . . . .It is, therefore, clear that under the Shastric
Hindu Law a widow has a right to be maintained out of
joint family property and this right would ripen into a
charge if the widow takes the necessary steps for having her
maintenance ascertained and specifically charged in the
joint family property and even if no specific charge is
E created, this right would be enforceable against joint family
property in the hands of a volunteer or a purchaser taking it
with notice of her claim. The right of the widow to be
maintained is of course not a jus in rem, since it does not
give her any interest in the joint family property but it is
certainly jus ad rem, i.e., a right against the joint family
F property. Therefore, when specific property is allotted to
the widow in lieu of her claim for maintenance, the allot-
ment would be in satisfaction of her jus ad rem, namely,
the right to be maintained out of the joint family property.
It would not be a grant for the first time without any pre-
existing right, in the widow. The widow would be getting
G the property in virtue of her pre-existing right, the instru- -1-
ment giving the property being merely a document effec-
tuating such pre-existing right and not making a grant of
the property to her for the first time without any antece-
dent right 'or title. There is also another consideration
which is very relevant to this issue and it is that, even if the
H instrument were silent as to the nature of the interest given
~·

GULWANT KAUR v. MOHINDER (REDDY, J.( 585

to the widow in the property and did not, in so many terms, A
prescribe that she would have a limited interest, she would
have no more than a limited interest in tiie property under
t!J.e Hindu Law 'as it stood prior to the enactment of the Act
and hence a provision in the instrument prescribing that
she would have only a limited interest in the property
would be, to quote the words of this Court in Nirmal B
Chand's case (supra), "merely recording the true legal
position" and that would not attract the applicability of
sub-section (2) but would be governed by sub-section (1) of
section 14. The conclusion is, therefore, inescapable that
- where property is allotted to a widow under an instrument,
decree, order or award prescribes a restricted estate for her C
in the property and sub-section (2) of section 14 would
. have no application in such a case."

In Bai Vajia v. Thakorbhai Chelabhai, [1979] 3 SCR 291, the court
referred to the earlier judgment in Tulsamma's case and
D
said, "All the three Judges were thus unanimous in accept·
ing the appeal on the ground that Tulsamma's right to
maintenance was a pre-existing right, that it was in recogni·
tion of such a right that she obtaii:ied property under the

,
compromise and that the compromise therefore did not fall
within the ambit of sub-section (2) of section 14 of the Act E
but would attract the provisions of sub-section (1) thereof
coupled with the Explanation thereto. With respect we find
ourselves in complete agreement with the conclusions
arrived at by Bhagwati and Fazal Ali, JJ., as also the
reasons which weighed with them in coming to those
conclusions." F

Shri Tarkunde particulary relied on the following passage in
Bai Vajia v. Thakorbhai's case:

"A plain reading of sub·section(l) makes it clear that
• the concerned Hindu female must have limited ownership G
in property, which limited ownership would get enlarged
by the operation of that sub-section. If'it was incended to
enlarge any sort of a right which could in no sense be
described as ownership, the expression "and not as a
limited owner" would not have been used at all and
becomes redundant, which is against the well-recognised H
586 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1987] 3.S.C.R.

A principle of interpretation of statutes that the Legislature
does not employ meaningless language."

We do not understand the court as laying down that what was enlarged
by sub-sec. 1 of sec. 14 into a full estate was the Hindu woman's estate
known to Hindu law. When the court uses the word 'limited estate',
B the words are used to connote a right in the property to which the
possession of the female Hindu may be legitimately traced, but which
is not a full right of ownership. If a female Hindu is put in possession of
property pursuant to or in recognition of a right to maintenance, it
cannot be denied that she has acquired a limited right or interest in the
property and once that position is accepted, it follows that the right
gets enlarged to full ownership under sec. 14(1) of the Act. That seems
c to us to follow clearly from the language of sec. 14(1) of the Act.

In Sellamma/ v. Nellammal, AIR 1977 SC 1265, the court heir·
that property allotted to a Hindu widow in lieu of her maintenance in
recognition of her pre-existing right became her the asbolute property.
D
In Santnanam v. Subramanya, AIR 1977 SC 2024, it was again
held that property in the possession of a widow of the deceased
coparcener which had been allotted to her for life in lieu of mainte-
nance without power of alienation became her absolute property
under s. 14( I) of the Act with powers of alienation.
E
In Krishna Das v. Venkayya, AIR 1978 SC 361, it was reiterated
that where a widow was put in possession of joint family property in
lieu of her right to maintenance, her right to the property became
enlarged into an absolute estate under s. 14(1). We, therefore, think ••
that it is rather late in the day for Shri Tarkunde to contend that the
F Khurana land which was given to Gulwant Kaur in lieu of maintenance
did not vest in her absolutely.

We may finally refer to a recent decision of this Court in Jagan-
nathan Pillai v. Kunjithapadam Pillai, [ 1987] 2 SCC 572 where
Thakkar and Ray, JJ. pointed out.
G
" On an analysis of Section 14( 1) of the Hindu Succes-
sion Act of 1955, it is evident that the legislature has
abolished the concept of limited ownership in respect of a
Hindu female and has enacted that any property possessed
by her would thereafter be held by her as a full owner.
H Section 14( 1) would come into operation if the property
GULWANT KAUR v. MOHINDER [REDDY, J.J 587

(sic) at the point of time when she has an occasion to claim A
or assert a title thereto. Or, in other words, at the point of
time when her right to the said property is called into ques-
tion. The legal effect of section 14(1) would be that after
the coming into operation of the Act there would be no
property in respect of which it could be contended by any- B
one that a Hindu female is only a limited owner and not a
full owner. (We are for the moment not concerned with the
fact that sub-section(2) of section 14 which provides that
Section 14( 1) will not prevent creating a restricted estate in
favour of a Hindu female either by gift or will or any instru-
ment or decree of a civil court or award provided the very
document creating title unto her confers a restricted estate C
on her). There is nothing in Section 14 which supports the
proposition that a Hindu female should be in actual physi-
cal possession or in constructive possession of any property
on the date of the coming into operation of the Act. The
expression 'proposed' has been used in the sense of having D
a right to the property or control over the property. The
expression 'any property possessed by a Hindu female
whether acquired before or after the commencement of the
Act' on an analysis yields to the following interpretation:

(1) Any property possessed by a Hindu female E
acquired before the commencement of the Act will be held
by her as a full owner thereof and not as a limited owner.

(2) Any property possessed by a Hindu female
acquired after the commencement of the Act will be held as
a full owner thereof and not as a limited owner."
F
In view of the foregoing discussion, we allow the appeal, set
aside the judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court and
·restore that of the learned single Judge.

, N.P.V. Appeal allowed.
~·