SMT. PATASIBAI & ORS.versusRATANLAL

                          SMT. PATASIBAI & ORS.
A
                                         v.
                                   RATANLAL

                              JANUARY 30, 1990
B
                   [M.H. KANIA AND J.S. VERMA, JJ.]

        Code of Civil Procedure: Order 7 Rules 11 and Order 23 Rule
                                                                                   -J
    3A-Mainrainability of suit-Issuance of summons by trial court-
    Whether a bar lo trial when no triable issue is shown to arise.
c         One Motilal who owned Goyal Talkies entered into a partnership
    with respondent Ratanlal representing the joint family firm of M/s.
    Ratanlal Damdoolal and Bros., for the purpose of running the cinema
    business. Later, the said Motilal together with his wife and children
    filed a civil suit for dissolution of partnership, rendition of accounts,
D   etc., against respondent Ratanlal, as defendant No. 1, the firm "Mis
    Damdoolal and Bros." as defendant No. 2, and one Puranmal as
    defendant No. 3. Motilal subseq1J1ently filed an application for correc-
    tion of the description of defendant No. 2 firm, which was allowed.

          The suit was compromised. According to one of the terms of the
E   compromise, plaintiff was to pay to defendant Nos. l and 2 a sum of
    Rs.15, 700 in full satisfaction of their claim, subject to final accounting.
    The plaintiff paid this sum within the specified period and thereupon
    the receiver gave possession. Subsequently, the Court passed a final
    decree dated 16.11.1959 stating that the partnership stood dissolved,
    and directing defendant. Nos. I and 2 to refund to the plaintiff the
F   amount of Rs.5,470 which was the excess amount paid by the plaintiff.to
    them. Defendant Nos. I and 2 filed an appeal against the final decree
    which was dismissed, and their second appeal in the High Court was
    also dismissed on 2.12.1972.

           Thereafter, Civil Suit No. 1699 of 1980 was filed by Ratanlal,
G   respondent herein, against the appellants, who are the legal representa-
    tives of Motilal, assailing the consent decree after taking the entire
    benefit thereunder. The reliefs claimed were for a declaration that the
    final decree dated 16.11.1959 was a nullity, and for possession of Goyal
    Talkies, etc. The appellants resisted the suit inter alia on the ground
    that it was barred by res judicata, and further that the suit was also
H   barred by virtue of Rule 3A Order 23, C.P.C. The Trial Court framed a

                                        172
                           SMT. PATASIBAI v. RATANLAL                        173

      preliminary issue regarding maintainability and held the suit to be           A
      maintainable. The High Court dismissed the civil revision against that
j,_   order.

            Before this Court it was contended on behalf of the appellant that
      the suit was barred by virtue of Rule JA of Order 23 and even otherwise
      the plaint averments did not disclose any cause of action in order to         B
      raise a triable issue. In reply, it was contended that Rule 3A of Order
      23, C.P.C., had no application since the decree assailed in the suit was
      of a date much prior to insertion of Rule 3A by amendment with effect
      from i.2.1977; and that the question of examining the frame of the suit
      to determine its maintainability on any other ground did not arise since
      the appellant"s case was based on the bar under Order 23, Rule 3A, and        C
      no specific objection for rejection of the plaint under order 7 Rule 11
      C.P.C., was taken earlier.

           During the course of hearing of the appeal, the respondent filed
      an application for amendment of the plaint.
                                                                                    D
            Allowing the appeal, this Court,

             HELD: (1) On the admitted facts appearing from the record it-
      self, counsel for the respondent was unable to show that all or any of the
      averments in the plaint disclose a cause of action giving rise to a triable
      issue. [179FJ                                                                 E

             (2) Since the plaint suffers from this fatal defect, the mere
       issuance of summons by the Trial Court does not require tliat the trial
      'Should proceed even when no triable issue is shown to arise. Permitting
       the continuance of such a suit is tantamount to licensing frivolous and
       vexatious litigation. This can not be done. [179G-H]                         F

            (3) It being beyond dispute that the plaint averments do not disc-
      lose a cause of action, the plaint is liable to be rejected under Order 7
      Rule ll, C.P.C. without going into the applicability of Order 23 Rule
      3A, C.P.C. to the present suit. [ISOA]       -
                                                                              G
            (4) There is no ground to allow the application for amendment of
      the plaint which apart from being highly belated, is clearly an after-
      thought for the obvious .purpose of averting the inevitable consequence
      of rejection of the plaUit on the ground that it does oot disdose any
      cause of action or raise any triable issue. Moreover, the proposed
      amendments in the plaint are to raise two grounds which are concluded H
    174                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1990] 1 S.C.R.

