TAPAN KUMAR MUKHERJEEversusHEROMONI MONDAL AND ANR.

                          TAPAN KUMAR MUKHERJEE                                                  A
                                    v.
                        HEROMQNI MONDAL AND ANR.

                                  NOVEM13ER 14, 1990

             [S. RANGANATHAN AND K. RAMASWAMY, JJ.J
         Contempt of courts J!cl=SecliOflS 3 @4 /~Court's orders~
     Camplltmi:e af utmost ViNllimce 10 /Je exercised _/Jy offlcers of
     Governm~111.

              Tbt 11ppt1l!lml, 1!11 olf!lll'r of Ille Stiile G11v~mme11t, while !!l'til!I! 11s   C
     Junlof L!!!ld. Rdorms O~r~llm·Bl!ll!ll Develupment Officer, WI!$
     enJolnetl to l!l!Jtlpl)' with t!le Onler d.11tl!d JS.6. J987 pas@cl by the
      C11leutta Hll!h Court, restr11ii!ln11 lbe ~sp1mde11t.!itiiw t'rom h1terfer•
    -11111 with lllt pos8"Slon of tbe wr!t•p!'lltlm"rs !!! ~Jl!!ct llf file dlsp11tec!
     hmd!I l!nd from ~11Ulv11tl!!11 l!le s111!1 !omls, Tbe apJl!!llllllt was !l11ly
     opprlsfll with tb!l sold urd.er 1md. 11s 11 rf.'S11!t l!lereof Bl!ll!k Level co.            p
     Ordl1111tlon Commltull milt l!l!!l p11ssed 11 ref!Cll11ll1111 on Jf), 7. J9117 tbat
     "tbo om~r·l!!.cb111ie or tbv K11lt11ll P11ll~e litlltll!n SbP!!!ll l!!ll!l nllf!!S·
     11ry 11etkm 11emrdl!!f! to the ordor of Ille ff1111 •.Jiii!!! CpµJ't, Tbe •PPl'l·
     l!mt wa• 11 p11ny IP t!le s11id. r'Sj)lul!!m, Pespite tl!11t 011 3,8,l987, be
     Issued 11 memo lo the O!nl:llr•l!!-el!!!rge «1f tile Kultu!I Police Station
     ln&lm11tln11 lb11& the p!l•l!lb111der~ 111enll!med !ti 01e memq were e11titled l«I          E
     ~111t1v1kt Ill' l1111ds In dil;pgtv 11nd th!it th' pPllce llelp l«I the pa!tah'!l~rs
     be !llvon d11rlnll tile fUltlVlltlon P!'rloo. Tull! mem11 was lllrectlY 1md
     c:leiirl)' In vlol!ll!Qn Qf tbe ll!j1111e1J911 !!rde• pMSe!l by tile ff!1!11 Co!Jrt.
     On a contempt P!'llti«1n flied ll@for~ 01~ ffll!h Court. lbe appella!lt w11s
     fqund guilty qf !!tllltempl !If c!lllrt 81!4 tbe lllg!t Co!!rt rejecting the
     apolllll)' ktm!ered b)' h!m, Imposed 11 fine of R~. J,OQO, Jhll!!g !1J!l!!ieve4             F
     the 11ppel!anl !nQVe<I a fl!ltitiop Jli!fore tills c11urt, which was orlgi!Jall)'
     '"'glst~red !!S Petltl«1n fur Sfl!l!:i!•I le!IVe al!d W!!S dismls.sec! hy .tbil; Court
     on J~.10.89, Tbere!lfttlr, 11n bel1111 pPl!!ted 1111! Illa! the P!'*ifl•m sl\oµld
     b11n bttn t!l!llted 11s l!I! l!PP!'I!! Pl'llil!m 11m!~r S!'!'ll•m J9 11f lhe CAA,
     tempi Qf Cm1rts /\el, the C.il!rt rccalled It ~r!i!lr·1m!er da!llll ~3.J!l,89
     1111d d.lrected t1111I SLP "" re,nl!m!>llre!l 11s a Crimim1I APJ>!la! BQd lbat ll!          o
     now lbe Instant l!Pl"'l!l ll!!l! ~«1me up f!lr l!earl11g,
            Tb" appellllllt l:ll!!knded !h11I !be mem11 !fated 3,Jl,87 lla!J bee11
    iqdvtmntly slg11ed. by bl!ll "" I! w11s one of !be Sf!nr11! mem!ls wl!.icb lie
    had t11 Issue in c111111~tl!I!! wl!I! v11rl1111• d!~pl!!~ reg1mJ111g ~111tlv.~!im1
    rlglll!I durin!! ti!~ ~ul!lva!!!ln Sl111son. O!! tit~ 11tll~r ll!!!ld th~ ff.'Spo11!1e111§   Ii
•
    56          SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

