Holding

A landlord must expressly plead and prove a bonafide need for the premises; mere desire to live separately is not sufficient, and the High Court may set aside lower‑court findings that lack evidential support under Section 25.

Summary

The landlords filed an eviction petition under the Tamil Nadu Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960, claiming they wished to live separately from their father and had no house of their own. The petition did not specifically plead a bonafide need for the premises, merely stating a desire to live independently. The Rent Controller and the first appellate authority allowed eviction, but the Madras High Court set aside those orders, holding that desire alone does not satisfy the statutory requirement of a bonafide need. On appeal, the Supreme Court affirmed that a landlord must expressly set out and prove a genuine need for occupation, and that a mere desire is insufficient under Sections 10(3)(a)(i) and 10(3)(e). The Court also clarified that under Section 25 the High Court may intervene only when a finding of fact is unsupported by evidence, not merely because it disagrees with lower courts. Consequently, the appeals were dismissed, upholding the High Court’s revision.

Issues considered

Whether a landlord's mere desire to live separately from his father constitutes a bonafide need under Sections 10(3)(a)(i) and 10(3)(e) of the Tamil Nadu Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960.
Whether the High Court, exercising revisional jurisdiction under Section 25 of the Act, can interfere with the factual findings of lower courts when it merely disagrees with them.

Subjects

evictionbonafide needrent controlrevisional jurisdictionSection 25landlord-tenantTamil Nadu Building Act

Judgment

T. SIVASUBRAMANIAM AND ORS. A
v.
KA SINA TH PUJARI AND ORS.

AUGUST 31, 1999

[V.N. KHARE AND S.N. PHUKAN, JJ.] B

Rent Control & Eviction

Tamilnadu Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960-Sections
10(3) (a) (i) and 10(3) (e)-Eviction-Bonafide need-Landlord desirous of C
living separately-Desire arising out of need-Evidence adduced to show
that need was bonafide-No Desire may be outcome of one's need-Held,
when landlord desires a premises, he must set out his need for the premises
in his p~tition and establish that such a need is bonafide-Thus, mere desire
cannot constitute need ·and a ground for eviction.
D
Section 25-Revisional Jurisdiction-High Court-Not to interfere with
finding of facts merely because it disagrees with the findings of the lower
court-However, where a finding is based on no evidence, High Court would
be justified in setting aside such finding recorded by the lower court.

The appellants filed a petition for eviction of respondents from the E
premises under Sections 10(2) (ii) (a), 10(2) (vii) & 10(3) (a) (i) of T.N.
Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960 before the Rent Controller. In
the petition appellant did not set out his need much less bonafide need for
the premises. There was a bare statement that appellant desired to live
separately from his father. The Rent Controller allowed the petition and F
ordered eviction. The respondents went in appeal before the Appellate Court
and it rejected the appeal. The High Court allowed the respondent's revision
petition and set aside the order of eviction on the ground that appellant did
not set out his bonafide need for the premises.

In appeal to this Court the appellants contended that the element of G
need for the premises is implicit when a landiord desires to live separately
from his father and the view taken by the High Court that mere desire to
live separately is not sufficient to constitute need for the premises, is
erroneous; and that it is also not permissible for the High Court in exercise
of its revisional jurisdiction under Section 25 of the Act to interfere with
I~ H
144 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] Sl,JPP. 2 S.C.R.

A the concurrent findings of fact arrived at by Lower Courts.
Dismissing the appeals, the Court

HELD : 1.1. A desire takes its origin from what one likes and dislikes
and necessarily it is not dependent upon one's need. But sometimes the
B desire may be the outcome of one's need. So when a landlord desires a
premises, the requirement of Sections 10(3) (a) (i) and 10(3) (e) of T.N.

C
Building Act, 1960 is that the landlord must set out his need for the
premises in his petition and establish that such a need is bonafide. The need
must be bonafide, genuine, honest and conceived in good faith. [147-G-H]
Hameeda Hardware Stores v. Mohan Lal Sowcar, (1988] 2 SCC 513;
Amarjit Singh v. Smt. Khatoon Quamarain, (1986] 4 SCC 736 and Ram Dass
-
v. Ishwar Chander, [1988] 3 SCC 131, relied on.