A   by the earlier adjudication ending with dismissal of Ratanlal's Second
    Appeal against the impugned decree. [177E-FJ

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1043
    of 1990.

B        From the Judgment and Order dated 10.8.1989 of the Bombay
    High Court in C.R.A. NO. 521of1985.

         V.A. Bobde, S.D. Mudaliar, Mrs. Ranjana Bobde and C.K.                ,..,.
    Ratnaparkhi for the Appellants.

          V.P. Salve, and Ms. Bina Gupta for the Respondent.
c
          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          VERMA, J. Special Leave granted.

D         The short question involved is the maintainability of the suit
    which gives rise to this appeal. The appellants contend tnat the Suit
    is not maintainable even on the plaint averments. The Trial Court held
    the suit to be maintainable and the High Court has dismiS<ed the
    appellants' revision affirming that.view. Hence this appeal by special
    leave.
E
           The appellants are the legal representatives of Motilal who
    purchased the disputed property, namely, 'Goyal Talkies' at Kamptee
    in the year 1946. The said Motilal entered into a partnership on
    31. Ll. 1953 with respondent Ratanlal representing the joint family firm
    "M,s. Ratanlal Damdoolal and Bros." for the purpose of running the
F   cinema business in 'Goyal Talkies'. Some disputes having arisen bet-
    ween the parties, the said Motilal together with his wife and children
    filed Civil Suit No. 19A of 1955 on 4.8.1955 in the Court of Civil
    Judge, Class I, Nagpur, against respondent Ratanlal as defendant No.
     1, the firm "Mis. Damdoolal and Bros." as defendant No. 2 and one
    Puranmal as defendant No. 3. The suit was for the dissolution of
G   partnership, rendition of accounts and ancillary reliefs. On discovery
    of the misdescription of defendant No. 2-firm, an application was made
    by the plaintiff for correction of that misdescription. The misdescrip-
    tion being obvious, the Trial Court allowed the plaintiff's application
    on 19.8. 1955 permitting defendant No. 2 firm to be correctly described
    as "Mis. Ratanlal Damdoolal and Bros." instead of "Mis. Damdoolal
H   and Bros.·· It appears that the correction even though permitted was
              SMT. PATASIBAI v. RATANLAL [VERMA, J.l                175

not actually incorporated in the plaint. However, the parties were not
                                                                           A
misled in any manner by the misdescription of defendant No. 2 made
initially in the plaint which is evident from the fact that defendant No.
l Ratanlal who filed the separate written statement in the suit on
behalf of defendant No. 2 also correctly described defendant No. 2 as
"Ratanlal Damdoolal and Bros." This suit was compromised beiween
the parties and a compromise petition dated February 20, 1956 signed
by the plaintiff, Motilal, Ratanlal for himself as defendant No. 1 and
also on behalf of defendant No. 2 firm, and lhe counsel for defendant
Nos. 1 and 2 was filed in the Trial Court. This compromise was
recorded by the Court on 5 .3 .1956 after the statements of defendant
No. 1 Ratanlal and the counsel for defendant No. 2 firm were recorded
accepting the compromise. One of the agreed terms was that C
defendant No. 3 Puranmal should be discharged from the suit appa-
rently because he had no interest in the suit. According to the terms of
the compromise, plaintiff was to pay to defendant Nos. 1 and 2 a sum
of Rs.15,700 in full satisfaction of their claim subject to final account-
ing, which included the sum of Rs.2,600 paid to Puranmal by
defendant Nos. 1 and 2. It was also agreed that on payment of this D
amount by the plaintiff to defendant Nos. 1 and 2 within the specified
period, the partnership would be deemed to be dissolved and that
defendant Nos. 1 and 2 gave up all their rights including the interest
acquired by them from defendant No. 3, Puranmal under the sale-deed
executed in their favour. It was agreed that the plaintiff would be
entitled to possession of the talkies immediately on .payment of the E
amount due to defendant Nos. 1 and 2. The Receiver Shri K.S. Mishra
Advocate, was required to act in terms of the compromise between the
parties which required confirmation of accounts from the account-
books of the partnership and thereafter distribution of the surplus
between the plaintiff and defendant Nos. 1 and 2.