    contended that they had been litigating against the State siime 1963 as
A
    the State had granted pattas in respect of the disputed lands to others
    disregarding their right to the land and the appellant had be1en acting
    contrary to the interests of the respondents in the said litigation.

          Allowing the appeal, this Court,                                            :
B
          HELD: Having decided, as a member of the B.L.C.C., to give
    police protection to the respondents, the appellant was not likely to have
    taken action deliberately to go contrary to the decision of the Commit-
    tee and flout the order of the Court. The possibility that there was some
    mistake or inadvertence due to pressure of work cannot be totally ruled
    out. [59F]
c
          Officers of Government should exercise utmost vigilance in comp-
    liance of courts' orders, particularly where they deal with vital issues
    such as cultivation rights of land-holders. [60E]

D        In the present case, the appellant himself withdrew his letter
    dated 3.8.87 and police protection was provided to the respondents. But
    such lapses, even during a short interval, can sometimes cause irrepar-
    able damage and injury. [60F]

          Where a case of wilful disobedience is made out, the cou.rts will
E   not hesitate and will convict the delinquent officer and no lenience In the
    court's attitude should be expected from the court as a mailer of course
    merely on the ground that an order of conviction would damage the
    service career of the concerned officer. [60F-G] .                        ·

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Contempt Crimi-
F   nal Appeal No. 21of1990.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 1.7.1988 of the Calcutta
    High Court in Civil Rule No. 529 of 1988 in Appeal from Original
    Order Tender No. 3597 of 1986.

G         G. Ramaswamy, S. Murlidar and Rathin Das for the Appellant.

          Ms. Nisha Bagchi and Ms. Indu Malhotra for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

H         RANGANATHAN, J. A .Division Bench of the High Court of
                                                                                  •
            T.K. MUKHERJEE v. S.H. MONDAL (RANGANATHAN, J.l              57

    Calcutta found the appellant guilty of contempt on court and, rejecting   A
    the apology tendered by him, imposed a fine of Rs. l,000. Aggrieved
    by the above order the appellant has preferred this appeal petition.

          The petition was originally numbered as Special Leave Petition
    (Civil) No. 13144 of 1989 and was dismissed by an order dated
    23.10.89. It was, thereafter, pointed out that the petition must have B
    been treated as an appeal petiticm under section 19 of the Contempt of
    Courts Act. Accordingly we recalled our order dated 23.10.1989 and
    directed the SLP to be re-numbered as a Criminal Appeal and listed
    for hearing. That is how this appeal comes up before us now.

         There has been a delay in the filing of Special Leave Petition       c
    and, consequently, this appeal. After hearing both parties, we con-
    done the delay in the filing of the petition. We admit the appeal and
    proceed to dispose it of.

