STATE OF HARYANAversusM/S. SHIV SHANKAR CONSTRUCTION CO. & ANR.

294                      [2021]REPORTS
               SUPREME COURT   12 S.C.R. 294              [2021] 12 S.C.R.


A                           STATE OF HARYANA
                                        v.
           M/S. SHIV SHANKAR CONSTRUCTION CO. & ANR.
                     (Civil Appeal Nos.7379-7380 Of 2021)
B                            DECEMBER 14, 2021
               [M. R. SHAH AND B. V. NAGARATHNA, JJ.]
             Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996: ss.34 and 37 –
      Contract awarded for maintenance of road for Rs.5.26 crores –
      The rate of maintenance of the road was accepted at Rs.1,000 per
C
      km p.m. – Maintenance contract was valid up to 31.07.2010 –
      Contract was meant for only 3364 PCUS per day – Dispute arose
      when contractor was required to incur additional expenditure on
      maintenance due to diversion of traffic from Palwal Aligarh Road
      to the present road and heavy traffic of 24418 PCUS per day started
D     plying on the road which damaged the road – Contractor claimed
      the amount towards additional expenditure for maintenance –
      Arbitrator awarded Rs.1.51 crores taking loss at Rs.45,000 per km
      per month (claim Nos.1 and 8) – Case on behalf of the State-appellant
      was that in the statement of claim, the claimant claimed an amount
      of Rs.1.03 crores under claim Nos. 1 and 8 and, therefore award
E
      was in excess of amount claimed – Held: No substance in this
      contention – The statement of claim submitted by contractor
      specifically stated thatamount of Rs.1.03 crores was worked out up
      to May, 2007 and details of expenditure beyond May,2007 will be
      submitted during the course of hearing – Therefore,amount awarded
F     by the arbitrator cannot be said to be in excess of the claim – So far
      as the submission on behalf of the appellant that the arbitrator
      exceeded the scope of reference while awarding an amount beyond
      19.05.2007-the date on which the High Court appointed the sole
      arbitrator is concerned, same has no substance – Case of appellant
      that Arbitrator ought to have restricted the claim either up to
G
      06.03.2006-the date on which the contractor invoked the arbitration
      clause or 23.04.2007, the date on which the High Court appointed
      the sole arbitrator or at least up to 19.05.2007-the date on which
      the arbitrator entered into reference cannot be accepted since the
      award made by the arbitrator was till the traffic was diverted which
H     was up to January, 2008 – Therefore, the arbitrator was justified in
                                       294
         STATE OF HARYANA v. M/S. SHIV SHANKAR                            295
               CONSTRUCTION CO. & ANR.

awarding the amount beyond the said periods and till the additional       A
traffic was diverted – Third submission on behalf of the appellant
was that by awarding Rs.45,000 per km per month, the arbitrator
has rewritten the contract with respect to the amount payable than
what was specified in the contract – At the time when contract was
entered into the mutually agreed, the rate fixed was Rs.1,000 per
                                                                          B
km per month and the estimated traffic was 3364 PCUS per day –
Cause of action arose subsequently due to diversion of traffic from
Palwal Aligarh Road and plying of more heavy vehicles due to which
the contractor was required to incur additional expenditure for
maintenance of the road – Therefore, the contractor was entitled to
the loss on account of the additional expenditure incurred for            C
maintenance of the road – By no stretch of imagination, it can be
said that there was rewriting the terms of the contract as submitted
on behalf ofthe appellant – However, arbitrator ought not to have
awarded an amount of Rs.45,000 per km p.m. beyond the time period
of additional traffic – Arbitrator has awarded the loss/amount at
                                                                          D
Rs.45,000 per km per month up to 31.05.2010 i.e. till the end of the
contract which is wholly impermissible diversion of the additional
traffic ceasedto exist w.e.f. January, 2008 – Therefore, the arbitrator
ought not to have awarded any amount beyond the above time
periodbeyond January, 2008 – To that extent the award passed by
the arbitrator can be said to be perverse and to that extent the          E
present appeals are required to be allowed.
      Partly allowing the appeals, the Court
     HELD: 1.1 When the statement of claim submitted by the
contractor is seen, it is specifically stated by the claimant that
the amount of Rs.1,03,50,263/- has been worked out up to May,             F
2007 and the details of expenditure beyond May, 2007 will be
submitted during the course of hearing. It is specifically stated
that expenditure incurred up to May, 2007 works out to
Rs.1,03,50,263/-. Therefore, the amount awarded by the
Arbitrator cannot be said to be in excess of the claim.                   G
[Para 9.1][302-B-C]
      1.2 The Arbitrator has awarded the loss/amount at
Rs.45,000/- per km per month up to 31.05.2010 i.e. till the end of
the contract which is wholly impermissible diversion of the
additional traffic ceased to exist w.e.f. January, 2008. Therefore,       H
296            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2021] 12 S.C.R.