      The plaintiff paid this sum of Rs.15 ,700 on 5 .3 .1956 well within
the specified period; the receiver rendered accounts on 19.3.1956 and
an application for correction was made on 3.4.1956. It may be
mentioned that full compliance having been made by the plaintiff on
5.3.1956, the receiver gave possession of the Talkies io the p!aintiff on
5.3.1956 according to the compromise since the only thing remaining O
to be done thereafter was to refund to the plaintiff tHe amount of
Rs.5,470 paid in excess by plaintiff to defendant Nos. i and 2. Accord-
ingly, on 16.11.1959 the Court passed the final decree in the suit stat-
ing that the partnership stood dissolved with effect from 27.4.1959 and
the defendant Nos. 1 and 2 were directed to refund to the plaintiff the
amount of Rs.5,470 which was the excess aniciunt paid by the plaintiff H
to them.
    176                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [ 1990] 1 S.C.R.

          Notwithstanding the above facts, defendant Nos. 1 and 2 filed an
A
    appeal against the final decree dated 16.11.1959 in the Court of the
    Extra "Assistant Judge, Nagpur which was C.A. No. 413 of 1962
    decided on 27 .12.1962. Thereafter, a second appeal No. 293 of 1963
    wa·s also filed by these defendants in the High Court which too was
    dismissed on 2. U.1972. The final decree dated 16.11.1959 based on the
B   compromise which was fully satisfied become final inasmuch as the
    defendants did not challenge the same by a furher appeal to this Court.

         Thereafter, Civil Suit No. 1699 of 1980 in the Court of Civil
   Judge, Senior Division, Nagpur, was filed by respondent Ratanlal
   against the petitioners who are the legal representatives of the
c aforesaid   Motilal assailing the above consent decree after taking the
   entire benefit thereunder. The reliefs claimed in this suit are for a
   declaration that the aforesaid final decree dated 16.11.1959 passed on
   the basis of the order dated 5.3.1956 in Civil Suit No. 19A of 1955 by
   the Civil Judge, Senior Division, Nagpur, is a nullity; that the partner-    ,I..
   ship under the partnership-deed dated 31.12.1953 between the said
I) Ratanlal and Motilal continues to subsist; that Ratanlal is entitled to
   possession of the said Goyal Talkies; and the other ancillary reliefs.
   This suit was contested by the petitioners, inter alia on the ground
   that it was barred by res judicata by the earlier adjudication between
   the parties and also that it was not maintainable. It would suffice to say
   that as a result of the High Court's direction, the Trial Court framed
E preliminary issue regarding maintainability of the suit and by its order
   dated 15.4. 1985, it held the suit to be maintainable. On behalf of the
   petitioners the suit was claimed to be barred also by virtue of Rule 3A
   of Order 23, C.P .C. The Trial Court rejected these contentions and
   held the suit to be maintainable. The petitioners then preferred a Civil
   Revision in the High Court which has been dismissed by the Order
F dated 10.8.1989. Hence this appeal by special leave.
          The contention of Shri V.A. Bobde, learned counsel for the
    appellant -is that the suit is barred by virtue of Rule 3A of Order 23,
    C.P.C. and even otherwise· the plaint averrnents do not disclose any
    cause of action in order to raise a triable issue. He also contended that
G   even if Rule 3A inserted in Order 23, C.P .C. by the C.P .C. Amend-
    ment Act, 1976 with effect from 1.2.1977 does not apply to the present
    suit challenging the decree passed prior to the amendment, this suit is
    barred also in accordance with the unamended provision existing
    earlier. In reply, Shri V.P. Salve, learned counsel for the respondent
    contended that Rule 3A of Order 23, C.P.C. has no application since
H   the decree assailed in the suit is of a date much prior to insertion of
              SMT. PATASIBAI v. RATANLAL [VERMA,J.]                   177