         On 15.6.87," the Division Bench of the High Court passed an
    order to the following effect:                                            D

               "There will  be  an interim order until the disposal of this
               appeal to the effect that the respondents are restrained
               from interfering with the possession of the writ petitioners
               in respect of the disputed lands and/or from cultivating the
               said lands.'.'                                                 E

    The State Government was the "respondent" and, therefore, the
    restraint order was directed to the State Governmen\ and its con-
    cerned officers. The "writ petitioners" referred to in the order were
    the applicants in the Contempt Application moved before the High
    Court and the respondents herein. On 21.6.87 counsel for the respon-      F
    dents apprised the appellant, who was the Junior Land Reforms
    Officer (J.L.R.O.), as well as the Block Development Officer
    (B.D.O.), of the above order. The Block Level Co-ordination Com-
    mittee (B.L.C.C.) also met soon thereafter and passed a resolution on
    20.7.1987 that "the Officer-in-charge of the Kultuli Police station
    should take necessary action according to the order of the Honourable     G
    High Court". The appellant Tapan Kumar Mukherjee, was a member
    of the B.L.C.C., was present at this Committee meeting and was a
    party to the resolution. However, on 3.8.87, a memo was issued to the
    Officer-in-charge of the Kultuli Police Station. The memo, which was
..- signed by the appellant, read:
                                                                              H
    58          SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [ 1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

                "the following pattaholders are entitled to cultivate the
A
                schedule of lands this year. So he is requested to give police
                help to the pattaholders during the cultivation period."

    The names of the pattaholders and the details of the land were then
    given in the memo and there is no dispute that they were the pat-
B   taholders in respect of the lands in dispute which were the subject
    matter of the stay order who were contesting the right of the respon-
    dents to cultivate the lands. Patently, this memorandum was directly
    and clearly in violation of the in junction order passed by the High
    Court.

           After considering the facts, the High Court came to the conclu-
c   sion that the appellant was guilty of wilful disobedience of the order
    passed by the court on 15.6.87. It did not accept the apology tendered
    by the appellant nor did it accept the explanation given by the appel-
    'lant that the memo dated 3.8.87 had been issued due to inadvertance.

D         Before us also it is contended that the memo dated 3.8.87 had
    been inadvertantly signed by the appellant as it was one of the several
    memos which he had to issue in connection with various disputes
    regarding cultivation rights that arose during the cultivation season.
    The Government had issued guidelines that persons actually cultivat-
    ing the lands should be helped to complete their cultivation without
£   hindrance and that the weaker sections of the community should be
    given full protection. In the light of these guidelines, a number of
    memos were issued to the police officials directing them to render their
    assitance to the pattadars to complete their cultivation. A number of
    such memos were put up for appellant's signature and, by inad-
    vertance, the appellant also signed this memo over-looking that the
F   lands in issue hereunder were covered by the interim order of the
    court. It is submitted that it was not wilful disobedience of the order of
    the court but a matter of inadvertance. On behalf of the appellant it is
    once again stated that he has the greatest respect for the courts of the
    land and that he offers full and .unconditional apology for the infringe-
    ment of the court's order that has been occasioned by his inad-
G   vertance.

        On the other hand, for the respondents it is submitted that the
  facts of the case were not so simple. It is stated that the respondents
  had been litigating against the State of West Bengal since 1963 as the
  State had granted pattas in respect of the disputed lands to others ""
H disregarding the respondents' rights to the land. The appellant, along-
        T.K. MUKHERJEE v. S.H. MONDAL [RANGANATHAN, J.l              59

with other officials of the State Government, had been acting contrary
to the interests of the respondents in the above litigation. The High      A
Court in its order dated 15.6.1987 has expressed the view that the State
Government should not have granted the pattas and also observed that
the J.L.R.O. had not given a proper report to the court regarding the
cultivation of the lands in question. It is alleged that the memo of
3.8.87 was issued deliberately to harm the respondents and that, even      B
though the respondents rushed to the appellant immediately to vary
his orders, he refused to do so. It" is alleged that it was only on the
intervention of the B.D.O. that the respondents were able to cultivate
the lands.