A     the Arbitrator ought not to have awarded any amount beyond the
      above time period beyond January, 2008. To that extent the award
      passed by the Arbitrator can be said to be perverse and to that
      extent the present appeals are required to be allowed.
      [Para 9.5][303-D-E]
B           ONGC Ltd. v. Off-Shore Enterprises Inc., (2011) 14
            SCC 147; Associate Builders v. Delhi Development
            Authority, (2015) 3 SCC 49 : [2014] 13 SCR 895; J.C.
            Budhraja v. Chairman, Orissa Mining Corpn. Ltd. &
            Anr. (2008) 2 SCC 444 : [2008] 1 SCR 821; Indian
            Aluminium Cables Ltd. v. Haryana State Electricity
C           Board, 1996 (5) SCALE 708; MSK Projects India (JV)
            Ltd. v. State of Rajasthan & Anr. (2011) 10 SCC 573 :
            [2011] 9 SCR 402; Satyanarayana Construction
            Company v. Union of India and Others (2011) 15 SCC
            101 – referred to.
D                            Case Law Reference
      (2011) 14 SCC 147              referred to             Para 5.3.1
      [2014] 13 SCR 895              referred to             Para 5.3.2
      [2008] 1 SCR 821               referred to             Para 5.3.2
E
      1996 (5) SCALE 708             referred to             Para 5.4.3
      [2011] 9 SCR 402               referred to             Para 5.4.3
      (2011) 15 SCC 101              referred to             Para 5.5
            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 7379-
F     7380 of 2021.
            From the Judgment and Order dated 03.11.2015 of the High Court
      of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in FAO No.4482 of 2011 (O&M)
      and Order dated 18.03.2016 in RA-CR No.63 CII of 2016 in FAO No.4482
      of 2011 (O&M).
G
           Alok Sangwan, AAG, Shyam Divan, Sr. Adv., Sumit Kumar
      Sharma, Anurag Kulharia, Ms. Diksha Sharma, Adith Deshmukh, Dr.
      Monika Gusain, Advs. for the Appellant.
           Ranjit Kumar, Sr. Adv., Mohit Paul, Vikrant Singh Bloria, Bikram
      Dwivedi, Advs. for the Respondents.
H
         STATE OF HARYANA v. M/S. SHIV SHANKAR                                297
               CONSTRUCTION CO. & ANR.

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                              A
      M. R. SHAH, J.
      1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment
and order dated 03.11.2015 passed by the High Court of Punjab and
Haryana at Chandigarh in FAO No. 4482 of 2011 (O&M), by which the
High Court has dismissed the appeal preferred by the appellant herein         B
under Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the State
of Haryana has preferred the present appeals.
      2. At the outset it is required to be noted that while issuing notice
in the present appeals, this Court has stayed the award exceeding
Rs.1,03,50,263/- insofar as claim Nos.1 and 8 are concerned.                  C