Rule 3A by amendment with effect from 1.2.1977. He also contended            A
that the question of examining the frame of the suit to determine its
maintainability on any other ground does not arise since the peti-
tioners' case was based on the bar under Order 23, Rule 3A, C.P.C.,
which too was an objection raised after the flling of the written state-
ment in which the plea of res judicata had been taken. However, in all
fairness Shri Salve made no attempt to contend that the suit as framed       B
raises any triable issue on the basis of the only grounds on which the
decree dated 16.11.1959 is alleged to be a nullity. He urged only two
additional grounds, not pleaded in the "xisting plaint, which were
raised unsuccessfully on behalf of the present respondent in the First
Appeal and the Second Appeal against the compromise decree to
contend that the suit is triable. He also urged that no specific objection
for rejection of the plaint under Order 7 Rule 11 C.P.C. was taken
                                                                             c
earlier and, therefore, the matter be remanded for a fresh considera-
tion on this basis.

      To avoid protracting this litigation any longer, we gave oppor-
tunity to learned counsel for the respondent to prepare the case on this     D
point. Shri Salve then filed an application for amendment of the plaint
on the next day in any attempt to plead the additional grounds on
which alone he claimed the suit to be triable.

       We may first dispose of the application for amendment to the
plaint filed by Shri Salve on January 12, 1990 during the course of          E
hearing of the appeal. We do not find any ground to allow this applica-
tion which apart from being highly belated, is clearly an after-thought
for the obvious purpose of averting the inevitable consequence of
rejection of the plaint.on the ground that it does not disclose any cause
of action or raise any triable issue. Moreover, the proposed amend-
ments in the plaint, as summarised by Shri Salve, are to raise two           F
grounds which are concluded by the earlier adjudic,ation ending with
dismissal of Ratanlal's Second Appeal against the impugned decree.
The first is the consequence of rejection of the plaint under Order 7,
Rule 11, C.P.C. in the earlier suit on 26.3.1959 and its revival on
payment of courMee-by plaintiff, Motilal, in terms of that order itself.
It is sufficient to mention that the High Court's order dismissing the       G
Second Appeal aris'ipg cmt of that decree considers and rejects this
argument and that order has become final between the parties since it
was not challenged thereafter. The second point relates to delivery of
possession of the Talkies on 5.3.1956 to plaintiff, Motilal, which is
alleged to have been made under a wrong procedure. The facts nar-
rated above clearly indicate that delivery of possession by the              H
    178                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1990] 1 S.C.R.

A   Receiver, Shri K.S. Mishra, Advocate, to plaintiff, Motilal, was in
    pursuance of the Court's order dated 5.3.1956 after plaintiff Motilal
    had already deposited the sum of Rs.15,700 which was really in excess
    of the amount required to be paid by the plaintiff, Motilal, to·
    defendant Nos. 1 and 2 resulting in subsequent refund of Rs.5,470 to
    plaintiff and the express compromise between parties which was
B   accepted by Ratanlal in his statement recorded by court on 22.2.1956.
    This contention also was rejected in the earlier adjudication ending
    with the High Court's dismissal of the Second Appeal which has
    become final. Moreover, this appeal is not against that decision of the      .•
    High Court. There is no ground to allow the belated attempt to amend
    the plaint for taking these grounds. The application for amendment is,
    therefore, rejected.
c
          We do not consider it necessary to decide the applicability of
    Rule 3A of Order 23, C.P .,C. to the present suit since the matter can be
    disposed of even otherwise. The plaint averments specify the grounds
    on which the decree dated 16.11.1959 is alleged to be nullity. The
D   question is: whether any of these grounds raises a triable issue in the
    suit or in other words does the plaint disclose any cause of action? The
    specific case of the respondent as clearly mentioned in Para 3 of the
    impugned order dated 10.8.1989 of the High Court is as under:

                "The plaintiff has never claimed that some fraud, coercion
E               or misrepresentation is played. On the other hand, he says
                that due to the lapses while deciding the matter, decree
                passed by the Court below has become a nullity.

    It is, therefore, clear that the respondent/plaintiff does not challenge
    validity of the decree dated 16. 11. 1959 on the ground of fraud, coer-
F   cion or misrepresentation but merely on the basis of lapses in deciding
    the earlier suit which have been specifically mentioned in para 6 of the
    plaint. It is, therefore, only on these limited grounds that the question
    of maintainability of the present suit has to be decided.