1.2. In the present case, it was not pleaded by the landlord in his
petition that he for certain compelling reasons desired to live separately
D from his father and for that reason he required the premises. There was no
evidence on record to show that the landlord required the premises and his
need was bonafide. The only material on record for eviction of the tenants
before the Rent Control Authority was mere desire of the landlord to live
separately from his father. Such a desire is not a substitute of the need for
E the premises which a landlord is required to plead-and establish. Thus, the
landlord's desire to live separately is not a valid ground for eviction of the
tenants from the premises. (148-A-C]

_ 2.1.-Section 25 of the Act confers revisional jurisdiction to the High
Court. The words "to satisfy itself' as to regularity of such proceedings or
F the correctness, legality or propriety of any decision or orders passed is a
power of superintendence. The High Court is not required to interfere with
the finding of fact merely because the High Court is not in agreement with
the findings of the courts below. The power exercisable by the High Court
under Section 25 of the Act is not an appellate power to reappraise or
G reassess the evidence for coming to a different finding contrary to the
finding recorded by the courts below. Butwhere a finding arrived at by the
courts below is· based on no evidence, the High court would be justified in
interfering with such a finding recorded by the courts below. [148-C-E]

2.2. In the instant case neither has the landlord set out his need or
H requirement for the premises for his occupation in his petition nor has he
T. SIVASUBRAMANIAM v. KASINATH PUJARI [V.N. KHARE, J.] 145

led any evidence to show that his need is bonafide. In the absence of such A
- evidence, the Rent Controller and the Fil'St Appellate Authority acted contrary
to law in allowing the petition of the landlord by directing the eviction of the
tenants. Thus, the High Court was fully justified in interfering with the
findings of the court below. (148-E-F]

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 5388- B
5389 of 1998.

From the Judgment and Order dated 17 .12.97 of the Madras High Court
in C.R.P. Nos. 208-209of1994.

.. A.T.M. Sampath and V. Balaji for the Appellants . c
V. Krishnamurthy, V. Balachandran and T. Harish Kumar for the
Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
D
V.N. KHARE, J. The appellants herein are the landlords (hereinafter
referred to as 'the landlord'). The landlord filed a petition before the Rent
Controller under Sections 10(2)(iiXa), 10(2)(vii) and 10(3)(aXi}ofthe Tamilnadu
Building (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1960 (hereinafter referred to as 'the
Act') for eviction of the respondents-tenants from the premises. The E
respondents-tenants contested the said petition denying the alleged
requirements of the landlord for the premises as bonafide. The Rent Controller
allowed the petition filed by the landlord and ordered eviction of the tenants.
The appeals preferred by the tenants were also rejected by the Appellate
Authority. However, the High Court in the revision petitions filed by the
tenants set aside the orders of the two Courts below and allowed the revisions. F
The High Court was of the view that the landlord having not set out his need
much less bonafide need for the premises in the petition, no order for eviction
could have been passed against the tenants. It is against the said judgment
of the High Court the landlord is in appeal before us.
,,...
. G
Challenge to the order under appeal is laid on twin grounds. The first ·

.. ground is that the element of need for the premises. is implicit when a landlord
desires to live separately from his father and the view taken by the High Court
that the mere desire to live separately is not sufficient to constitute need for
the premises, is erroneous. The second ground is that it is not permissible
for the High Court in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction under Section 25 H
146 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A of the Act to interfere with the concurrent findings of fact arrived at by the
two courts below. According to the learned counsel, the High Court while
upsetting the judgments of the two courts below has transgressed its powers
conferred on it by Section 25 of the Act

In order to appreciate the arguments 9f learned counsel, it is relevant
B to set out the relevant provisions under which the landlord filed petition for
eviction of the tenants. Sections 10(3)(a)(i) and (e) of the Act read as under:

"10(3)(a) A landlord may, subject to the provisions of clause (d),
apply to the Controller for an order directing the tenant to put the
landlord in possession of the building.
c
(i) In case it is a residential building, if the landlord requires it for his
own occupation or for the occupation of any member of his family and
if he or any member of his family is not occupying a residential
building of his own in the city, town or village concerned.

D (e) The Controller shall ifhe is satisfied that the claim of the landlord
is bonafide, make an order directing the tenant to put the landlord in
possession of the building on such date as may be specified by the
Controller and if the Controller is not so satisfied he shall make an
order rejecting the application."

E A bare reading of the aforesaid provisions would show that a landlord can
seek an order of eviction against a tenant (a) if he requires the premises for
his own occupation or for occupation of any member of his family; and (b)
the landlord or any member of his family is not occupying a residential
building of his own in the city, town or village concerned and an order of
p eviction against a tenant cannot be passed by the Rent Controller unless he
is satisfied that the requirement of the landlord for the premises is bonafide.
In the present case, the landlord sought the eviction of the tenants on the
following averments made in his petition filed under Section I0(3)(a)(i) of the
Act. ,_
G 6. "The petitioners are now living with the father ofthe I st petitioner.
They are now desirous of living independently away from. their.
father. The petitioners do not have any house of their own in the City
of Madras and neither of them are occupying a residential building
of their own in the city of Madras".