        It will be seen from the above narration that there is a lot of
 ill-feeling between the respondents on the one band and .the State on c
 the other on account of the grant of pattas by the State Government in
 respect of the lands claimed by the respondents. The only controversy
 in this case is regarding the circumstances in which the memo dated
 3.8.87 was issued. On this, the allegations of the parties are at comp-
 lete variance. The appellant submits that the memo was issued due to D
 inadvertance at a time when there was heavy pressure of work. This
 submission has been disbelieved by the High Court and, prima facie,
the resolution of 20/7/87 to which the appellant was a party and the
fact that the respondents had to seek the intervention of the B.D.O. to
 harvest the lands, lend support to the High Court's conclusion. On the
other hand, there are certain circumstances which indicate that'there
 may have been only inadvertance rather than deliberate disobedience
on the part of the appellant. It seems to us that having decided, as a
 member of the B.L.C.C., to give police protection to the respondents,
the appellant was not .likely to have taken action deliberately to go
contrary to the decision of the Committee and flout the order of the
court. The possibility that there was some mistake or inadvertance due F
to pressure of work cannot be totally ruled out. The intervention of the
B.D.O by sending a radio message also seems to have another expla-
nation. In the contempt petition, the respondents state that on 10.8.87
they had to go the B.D.O. and seek his intervention as the J.L.R:O.
was not available in the office on that date. The radio message the,e-
fore does not necessarily establish the non-cooperation of the appellant. G
The respondents had to seek the B.D.O.'s help because ~f _the n@n-
availability of the appellant. The respondents no doubt allege that they
had met him earlier (and that he had demanded illegal gratification to
come to their rescue) but this allegation is not rellected in a letter they
wrote to the respondent on 2.12.1987. This letter refers to the order of
the High Court and the orders of the Administration giving the respon-
    60         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [ 1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

A   dents police protection. It admits that the cultivation work was comp-
                                                                                    "   .

    leted on 12.8.87. It is significant in this context that on 11.8.87 the
    appellant had issued a memo calling back his earlier memo and direct-
    ing police protection to be given to the appellant. Jn other words, the
    appellant did eventually assist the repondents to harvest their crops. It
    is somewhat significant that the contents of the respondents' letter of
B
    2. 12.87 do not contain any allegation that the cultivation by the
    respondents had been interrupted due to the activities of the patta-
    holders with the active protection of the police consequent on the
    memo issued by the appellant. It does not contain even a whisper of a
    grievance regarding the inimical attitude of the appellant. The con-
    tempt petition containing these allegations was moved considerably
c   later, towards the end of January 1988. Having regard to all these
    circumstances, we find ourselves unable to conclude beyond all doubt
    that the appellant had acted wilfully in this regard. We think that we
    should give the appellant the benefit of doubt in the circumstances of
    the case. We would, therefore, set aside the order of the High Court
    dated 1.7.88 as well as the fine imposed on the appellant. The amount
D
    of fine, which has' been deposited since, shall be returned to the
    appellant.

          Before parting with the case, we should like to emphasise that
    officers of Government should exercise utmost vigilance in compliance
    of courts' orders, particularly where they deal with vital issues such as
E
    cultivation rights of land-holders. Luckily, in the present case, the
    appellant himself withdrew his letter dated 3.8.87 and police protec-
    tion was provided to the respondents. But such lapses, even during a
    short interval, can sometimes cause irreparable damage and injury. In
    the circumstances of this case we have, though with a certain degree of
    reservation, extended to the appellant the benefit of doubt but we
F   should like to put out a warning that where a case of wilful disobe-
    dience is made out, the courts will not hesitate and will convict tbe
    delinquent officer and that no lenience in the court's attitude should be
    expected from the court as a matter of course merely on the ground
    th.at an order of conviction would damage the service career of the
    concerned officer.

    Y. Lal                                                  Appeal allowed.




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