      3. The facts leading to the present appeals in a nutshell are as
under:-
       3.1 That the appellant herein awarded the contract to respondent
No.1 herein – contractor for strengthening, up-gradation and maintenance      D
of road from Palwal to Hasanpur, Haryana for a length of 31.17
kilometres on certain terms and conditions as per the contract entered
into between the parties. The contract was for Rs.5,26,59,688/-. That as
per the design calculation data, the specifications as prepared by the
appellant department were meant for 3364 traffic intensity PCU
(Passenger Car Unit)/day. The contract was up to 31.05.2010. That on          E
05.03.2005 due to the closing of the Palwal Aligarh Road on account of
the construction of the railway bridge, the entire traffic was diverted
from Palwal Aligarh Road to the present road. That due to this diversion
of traffic from Palwal Aligarh Road, heavy traffic of 24418 PCUS per
day was plying on the road as against the design of 3364 PCUS per day,        F
which damaged the road. That according to the contractor – respondent
No.1 herein, he was required to do heavy repair by incurring additional
expenditure. Disputes arose between the parties. A legal notice was
served upon the appellant making the claims. Disputes were not resolved
and therefore respondent No.1 – contractor invoked the arbitration clause
as per clauses 24 & 25 and approached the High Court for appointment          G
of an arbitrator in exercise of power conferred under Section 11 (6) of
the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.
       3.2 Vide order dated 23.04.2007, the High Court appointed Shri
R.S. Jindal, retired Chief Engineer, Delhi Development Authority as the
sole Arbitrator to adjudicate upon all the disputes between the parties.      H
298             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2021] 12 S.C.R.


A     That the contractor submitted various claims including claim Nos. 1 and
      8. For the purpose of deciding the present appeals, claim Nos.1 and 8
      are relevant. The sole Arbitrator awarded a total sum of Rs.1,51,95,400/
      - with respect to claim Nos.1 and 8.
             4. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the award declared by
B     the learned Arbitrator, the appellant preferred an application before the
      Court under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996,
      which came to be dismissed against which the appellant – State preferred
      an appeal under Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
      before the High Court. By the impugned judgment and order the High
      Court has dismissed the said appeal. Hence, the State of Haryana has
C     preferred the present appeals.
            5. Shri Shyam Divan, learned Senior Advocate has appeared on
      behalf of the State – appellant and Shri Ranjit Kumar, learned Senior
      Advocate has appeared on behalf of the respondent No.1 – contractor.
             5.1 Shri Shyam Divan, learned Senior Advocate appearing on behalf
D
      of the appellant submitted that the appellant has already paid to
      respondent No.1 – contractor an amount of Rs.1,03,50,263/- pursuant to
      the interim order dated 26.08.2016 passed by this Court.
             5.2 Shri Shyam Divan, learned Senior Advocate appearing on behalf
      of the appellant has submitted that the arbitral award is liable to be set
E     aside on the following grounds:-
             (i)    The award is in excess of claim;
             (ii) The Arbitrator exceeded the scope of reference;
             (iii) The Arbitrator has rewritten the contract with respect to
                    the amount payable which was specified in the contract.
F
             5.3 Now, so far as ground No.1 that the award is in excess of
      claim, it is vehemently submitted by Shri Shyam Divan, learned Senior
      Advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant that the contractor in its
      statement of claim had claimed an amount of Rs. 1,03,50,263/- only
      under the claim Nos.1 and 8. It is submitted that despite the above the
G     Arbitrator has awarded a total sum of Rs.1,51,95,400/-, which is in far
      excess of amount claimed. It is submitted that the statement of claim
      was never modified by the contractor and therefore, the Arbitrator ought
      not to have awarded the sum/amount in excess of the amount claimed.
              5.3.1 It is submitted that the differential amount of Rs.48,45,137/
H     - is in excess of claim and to that extent the arbitral award is invalid and
         STATE OF HARYANA v. M/S. SHIV SHANKAR                                299
         CONSTRUCTION CO. & ANR. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