H The aforesaid averments show that the landlord sought the possession of the
T. SIVASUBRAMANIAM v. KASINATH PUJARI [V.N. KHARE, J.) 147

premises by evicting the tenants merely on the ground that he desires to live A
independently away from his father. The question that arises for consideration
is, whether mere desire to live separately from the father would constitute
need or requirement of the premises. In Hameeda Hardware Stores v. Mohan
Lal Sowcar, [1988] 2 SCC 513, this Court held thus:

"A landlord seeking eviction of a tenant from a non-residential B
premises under section 10(3)(a)(iii) of the Act in order to succeed
in his petition should establish that he bonafide requires the premises,
in addition to proving the other ingredients referred to therein,
since clause (e) of Section I 0(3) is also applicable to a petition filed
under sub-clause (iii) of Section 10(3). The word 'claim' means a C
demand for something as due or to seek or ask for on the ground
of right etc. The word 'claim' in clause (e) of Section 10(3) of the
Act should, therefore, be construed as the requirement of the landlord
or his deserveness. 'Deserve' means to have a rightful claim or a just
claim. In the context of Rent Control law which is enacted for the
purpose ofgiving protection to tenants against unreasonable evictions D
and for the purpose of making equitable distribution of buildings
amongst persons who are in need of them in order to prove that his
claim is bonajide a landlord should establish that he deserves to be
put in possession of the premises which is in the occupation of the

-
tenant".
E
In Amarjit Singh v. Smt. Khatoon Quamarain, [ 1986] 4 SCC 736 it was
held, that the distinction between 'desire' and 'need' must also be kept in view
for purpose of eviction of a tenant for bona fide need of the landlord. In Ram
Dass v. Iswar Chander, [198SJ 3 SCC p.131, it was held as thus:

"Landlord's desire for possession, however honest it might otherwise F
be, has inevitably a subjective element in it and that desire, to
become a requirement must have the objective element of a need'.

From the aforesaid decisions it is clear that mere desire of the landlord
~-~ to live separately from his father cannot be attributed to his need for the G
premises occupied by the tenant. It is often seen that a desire takes its origin
from what one likes and dislikes and necessarily it is not depended upon
need. But we cannot lose sight of the fact that sometimes the desire may be
outcome of one's need. So w~en a landlord desires a premises, the requirement
of law is that the landlord must set out his need for t~e premises in his
petition and establish that such a need is bonajide. The need must be bona H
148 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A fide, genuine, honest and conceived in good faith. In the present case what
we find is that, it was not pleaded by the landlord in his petition that he for
certain compelling reasons desires to live separately from his father and for
that reason he required the premises. We also do not find any evidence on
record to show that the landlord required the premises and his need was bona
fide. The only material on record for eviction of the tenants before the Rent
B Control Authority was mere desire of the landlord~ to live separately from his
father. Such a desire is not substitute of the need for the premises which a
landlord is required to plead and establish. Thus, we are of the view that the
landlord's desire to live separately was not a valid ground for eviction of the
tenants from the premises. We, therefore, find no substance in the submission
C of learned counsel for the appellants.

So far as the second submission is concerned, the language employed
....
.
in Section 25 of the Act, which confers revisional jurisdiction to the High
Court, is very wide. Under Section 25 of the Act, the Hi&h Court_ cali call for
and examine the record of the appellate authority in order to satisfy'-itself as
D to regularity of such proceedings or the correctness, legality or propfiety of
any decision or orders passed therein. The words 'to satisfy itself employed
in Section 25 of the Act no doubt is a power of superintendence, and the High
Court is not required to interfere with the finding of fact merely because the
High Court is not in agreement with the findings of the Courts below. That
E power exercisable by the High Court under Section 25 of the Act is not an
appellate power to reappraise or reassess the evidence for coming to a
different finding contrary to the finding recorded by the courts .below. But
where a finding arrived at by the courts below is based on no evidence, the
High Court would be justified in interfering with such a finding recorded by
the courts below. In the present case what w"'e find is that, neither has the
F landlord set out his need or requirement for the premises for his occupation
in his petition nor he led any evidence to show that his need is bonafide. In
the absence of such evidence, the Rent Controller and the First Appellate
Authority acted contrary to law in allowing the petition of the landlord by
directing the eviction of the tenants. In such circumstances, the High Court
G was fully justified in interfering with the findings of the courts below. We,
therefore, reject the second submission of learned counsel.

For the aforesaid reasons we do not find any merit in the appeals which
are accordingly dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs.

N.J. Appeals dismissed. -