        We shall, therefore, now refer to the grounds mentioned in para
G 6 of the plaint which alone are relied on to disclose a cause of action
  for the suit. The first ground of nullity averred in para.6 of the plaint is
  that the decree was passed against a non-existent person -"Mis.
  Damdoolal and Bros." It is not the respondent's case that "M/s.                "
  Damdoolal and Bros." is a legal entity distinct from "M/s. Ratanla
  Damdoolal and Bros." so that the decree was against another person
H As earlier stated, in the Written-statement filed by respondent Ratan-
                   SMT. PATASIBAI v. RATANLAL [VERMA, J.)                 179

     !al, the description of defendant No. 2 was correctly given by respon- A
     dent Ratanlal himself as "M/s. Ratanlal Damdoolal and Bros." and
     not "M/s. Damdoolal and Bros." Moreover, an order dated 19.8.1955
     was made by the trial court permitting the correction to be made even
     though it was not duly incorporated in tfte plaint thereafter. It is
     significant that the first appeal and the second appeal filed against the
     compromise decree made by the respondent in which the firm as one B
     of the appellants was correctly described as "M/s. Ratanlal Damdoolal
     and Bros." and not "M/s. Damdoolal and Bros". The decree was,
•    therefore, against "M/s. Ratanlal Damdoolal and Bros." and this is
     how it was admittedly understood throughout by the respondent him-
     self who represented the firm at every stage of the earlier suit till the
     final decision by the High Court, describing the firm correctly as "M/s. C
     Ratanlal Damdoolal and Bros." Obviously this ground is non-existent.

           The next ground of nullity pleaded is that the decree does not
     direct discharge of defendant No. 3, Puranmal. Admittedly, no relief
     was claimed or granted against defendant No. 3, Puranmal who was
     treated by all to be only a formal party. This ground also is, therefore, D
     non-existent. The next ground is that there is no consideration for
     abandonment of the interest of Puranmal which renders the corres-
     ponding term void. Admittedly, the terms of compromise show pay-
L,   ment of Rs.2,600 to Puranmal and execution of a sale-deed by Puran-
     mal in favour of defendant Nos. I and 2 who alone thereafter remained
     the interested parties. This is how Shri Salve, learned counsel for the E
     respondent summarised the entire grounds of nullity pleaded in the
     plaint.

            On the admitted facts appearing from the record itself, learned
     counsel for the respondent, was unable to show that all or any of these
     averments in the plaint disclose a cause of action giving rise to a triable F
     issue. In fact, Shri Salve was unable to dispute the inevitable consequ-
     ence that the plaint was liable to be rejected under Order 7 Rule 11,
     C.P.C. on these averments. All that Shri Salve contended was that the
     Court did not in fact reject the plaint under Order 7 Rule 11, C.P.C.
     and summons having been issued, the trial must proceed. In our
     opinion, it makes no difference (hat the Trial Court failed to perform G
     its duty and proceeded to issue summons without carefully reading the
     plaint and the High Court also overlooked this fatal defect. Since the
     plaint suffers from this fatal defect, the mere issuance of summons by
     the Trial Court does not require that the trial should proceed even
     when no triable issue is shown tp arise. Permitting the continuance of
     such a suit is tantamount to licensing frivolous and vexatious litigation. H
     This cannot be done.
    180                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1990] 1 S.C.R.

A          It being beyond disput that the plaint averments do no disclose
    a cause of action, the plaint is liable to be rejected under Order 7 Rule
    11, C.P.C. without going into the applicability of Order 23 Rule 3A,
    C.P.C. to the present suit. Having reached this conclusion, it is
    unnecessary to adopt the technical course of directing the Trial Court
    to make the consequential order of rejecting the plaint and, instead,
B   we adopt the practical course of making that order in this proceeding
    itself to avoid any needless delay in conclusion of this futile litigation.

        Consequently, the appeal/is allowed. The impugned orders of
  the Trfal Court and the High Court holding the suit to be maintainable
  are set aside and the plaint is rejected under Order 7 Rule 11, C.P.C.
C The respondent shall pay the appellants' costs throughout.

    R.S.S.                                                   Appeal allowed.