liable to be set aside. Reliance is placed on the decision of this Court in   A
the case of ONGC Ltd. v. Off-Shore Enterprises Inc., (2011) 14
SCC 147 (para 16).
       5.3.2 It is submitted that as held by this Court in the cases of
Associate Builders v. Delhi Development Authority, (2015) 3 SCC
49 (para 36) and J.C. Budhraja v. Chairman, Orissa Mining Corpn.              B
Ltd. & Anr., (2008) 2 SCC 444 (para 31-32), making an award in excess
of claim is clear cut an act exceeding the jurisdiction and amounts to a
misconduct of the Arbitrator.
       5.4 Now, so far as ground No.2 namely, that the Arbitrator exceeded
the scope of reference, it is contended that the Arbitrator cannot exceed     C
the scope of reference.
       5.4.1 It is submitted that the contractor invoked the arbitration
clause on 06.03.2006. The High Court appointed the sole Arbitrator on
23.04.2007 and the Arbitrator entered upon reference on 19.05.2007. It
is urged that by allowing the claims for a period beyond 19.05.2007, the
                                                                              D
Arbitrator exceeded the scope of reference.
       5.4.2 It is submitted that an amount of Rs.57,96,000/- (approx.)
has been awarded for claims arising between 19.05.2007 to 31.07.2008
(calculated as amount for maintenance of road @ Rs. 45,000/- per
kilometre (km) per month). It is submitted that it was not permissible for
the Arbitrator to exceed the scope of the reference beyond the date           E
upon entering reference and as a consequence the award is liable to be
set aside.
      5.4.3 Learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant
has relied upon the decisions of this Court in the cases of Indian
Aluminium Cables Ltd. v. Haryana State Electricity Board, 1996                F
(5) SCALE 708 (para 2) and MSK Projects India (JV) Ltd. v. State
of Rajasthan & Anr. (2011) 10 SCC 573 (para 15), in support of his
above submissions that as the Arbitrator exceeded the scope of reference
and hence the award is liable to be set aside.
       5.5 In so far as the ground No.3 is concerned namely, the Arbitrator   G
has rewritten the contract with respect to the amount payable which
was specified in the contract, it is submitted that the Arbitrator has
rewritten the terms of the contract by directing the appellant to pay the
compensation to respondent No.1 – contractor at the rate of Rs.45,000/
- per km per month instead of mutually agreed contractual rate of
                                                                              H
300             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2021] 12 S.C.R.


A     Rs.1,000/- per km per month. It is contended that it was not open to the
      Arbitrator to rewrite the terms of the contract and award the contractor
      a higher rate for the work than the rate which was already fixed in the
      contract. It is submitted that such an exercise is beyond the competence
      and authority of the Arbitrator. Reliance is placed on the decision of this
      Court in the case of Satyanarayana Construction Company v. Union
B
      of India and Others (2011) 15 SCC 101 (para 11).
              5.6 It is further contended by Shri Divan, learned Senior Advocate
      appearing on behalf of the appellant that even otherwise, the amount
      awarded by the Arbitrator at Rs.45,000/- per km per month beyond the
      time period of additional traffic i.e. from 31.07.2008 to 31.05.2010 i.e.
C     till the end of contract is wholly impermissible. It is submitted that
      diversion of traffic on 9.2 km stretch of the road which gave rise to the
      cause of action ceased to exist w.e.f. January 2008. It is submitted that
      however, the Arbitrator has directed the appellant to make payment at
      Rs. 45,000/- per km per month even beyond the time period of additional
D     traffic. It is contended that the aforesaid is wholly impermissible.
            6. Making the above submissions, it is prayed to allow the present
      appeals.
             7. Shri Ranjit Kumar, learned Senior Advocate appearing on behalf
      of respondent No.1 – contractor, has vehemently contended that the
E     award passed by the Arbitrator cannot be said to be (i) in excess of
      claim; (ii) exceeding the scope of reference and (iii) rewriting the contract
      with respect to the amount payable which was specified in the contract,
      as submitted on behalf of the appellant. It is submitted that in the statement
      of claim the contractor specifically stated that the amount has been worked
F     out up to the month of May, 2007 and the details of expenditure beyond
      May, 2007 will be submitted during the course of hearing. It is therefore
      submitted that it cannot be said that claim Nos.1 and 8 were restricted
      to Rs. 1,03,50,263/- only. It is urged that on appreciation of the evidence
      on record the Arbitrator has awarded Rs. 1,51,95,400/- for claim Nos.1
      and 8, which in any case cannot be said to be beyond the amount claimed
G     in the statement of claim.
            7.1 It is next contended that it also cannot be said that the award
      passed by the Arbitrator was beyond the scope of reference. It is
      submitted that as such cause of action to claim the additional amount
      arose due to over-expenditure owing to maintenance of road due to
H     diversion of traffic from Palwal Aligarh Road to the present road which
         STATE OF HARYANA v. M/S. SHIV SHANKAR                                301
         CONSTRUCTION CO. & ANR. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

continued even beyond 06.03.2006 and/or 23.04.2007 and 19.05.2007.            A
It is submitted that the amount awarded by the Arbitrator under claim
Nos.1 and 8 cannot be said to be exceeding the scope of reference.
       7.2 It is further submitted that even the award passed by the
Arbitrator to make payment at Rs.45,000/- per km per month cannot be
said to be rewriting of the contract with respect to the amount payable       B
which was specified in the contract. It is urged that at the time when the
contract was written/entered into between the parties the contract rate
of Rs.1,000/- per km per month was agreed against the design of 3364
PCUS per day. However, after the contract was entered into and the
contractor acted as per the contract there was diversion of traffic from
Palwal Aligarh Road to the present road and the heavy traffic of 24418        C
PCUS per day was plying on the road as against the design of 3364
PCUS per day and therefore the contractor was required to incur
additional expenditure at Rs.45,000/- per km per month. It is submitted
that the amount awarded by the Arbitrator at Rs.45,000/- per km per
month cannot be said to be rewriting the contract with respect to the         D
amount payable than what was specified in the contract i.e. Rs.1,000/-
per km per month.
       7.3 However, Shri Ranjit Kumar, learned Senior Advocate
appearing on behalf of the contractor is not in a position to justify the
award by which the Arbitrator has awarded the payment at Rs.45,000/           E
- per km per month even beyond the time period of additional traffic i.e.
up to 31.05.2010 i.e. till the end of the contract.
        8. We have heard the learned senior counsel appearing on behalf
of the respective parties at length and given our thoughtful consideration.
       9. That the contractor was awarded the contract for maintenance,       F
etc. The contract amount was for Rs.5,26,59,688/-. The rate of
maintenance of the road as accepted was Rs.12,000/- per km per annum
or Rs.1,000/- per km per month. The maintenance contract was valid up
to 31.07.2010. When the contract was entered into, the contract was
meant for only 3364 PCUS per day. However, due to diversion of traffic
from Palwal Aligarh Road to the present road, the contractor was required     G
to incur additional expenditure on the maintenance due to increase in the
traffic and plying the additional commercial vehicles. Therefore the
contractor claimed the amount towards additional expenditure for
maintenance which was due to increase in the traffic and plying more
commercial vehicles. On appreciation of evidence the Arbitrator has           H
302             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2021] 12 S.C.R.


A     determined the loss at Rs.45,000/- per km per month (claim Nos.1 and
      8).
            9.1 The case on behalf of the appellant that as in the statement of
      claim, the claimant claimed an amount of Rs.1,03,50,263/- under the
      claim Nos. 1 and 8 and the Arbitrator has awarded Rs.1,51,95,400/-, the
B     same is in far excess of amount claimed and therefore the award is in
      excess of amount claimed has no substance. When the statement of
      claim submitted by the contractor is seen, it is specifically stated by the
      claimant that the amount of Rs.1,03,50,263/- has been worked out up to
      May, 2007 and the details of expenditure beyond May, 2007 will be
      submitted during the course of hearing. It is specifically stated that
C     expenditure incurred up to May, 2007 works out to Rs.1,03,50,263/-.
      Therefore, the amount awarded by the Arbitrator cannot be said to be in
      excess of the claim.
              9.2 Now so far as the submission on behalf of the appellant that
      the Arbitrator exceeded the scope of reference while awarding an amount
D     beyond 19.05.2007 – the date on which the High Court appointed the
      sole Arbitrator is concerned, the same has no substance. The case on
      behalf of the appellant that the Arbitrator ought to have restricted the
      claim either up to 06.03.2006 – the date on which the contractor invoked
      the arbitration clause or 23.04.2007, the date on which the High Court
E     appointed the sole Arbitrator or at least up to 19.05.2007 – the date on
      which the Arbitrator entered into reference, is concerned, it is required
      to be noted that the claim made by the Arbitrator was till the traffic was
      diverted which was up to January, 2008. Therefore, the Arbitrator was
      justified in awarding the amount beyond the aforesaid periods and till the
      additional traffic was diverted due to the closure of Palwal Aligarh Road.
F             9.3 Now the submission on behalf of the appellant is that by
      awarding Rs.45,000/- per km per month the Arbitrator has rewritten the
      contract with respect to the amount payable than what was specified in
      the contract. It is urged that under the contract mutually agreed contractual
      rate was Rs.1,000/- per km per month and therefore any amount higher
G     than Rs.1,000/- per km per month is beyond the terms and conditions of
      the contract, is also without substance. It is noted that at the time when
      the contract was entered into the mutually agreed, the rate fixed was
      Rs.1,000/- per km per month and the estimated traffic was 3364 PCUS
      per day. The cause of action arose subsequently due to diversion of
      traffic from Palwal Aligarh Road and plying of more heavy vehicles due
H
          STATE OF HARYANA v. M/S. SHIV SHANKAR                                  303
          CONSTRUCTION CO. & ANR. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

to which the contractor was required to incur additional expenditure for         A
maintenance of the road. Therefore, the contractor was entitled to the
loss on account of the additional expenditure incurred for maintenance
of the road due to increase in the traffic because of the closure of the
Palwal Aligarh Road and diversion of the traffic to the present road.
Therefore, by no stretch of imagination it can be said that there was
                                                                                 B
rewriting the terms of the contract as submitted on behalf of the appellant.
      9.4 In view of the above findings, none of the decisions of this
Court relied upon by the learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of
the appellant are applicable to the facts of the case on hand as the same
are not of any assistance to the appellant.
                                                                                 C
       9.5 However, at the same time Shri Divan, learned Senior
Advocate, appearing on behalf of the appellant is justified in submitting
that the Arbitrator ought not to have awarded an amount of Rs.45,000/-
per km per month beyond the time period of additional traffic. The
Arbitrator has awarded the loss/amount at Rs.45,000/- per km per month
up to 31.05.2010 i.e. till the end of the contract which is wholly               D
impermissible diversion of the additional traffic ceased to exist w.e.f.
January, 2008. Therefore, the Arbitrator ought not to have awarded any
amount beyond the above time period beyond January, 2008. To that
extent the award passed by the Arbitrator can be said to be perverse
and to that extent the present appeals are required to be allowed.               E
       10. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the
present appeals are allowed in part. The award passed by the Arbitrator
awarding the amount/compensation at Rs.45,000/- per km per month up
to January, 2008 under claim Nos.1 and 8 is hereby confirmed. The
award passed by the Arbitrator awarding the amount/compensation at
Rs.45,000/- per km per month from February, 2008 to 31.05.2010 i.e. till         F
the end of the contract is hereby quashed and set aside. The amount due
and payable has to be worked out accordingly. The present appeals are
partly allowed to the aforesaid extent. In the facts and circumstances of
the case there shall be no order as to costs.
                                                                                 G
Devika Gujral                                          Appeals partly allowed.




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